This review is devoted to recent developments in blood flow modelling. It begins with the discussion of blood rheology and its non-Newtonian properties. After that we will present some modelling methods where blood is considered as a heterogeneous fluid composed of plasma and blood cells. Namely, we will describe the method of Dissipative Particle Dynamics and will present some results of blood flow modelling. The last part of this paper deals with one-dimensional global models of blood circulation. We will explain the main ideas of this approach and will present some examples of its application.

Non‐invasive coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve (cFFR) is an emergent approach to determine the functional relevance of obstructive coronary lesions. Its feasibility and diagnostic performance has been reported in several studies. It is unclear if differences in sensitivity and specificity between these studies are due to study design, population, or "computational methodology." We evaluate the diagnostic performance of four different computational workflows for the prediction of cFFR using a limited data set of 10 patients, three based on reduced‐order modelling and one based on a 3D rigid‐wall model. The results for three of these methodologies yield similar accuracy of 6.5% to 10.5% mean absolute difference between computed and measured FFR. The main aspects of modelling which affected cFFR estimation were choice of inlet and outlet boundary conditions and estimation of flow distribution in the coronary network.One of the reduced‐order models showed the lowest overall deviation from the clinical FFR measurements, indicating that reduced‐order models are capable of a similar level of accuracy to a 3D model. In addition, this reduced‐order model did not include a lumped pressure‐drop model for a stenosis, which implies that the additional effort of isolating a stenosis and inserting a pressure‐drop element in the spatial mesh may not be required for FFR estimation.The present benchmark study is the first of this kind, in which we attempt to homogenize the data required to compute FFR using mathematical models. The clinical data utilised in the cFFR workflows are made publicly available online.

One-dimensional models of hemodynamics proved to be effective in the analysis of blood flow in humans in the normal and pathological states. A key factor contributing to the successful simulation usin

A complex dynamic model of the closed cardiovascular and respiratory systems including their interaction is considered. It is proposed to substitute a single-component model of the alveolar volume with a multi-component one. A refined structure of the vascular network based on experimental data is suggested. Resonance properties of the alveolar volume components are investigated with the help of the proposed multi-component model. Computational results are presented showing an amplitude-dependent decrease in oxygen concentration in the venous part of the pulmonary circuit when the alveolar volume is subject to periodic disturbances at its eigenfrequencies

Компьютерные исследования и моделирование