Background and Objectives: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a safe, minimally invasive method preferred for long-term enteral nutrition. While most procedural complications are minor and occur in the early period, there are also major complications that can lead to death. This study aims to investigate the minor and major complications, the timing of minor complications in patients with PEG tube placement, and the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 652 patients who underwent PEG tube placement between 1 January 2010 and 31 October 2024. This study investigated the age, gender, primary disease, minor and major complications, early and late complications, and the time to the emergence of minor complications in patients who underwent PEG tube placement. Results: The majority of patients underwent PEG insertion due to neurological diseases, with stroke being the most common cause. The minor complication rate was 17.1%, while the major complication rate was 9.5%. The most common minor complication was peristomal infection (5.2%), and the most common major complication was buried bumper syndrome. Thirty-nine patients (12.7%) experienced complications in the early period, while 17 patients (5.5%) experienced them in the late period. The transverse colon, which was injured, was the most commonly affected internal organ. Conclusions: PEG is widely used for neurological diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease and dementia, with minor complications being more common than major ones. There is no significant difference between early and late minor complications.

Aim: This study aims to review specific types of inguinal hernias over the past three years and analyze the surgical decision-making processes based on recent literature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 1,159 patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery at Servergazi State Hospital between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2023. Data analyzed included patient demographics, hernia types, locations, surgical methods, and complications. Special hernias, including Amyand's, Littre's, and Richter's hernias, were specifically identified and reviewed. Results: Among the 1,159 patients, 113 were female (9.7%) and 1,046 were male (90.3%). The average age was 47.8 years for females and 58.6 years for males. Hernia types included 838 inguinal (72.3%), 267 femoral (23.1%), and 54 recurrent (4.6%). Specific hernias identified included 4 cases of Amyand's hernia (0.34%), 2 cases of Littre's hernia (0.17%), and 1 case of Richter's hernia (0.08%). Surgical approaches consisted of 83.7% open surgery and 16.3% laparoscopic procedures, with meshplasty performed in 96.5% of cases. Complications were infrequent: seroma in 3.9%, hematoma in 1.8%, wound infection in 2.8%, and recurrence in 0.4%. Specific hernias required additional procedures such as appendectomy for Amyand's hernia and diverticulectomy for Littre's hernia, with no complications reported during follow-up. Conclusion: Inguinal hernias often contain omental tissue, but special hernias like Amyand's (appendix), Littre's (Meckel’s diverticulum), and Richter's (intestinal wall) necessitate thorough examination. Amyand's hernia, which can range from incidental findings to acute appendicitis, benefits from mesh repair and appendectomy if needed. Littre’s hernia requires diverticulectomy in addition to hernia repair. Richter's hernia, presenting with varied symptoms, should be managed with direct inspection and appropriate repair. The increasing use of minimally invasive techniques may lead to a higher incidence of Richter's hernia. Tailoring surgical strategies to the type of hernia ensures optimal outcomes.

Rare anatomical localizations of primary hydatid cysts: A single-center retrospective observational study - Turkish Journal of Surgery

ÖZET Brunner bezi adenomu (BGA), duodenumun nadir görülen tümörlerinden biridir. Esas olarak duodenal bulbusta bulunur, şekil, sayı ve boyut bakımından farklılık gösterir. Çoğunlukla asemptomatiktir ve özofagogastroduodonoskopi sırasında tesadüfen saptanır. Etyoloji ve patogenez tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Ayırıcı tanıda lipom, nöroendokrin tümörler, lenfoma, adenokarsinom, GİST, leiomyom, karsinoid düşünülmelidir. BGA için standart bir tedavi ve takip algoritması yoktur. Semptomatik hastalarda lezyonlar endoskopik veya cerrahi olarak rezeke edilmelidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Brunner gland adenomu, Brunner gland hiperplazisi, duodenal kanser