The socio-economic development in Jakarta-Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR) caused the increasing of urban expansion and led to a variety of environmental damage such as uncontrolled land use conversion and raising anthropogenic disaster. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the driving forces of urban expansion that occurs on JBMUR and (2) to analyze the environmental quality decline on JBMUR by producing time series spatial distribution map and spatial autocorrelation of floods and landslide as the proxy of anthropogenic disaster. The driving forces of urban expansion in this study were identified by employing Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model using 6 (six) independent variables, namely: population density, percentage of agricultural land, distance to the center of capital city/municipality, percentage of household who works in agricultural sector, distance to the provincial road, and distance to the local road. The GWR results showed that local demographic, social and economic factors including distance to the road spatially affect urban expansion in JBMUR. The time series spatial distribution map of floods and landslide event showed the spatial cluster of anthropogenic disaster in some areas. Through Local Moran Index, we found that environmental damage in one location has a significant impact on the condition of its surrounding area.

Although uneven regional development has long been an issue in Java, most parts of the territory experienced an increased level of development over the last two decades. Due to the variance in local background and spatial heterogeneity, the driving factors of the development level should, theoretically, vary over space. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the local factors that influence the development level of Java’s regions. We used the spatiotemporal pattern analysis, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and geographically weighted regression (GWR), utilizing the regional development index as the predicted variable, and the social level, economy, infrastructure, land use, and environmental barriers as predictors. As per our results, it was found that the level of development in Java has improved over the past two decades. Metropolitan areas continued to lead this improvement. All the predictors that we examined significantly affected regional development. However, the spatial pattern of the local regression coefficients of Human Development Index (HDI), landslide, paddy conversion, and crime shifted due to changes in the spatial concentration of development activities.

Serang is one regency in Banten Province which is located near to Jabodetabek, the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. The economic growth at its periphery has a negative impact on the decreasing of rice field in the regency. Objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze decreasing of rice field in Serang Regency from 2006 to 2018 and to project land-use change in 2030, and (2) to identify spatial distribution pattern of rice field in Serang Regency. Land-use change was conducted by ArcGIS10.3 using Landsat images. Identification of spatial distribution pattern of rice field was conducted by Moran and LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation). Meanwhile, land-use change projection was conducted using CA-Markov. Results show that during 2006-2018 there has been an increase of built-up area (7,295 hectares) and decreasing of rice field from 60,949 hectares to 54,232 hectares. A larger decreasing rice field occurred at districts located at the eastern part of Serang Regency. The result of land-use change projection shows the increase of built-up area and rice field conversion in Serang Regency in 2030. Decreasing rice field in the long term may threaten food security at the local and regional level.