Insect resistance and environmental pollution are among the drawbacks of continuous use of synthetic insecticides against the vectors of dengue, Aedesaegypti and Aedes albopictus. The objective of this study was to analyze the composition of the essential oil of Lippia grata Schauer collected from plants, in three periods of the year, to compare the larvicidal activity and enzymatic inhibition of the dengue vectors. The oilsanalyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), presented thymol and 1,8-cineole, as the main constituents, in all three periods. This composition was different from that found in previous studies of the species from different places, thus, suggesting a new chemotype of Lippia grata. Larvicidal tests were performed at concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5 μg.mL⁻¹ and the essential oil from the rainy season showed the best results, with LC₅₀ of 22.79 μg.mL⁻¹ and 35.36 μg.mL⁻¹ against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively; this result was better than other reports. In the rainy period, however, there was a greater variety of components, which led to a better larvicidal effect, possibly due to synergistic action with minor constituents. Total proteins, amylases, and acetylcholinesterase of both species were inhibited by the oils.

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, resulting in significant economic losses in sheep and goat farming. Considering limited treatment options, the use of natural compounds has emerged as a promising alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of essential oils from Lippia origanoides (EOLO) and Ocimum micranthum (EOOM) against C. pseudotuberculosisstrains isolated from small ruminants with clinical CLA. Thirty isolates were genotypically characterized using quadruplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (16S rRNA, rpoB, pld, narG genes). The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Minimum inhibitory concentration resulting in complete growth inhibition (MIC₁₀₀) and minimum bactericidal concentrations leading to complete bacterial eradication (MBC₁₀₀) were determined. Susceptibility to penicillin and tetracycline was assessed by disk diffusion. All strains were confirmed as biovar ovis (16S rRNA⁺, rpoB⁺, pld⁺, narG⁻). EOLO presented thymol (66.23%) as the major compound, while eugenol (38.62%) was the principal constituent in EOOM. EOLO exhibited large inhibition zone diameters (IZD), ranging from 40.67 mm to 98.33 mm, indicating strong activity. EOOM also demonstrated strong inhibition, with IZD values between 18.67 mm and 31.67 mm. All isolates were classified as “I” for penicillin (susceptible, increased exposure) and as susceptible (“S”) to tetracycline. EOLO showed MIC₁₀₀ values ranging from 15 to 250 µg/mL, while EOOM ranged from 62.5 to 125 µg/mL. MBC₁₀₀ values ranged from 125 to 1,000 µg/mL. This study seems to be the first report of the in vitro antibacterial activity of EOLO and EOOM against C. pseudotuberculosis, highlighting their potential as effective, natural alternatives for the treatment and control of CLA in small ruminants.