Background: Urolithiasis has been a major health concern for centuries, primarily owing to the limited treatment options in the physician’s armamentarium. However, various studies have underscored a lesser incidence of urolithiasis in cohorts predominantly consuming fruits and vegetables. This article aims to review various dietary plants, medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in the prevention and management of urolithiasis. Methods: To provide context and evidence, relevant publications were identified on Google Scholar, PubMed and Science-Direct using keywords such as urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, renal stones, phytochemicals and dietary plants. Results: Growing bodies of evidence suggest the incorporation of plant-based foods, medicinal and herbal supplements, and crude drugs containing phytochemicals into the staple diet of people. The anti-urolithiatic activity of these plant bioactives can be attributed to their antioxidant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and inhibitory effect on the crystallization, nucleation and crystal aggregation effects. These mechanisms would help alleviate the events and symptoms that aid in the development and progression of renal calculi. In addition, it will also avoid the exacerbation of secondary disorders like inflammation and injury, which can initiate a vicious circle in turn worsening the disease progression. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results presented in the review demonstrate the promising role of various dietary plants, medicinal and herbal supplements, and phytochemicals in preventing and managing the precipitation of uroliths. However, more conclusive and cogent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies is required to substantiate their safety, efficacy and toxicity profiles in humans.

Skeletal muscle mass responds rapidly to growth stimuli, precipitating hypertrophies (increased protein synthesis) and hyperplasia (activation of the myogenic program). For ages, muscle degeneration has been attributed to changes in the intracellular myofiber pathways. These pathways are tightly regulated by hormones and lymphokines that ultimately pave the way to decreased anabolism and accelerated protein breakdown. Despite the lacunae in our understanding of specific pathways, growing bodies of evidence suggest that the changes in the myogenic/regenerative program are the major contributing factor in the development and progression of muscle wasting. In addition, inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diseases linked to the failure of skeletal muscles. Chronic inflammation with elevated levels of inflammatory mediators has been observed in a spectrum of diseases, such as inflammatory myopathies and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the pathophysiology of these diseases varies greatly, they all demonstrate sarcopenia and dysregulated skeletal muscle physiology as common symptoms. Medicinal plants harbor potential novel chemical moieties for a plenitude of illnesses, and inflammation is no exception. However, despite the vast number of potential antiinflammatory compounds found in plant extracts and isolated components, the research on medicinal plants is highly daunting. This review aims to explore the various phytoconstituents employed in the treatment of inflammatory responses in skeletal muscles, while providing an in-depth molecular insight into the latter.

The potential of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in the delivery of small molecule drugs and genes of interest in the management of clinically-diagnosed cervical cancer.

GLP-1 and its synthetic analogs have emerged as significant therapeutic agents for the management of metabolic disorders, merging glycemic control with weight loss through innovative structural and delivery breakthroughs. This review provides a meticulous exploration of GLP-1, elucidating its origin, secretion, and the challenges associated with its clinical application due to its fragility in the presence of DPP-IV, resulting in a short half-life. To overcome this limitation, various modifications and delivery strategies to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1 analogs have been studied. The review delves into the intricacies of different modification approaches, including N and C-terminal modifications, Fatty acid Side chain Modifications, and Large Molecule Conjugation Modifications, highlighting their rationale and resulting improvements in half-life, stability, receptor binding, and bioactivity. Additionally, the importance of optimized delivery strategies to ensure sustained and controlled release of GLP-1 analogs is discussed. The culmination of these scientific advancements provides valuable insights for the development of more effective treatments for metabolic disorders, ultimately paving the way for improved patient outcomes in the realm of metabolic health.