SUNDANESE ETHNOMATHEMATICS: MATHEMATICAL ACTIVITIES IN ESTIMATING, MEASURING, AND MAKING PATTERNS

Improving the Reasoning Ability of Elementary School Student through the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education

Mathematics exists as rooted in human ideas, ways, and techniques to respond to their environments. Along with its development, mathematics has been taught through formal education or schooling in the flat- not flexible ways and far from students' social and cultural lives. Indonesia is rich with culture, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). It is called a city of culture. Educators are not yet aware of this richness in the learning process to integrate it as the starting point. It is hard to find in mathematics textbooks in Indonesia, which put cultural context as starting points. Therefore, this study aims to explore Yogyakarta's culture in terms of contexts used in mathematics learning. It is an ethnography study. Furthermore, the data was collected through literature artifacts, field observation, and interviews with resource persons who understand the seasons, system, and calculation of birth and death days. It is to clarify the researcher's understanding of the literature. This study showed that Yogyakarta's people use mathematical modeling to determine the seasons' system and funerary dates. These models have the potential to be used as a starting point in learning mathematics.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan mahasiswa STKIP BBG dalam mempelajari geometri dimensi tiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus untuk mengkaji proses pembelajaran mahasiswa calon guru matematika di lingkungan STKIP BBG. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 16 orang mahasiswa calon guru matematika STKIP BBG Semester II-IV Tahun Akademik 2016/2017 yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tehnik angket, tes, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua faktor internal dan ekternal memberi pengaruh terhadap kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh mahasiswa pendidikan matematika STKIP BBG. Faktor internal sebagai penyebab kesulitan adalah faktor minat, bakat dan intelegensi mahasiswa yang memiliki persentase lebih dari 50% tergolong rendah dan sangat rendah. Adapun faktor ekternal, diantaranya adalah aspek penggunaan metode mengajar oleh dosen dimana, penyampaian materi oleh dosen tanpa menyesuaikan kemampuan mahasiswa memiliki peran yang tinggi (68.75%) dalam memunculkan kesulitan terhadap penguasaan konsep-konsep geometri dimensi tiga. Selain itu, pengalaman belajar geometri pada jenjang sekolah sebelumnya juga menjadi faktor lain yang mengakibatkan kesulitan belajar geometri dalam penelitian ini. The cause of difficulty in learning the three-dimensional geometry AbstractThis study aims to investigate the factors that cause STKIP BBG’s prospective teachers difficulties in learning three-dimensional geometry. This research uses a case study qualitative research method to assess student learning process of prospective mathematics teachers in mathematics department at STKIP BBG. Subjects in this study were 16 prospective mathematics teachers in semester II - IV academic year 2016/2017 at STKIP BBG. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was done by using questionnaire technique, tests and interviews. The results showed that both internal and external factors had given effects toward learning difficulties experienced by mathematics education students at STKIP BBG. The internal factors are which suspected as the difficulty’s cause are the interest factor; talent and intelligence where 50% of prospective mathematics teachers are in low and very low level. Meanwhile, the external factors, such as the use of teaching methods by lecturers where, the delivery of materials by lecturers without adjusting the ability of students have a high role (68.75%) in raising difficulties on the mastery of three-dimensional geometry concepts. In addition, the experience of learning geometry at the previous school level is also another factor that leads to difficulties in learning geometry in this study.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi terkait hubungan antara matematika dengan budaya, khususnya dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Jawa yang ada di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi yang merupakan sebuah pendekatan teoritis dan empiris untuk mendapatkan deskripsi dan analisis mendalam tentang sebuah budaya berdasarkan catatan lapangan yang telah diperoleh dari hasil pengumpulan data. Fokus dalam penelitian ini yaitu eksplorasi etnomatematika dalam permainan tradisional masyarakat Jawa, seperti permainan tradisional Kubuk, Kubuk Manuk, Dhukter, Macanan, dan Jeg-Jegan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Jawa memiliki berbagai konsep matematika, seperti operasi bilangan, bangun datar, kesebangunan, kekongruenan, perbandingan bilangan, dan relasi. Selain itu, permainan tradisional tersebut juga mengandung nilai-nilai budaya, yang mulai ditinggalkan oleh sebagian masyarakat. Kata kunci: etnomatematika, permainan tradisional, budaya Jawa, etnografi. ABSTRACT The study aims to explore the correlation between mathematics and Javanese culture, especially in Yogyakarta. This research uses etnography approach, that is empirical and theoritical approach to get the description and deep analysis about a culture based on the field note which has been obtained from the data collection. The focus of this research is study etnomathematics in Javanese traditional games namely Kubuk, Kubuk Manuk, Dhukter, Macanan, and Jeg-Jegan. The result shows that Javanese traditional games have the concepts of mathematics, such as number operations, plane, congruence, proportion number, and relation. In addition, the traditional games also contain cultural values, which began to be left by some people. Keywords: ethnomathematics, traditional games, Javanese culture, ethnography