Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight or obesity, but their association with cancer is unclear. To investigate the risk for obesity-related cancer associated with GLP-1RAs. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to August 2025. Randomized placebo-controlled trials reporting any of the following cancer outcomes: thyroid, pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, esophageal, liver, gallbladder, breast, ovarian, endometrial, or kidney cancer; multiple myeloma; or meningioma. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The review included 48 trials involving 94 245 participants. GLP-1RAs probably have little or no effect on risk for thyroid cancer (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.82 to 2.31]; 1 fewer to 9 more cases per 10 000 patients treated), pancreatic cancer (OR, 0.84 [CI, 0.53 to 1.35]; 9 fewer to 6 more per 10 000), breast cancer (OR, 0.95 [CI, 0.60 to 1.49]; 10 fewer to 12 more per 10 000), or kidney cancer (OR, 1.12 [CI, 0.78 to 1.60]; 5 fewer to 13 more per 10 000) (moderate certainty). GLP-1RAs may have little or no effect on colorectal, esophageal, liver, gallbladder, ovarian, or endometrial cancer; multiple myeloma; or meningioma (low certainty). The effect on gastric cancer is very uncertain. Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses of trials with low risk of bias and studies of semaglutide or tirzepatide and across subgroups stratified by follow-up duration, population, GLP-1RA class, weight loss profile, dose, and duration of action. The included trials were not designed to evaluate cancer outcomes and had short follow-up. GLP-1RAs may have little or no effect on risk for obesity-related cancers. Longer-term studies are needed to clarify potential risks or benefits. None. (PROSPERO: CRD42024608365).

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: We searched four databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared FMT with a control intervention in patients with IBS. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool was chosen for appraisal. Meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence (CoE). Results: We included 12 RCTs with a total of 615 participants. Meta-analyses showed no significant difference between the FMT and control groups in terms of clinical responses (relative risk [RR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–2.33) and changes in IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) scores (standardised mean difference [SMD] = − 0.31, 95% CI − 0.72 to 0.09) and IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) scores (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI − 0.09 to 0.69). Subgroup analysis revealed that in studies with low RoB and using endoscopy, nasojejunal tube and rectal enema delivery, FMT led to a significant improvement in clinical responses and changes in IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL scores. TSA suggested that the current evidence is inconclusive and that the CoE is very low. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with IBS may benefit from FMT especially when it is administered via endoscopy, nasojejunal tube or rectal enema. However, the certainty of evidence is very low. Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of FMT for IBS treatment. Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020211002.

Background: Previous research has indicated a potential correlation between hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and psoriasis (PSO), two chronic inflammatory dermatological diseases. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluations that consider a variety of clinical and demographic factors, and the risk of developing HS in PSO patients remains unclear. Our study aims to examine HS risk over time among PSO patients versus matched controls while considering the influence of confounders to provide insights into the potential link between these two diseases. Method: In this multi-institutional cohort study using the TriNetX database, we matched 202,318 patients with PSO with an equivalent number of individuals without PSO, using propensity score matching. The study period extended from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2018. We computed hazard ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the probability of HS manifestation over a period of 5 years in patients with PSO in comparison to those without PSO. Results: PSO patients demonstrated a consistently higher risk of developing HS than matched controls across all analytic models with the hazard ratios (HR) ranging from 1.43 (95% CI 1.30–1.56) to 5.91 (95% CI 2.49–14.04). Stratified analyses showed the increased HS risk was observed in both genders but only significant in those aged 18–64 years. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated PSO patients had a higher cumulative probability of developing HS over time (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.49–1.89). Conclusions: PSO was associated with increased HS risk, highlighting the importance of considering HS as a potential comorbidity in PSO patients and may have implications for early detection, prevention, and management strategies for both conditions. Shared inflammatory pathways, genetic components, and skin dysbiosis may contribute. Further research should elucidate underlying mechanisms.