Pathogenic microorganisms and their chronic pathogenicity are significant concerns in biomedical research. Biofilm-linked persistent infections are not easy to treat due to resident multidrug-resistant microbes. Low efficiency of various treatments and in vivo toxicity of available antibiotics drive the researchers toward the discovery of many effective natural anti-biofilm agents. Natural extracts and natural product-based anti-biofilm agents are more efficient than the chemically synthesized counterparts with lesser side effects. The present review primarily focuses on various natural anti-biofilm agents, i.e., phytochemicals, biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides, and microbial enzymes along with their sources, mechanism of action via interfering in the quorum-sensing pathways, disruption of extracellular polymeric substance, adhesion mechanism, and their inhibitory concentrations existing in literature so far. This study provides a better understanding that a particular natural anti-biofilm molecule exhibits a different mode of actions and biofilm inhibitory activity against more than one pathogenic species. This information can be exploited further to improve the therapeutic strategy by a combination of more than one natural anti-biofilm compounds from diverse sources.

The implementation of cutting-edge agricultural practices provides tools and techniques to drive climate-smart agriculture, reduce carbon emissions, and lower the carbon footprint. The alteration of climate conditions due to human activities poses a serious threat to the global agricultural systems. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from organic waste management need urgent attention to optimize conventional composting strategies for organic wastes. The addition of various inorganic materials such as sawdust and fly ash mitigate GHG during the vermicomposting process. This paper critically investigates the factors responsible for GHG emissions during vermicomposting so that possible threats can be managed.

Entomophagy and Entomotherapy practices adopted by various ethnic communities of the World embrace special significance in addressing the global food crisis issues. Insects are highly nutritious and have the potential to become future sustainable food due to high protein & fibre content, mineral, vitamins. Insects efficiently digest organic waste including food remnants, agricultural leftovers, and manure. This diverts refuse from landfills, thereby diminishing Greenhouse gas emissions and environmental contamination. This mini-review provided an overview of the causes (unsustainable harvesting, pesticide accumulation) and benefits (sources of high-value oils, reduced greenhouse gas emission) of insect farming. Insect farming fosters a circular economy model by converting waste into valuable resources, hence reducing waste and optimizing resource consumption. Establishing markets for insect-derived products requires a comprehensive strategy that considers customer perceptions, regulatory structures, and product innovation. Information about nutritional advantages, ecological sustainability, and ethical implications of insect-based products to consumers can offer solutions to various challenges in food security, environmental sustainability, and resource efficiency. This study also includes a survey to analyze consumer’s acceptability in Sarguja, Chhattisgarh, India for introducing insect farming as a better livelihood option in central India. The responses of the participants indicate continuous training programmes and nutrition educational interventions are required to promote insect farming practices.

The continuous use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens, posing a significant threat to both human and animal health. This necessitates exploring alternative solutions to combat this growing resistance. Natural products offer a viable alternative for microbial modulation, exhibiting diverse antibacterial processes and the capacity to modify microbial communities and biofilms. These compounds show potential as supplementary agents against resistant infections. Natural products derived from microbes are utilized as biofertilizers and biopesticides, enhancing crop yield and controlling plant pathogens, thereby offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial for combating fish-associated pathogens, reducing mortality rates in the aquaculture industry. Various bacteriocins, are used as food preservatives to inhibit spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms proving their potential in the food industry. In this review, the potential role of natural products from microbes in the food, agriculture, and aquaculture industry sectors has been elucidated. The challenges and prospects were also discussed to provide a foundation for identifying new research opportunities.