Electric vehicles (EVs) are commonly recognized as environmentally friendly modes of transportation. They function by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy using different types of motors, which aligns with the sustainable principles embraced by smart cities. The motors of EVs store and consume electrical power from renewable energy (RE) sources through interfacing connections using power electronics technology to provide mechanical power through rotation. The reliable operation of an EV mainly relies on the condition of interfacing connections in the EV, particularly the connection between the 3- $\phi $ inverter output and the brushless DC (BLDC) motor. In this paper, machine learning (ML) tools are deployed for detecting and classifying the faults in the connecting lines from 3- $\phi $ inverter output to the BLDC motor during operational mode in the EV platform, considering double-line and three-phase faults. Several machine learning-based fault identification and classification tools, namely the Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Stochastic Gradient Descent, AdaBoost, XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbour, and Voting Classifier, were tuned for identifying and categorizing faults to ensure robustness and reliability. The ML classifications were developed based on the datasets of healthy and faulty conditions considering the combination of six critical parameters that have significance in reliable EV operation, namely the current supplied to the BLDC motor from the inverter, the modulated DC voltage, output speed, and measured speed, as well as the output of the Hall-effect sensor. In addition, the superiority of the proposed fault detection and classification approaches using ML tools was assessed by comparing the detection and classification efficiency through some statistical performance parameter comparisons among the classifiers.

Due to the expansion of data generation, more and more natural language processing (NLP) tasks are needing to be solved. For this, word representation plays a vital role. Computation-based word embedding in various high languages is very useful. However, until now, low-resource languages such as Bangla have had very limited resources available in terms of models, toolkits, and datasets. Considering this fact, in this paper, an enhanced BanglaFastText word embedding model is developed using Python and two large pre-trained Bangla models of FastText (Skip-gram and cbow). These pre-trained models were trained on a collected large Bangla corpus (around 20 million points of text data, in which every paragraph of text is considered as a data point). BanglaFastText outperformed Facebook’s FastText by a significant margin. To evaluate and analyze the performance of these pre-trained models, the proposed work accomplished text classification based on three popular textual Bangla datasets, and developed models using various machine learning classical approaches, as well as a deep neural network. The evaluations showed a superior performance over existing word embedding techniques and the Facebook Bangla FastText pre-trained model for Bangla NLP. In addition, the performance in the original work concerning these textual datasets provides excellent results. A Python toolkit is proposed, which is convenient for accessing the models and using the models for word embedding, obtaining semantic relationships word-by-word or sentence-by-sentence; sentence embedding for classical machine learning approaches; and also the unsupervised finetuning of any Bangla linguistic dataset.

Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of machine learning that has garnered a lot of attention in recent days due to the revolution in artificial intelligence, robotics, and smart devices. NLP focuses on training machines to understand and analyze various languages, extract meaningful information from those, translate from one language to another, correct grammar, predict the next word, complete a sentence, or even generate a completely new sentence from an existing corpus. A major challenge in NLP lies in training the model for obtaining high prediction accuracy since training needs a vast dataset. For widely used languages like English, there are many datasets available that can be used for NLP tasks like training a model and summarization but for languages like Bengali, which is only spoken primarily in South Asia, there is a dearth of big datasets which can be used to build a robust machine learning model. Therefore, NLP researchers who mainly work with the Bengali language will find an extensive, robust dataset incredibly useful for their NLP tasks involving the Bengali language. With this pressing issue in mind, this research work has prepared a dataset whose content is curated from social media, blogs, newspapers, wiki pages, and other similar resources. The amount of samples in this dataset is 19132010, and the length varies from 3 to 512 words. This dataset can easily be used to build any unsupervised machine learning model with an aim to performing necessary NLP tasks involving the Bengali language. Also, this research work is releasing two preprocessed version of this dataset that is especially suited for training both core machine learning-based and statistical-based model. As very few attempts have been made in this domain, keeping Bengali language researchers in mind, it is believed that the proposed dataset will significantly contribute to the Bengali machine learning and NLP community.