The outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has become the focus of attention in the field of urban geography. Built environment, such as the layout of public spaces like transportation hubs and urban open spaces, is an important factor affecting the spread of the epidemic. However, due to the different behavior patterns of different age groups, the intensity and frequency of their use of various built environment spaces may vary. Based on this, we selected patients that were infected, with a non-manipulated time period, and the classification of human behavior patterns; we then conducted a regression analysis study on the spatial distribution and building environment of these COVID-19 patients. The results showed that the spatial distribution of young and middle-aged patients (18–59 years old) was more homogeneous, while the spatial distribution of elderly patients (60 years old and above) had a strong clustering characteristic. Moreover, the significant built environment factors exhibited in the two populations were extremely different. More diverse urban facilities and public spaces exhibited influential properties for older patients, while middle-aged and young adults were more influenced by commuting facilities. It can be said that the built environment shows different influences and mechanisms on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases in different populations. Therefore, the results of this paper can inform decision makers who expect to reduce the occurrence of urban respiratory infectious diseases by improving the urban built environment.

Background: In the context of global population aging, walking has become a key form of daily physical activity for older adults. Walking supports social participation and independence, and contributes significantly to both physical and mental health. However, there is still no broad consensus on which built environment factors influence older adults’ walking, or how these factors exert their effects. Methods: This study systematically searched five databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined using the PICOS framework. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, and studies were summarized according to their characteristics, methodological features, and built environment variables. The 46 included studies were assessed for quality using the National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Based on this evaluation, a quantitative analysis identified 11 built environment factors with strong consensus regarding their influence on walking activity among older adults. Results: This study systematically reviewed 46 empirical studies to examine the impacts and mechanisms of the built environment on walking activity among older adults. The results indicate that the availability of retail stores, perceived safety, and aesthetic appeal significantly promote walking. In contrast, factors such as population density, residential density, land-use mix, intersection density, green view ratio, sidewalk density, distance to parks, green spaces, and plazas, as well as transit stop density, exhibit nonlinear effects. The nonlinear relationships involving sidewalk density and the distance to parks, green spaces, and plazas remain contested. Specifically, the following thresholds warrant attention: the optimal range of population density remains inconclusive and requires further validation; land-use mix is most effective within 0.55–0.7; intersection density is optimal at 25–65/km ² ; a streetscape green view index of about 24% yields the greatest effect; residential density of 10,000–25,000 households/km ² provides the strongest support for walking; sidewalk density of approximately 6 km/km ² is particularly relevant; the acceptable maximum walking distance to parks, green spaces, or plazas is 1–1.3 km; and transit stop density is preferable at 6–7 stops/km ² . In addition, sufficient neighborhood shops and convenience facilities are needed to strengthen motivation for walking. Safety and aesthetic appeal play a key role in promoting walking by enhancing environmental perception and psychological sense of safety. Conclusions: Future research should adopt more longitudinal designs to overcome the limited causal inference of cross-sectional studies and to explore methods for controlling self-selection bias. In addition, future studies should strengthen the investigation of nonlinear relationships between the built environment and walking activity among older adults, with a focus on fine-grained analyses at the micro level. Integrating AI, big data, and machine learning for dynamic prediction and mechanism modeling will further help to uncover the complex interactions between the built environment and walking behavior. The findings of this study are consistent with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) core concept of “age-friendly cities” and provide actionable theoretical and practical guidance for human-centered, age-friendly urban design.

(1) Background: In the context of global population aging, how to enhance the health of older people has become a focus of attention in various fields. Although it is widely recognized that the effects of urban green space built environments on physical activity can substantially improve the health of older people, few studies have been conducted to understand the relationship between green spaces, physical activity, and the health of older people at the community level. This research gap has become a key issue hindering the sustainable development of health among the elderly. (2) Methods: This study used survey data from 1989 elderly individuals in Qingshan District, Wuhan, and applied multiple linear regression models to explore the relationship between community green space built environments and the overall intensity of physical activity, as well as the relationship with low, moderate, and high-intensity physical activity levels. (3) Results: The results show that education level, income level, health status, companionship, green view index, road cleanliness, and fitness facilities are positively correlated with the overall intensity of physical activity, while gender, age, self-assessed psychological stress, and road intersection density are negatively correlated with it. Companionship, green view index, road cleanliness, and recreational facilities are positively correlated with low-intensity physical activity levels among the elderly, while gender, income level, and fitness facilities are negatively correlated with them. Companionship, green view index, and road cleanliness are positively correlated with moderate-intensity physical activity among the elderly, while gender is negatively correlated with it. For high-intensity activities, education level and fitness facilities are positively correlated, while gender, self-assessed psychological stress, and road intersection density are negatively correlated. (4) Conclusions: Future research could expand the sample size while incorporating more longitudinal designs, expand the types of influencing factors, conduct more detailed classifications, and carry out broader data collection procedures to comprehensively analyze the effects of the community green space built environment on physical activity among older people, providing a stronger scientific basis for the formulation of healthy city policies.

In the face of the urgent need for the development and transformation of highway service areas, regional culture serves as an important breakthrough and direction for quality improvement. Presenting the main design form of architecture with regional characteristics, allowing the reproduction of traditional regional culture and form, is an important issue. This paper takes the integration of regional characteristics in the main body of the Wuda High-Speed Service Area as the core content for discussion, extracts the architectural cultural elements of the Dawu area, and carries out the upgrading of the service area architectural design around this core element, forming a traffic commercial body with strong recognition and lasting momentum. Introduction.