Undecylprodigiosin pigment (UPP) is reported to display cytotoxic activity towards various types of tumours. Nevertheless, its efficacy in modifying the cellular response to ionising radiation is still unknown. In this study, the radiomodulating effects of UPP were investigated. The effects of UPP were assessed in vitro by treating cultures of human peripheral blood with UPP and ionising radiation using two treatment regimens, the UPP pre-irradiation treatment and UPP post-irradiation treatment. The activity of UPP was investigated evaluating its effects on the radiation-induced micronuclei formation, cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. The redox modulating effects of UPP were examined measuring the catalase activity and the level of malondialdehyde, as a measure of oxidative stress. The results showed that UPP effects on cellular response to ionising radiation depend on its concentration and the timing of its administration. At low concentration, the UPP displayed radioprotective effects in γ-irradiated human lymphocytes while at higher concentrations, it acted as a radiosensitiser enhancing either mitotic catastrophe or apoptosis depending on the treatment regimen. The UPP modified redox processes in cells, particularly when it was employed prior to γ-irradiation. Our data highlight the importance of further research of the potential of UPP to sensitize tumour cells to radiation therapy by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance.

Graphene oxide (GO), with its unique surface chemistry, adjustable oxidation degree, and large specific surface area, has emerged as a highly promising platform for environmental remediation. Among hazardous contaminants, organophosphates pose a significant global concern due to their persistence, high toxicity, and widespread presence in aquatic systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the synthesis and functionalization of GO and GO-based composites specifically tailored for organophosphate removal. Particular emphasis is placed on strategies that optimize GO surface chemistry, defect engineering, and porosity control, which are critical determinants of adsorption efficiency and selectivity. In addition to its sorptive role, GO’s role in photocatalytic and electrochemical degradation of organophosphates is discussed, demonstrating its multifunctionality as both an adsorbent and a catalytic support. Finally, challenges related to scalability, regeneration, and environmental safety of GO-based systems are examined, along with perspectives for future research aimed at developing sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technologies to mitigate the risks associated with neurotoxic organophosphates.

Contamination of water and soil with a wide range of pollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals, remains a significant environmental challenge. Carbon-based materials are widely recognized for their high adsorption capacity, chemical stability, and the possibility to tailor their surface and structural properties. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been explored as useful media and functionalization agents in the preparation of such materials. Their unique physicochemical properties can facilitate activation, influence pore structure, and introduce specific functional groups that improve interactions with target contaminants. This review summarizes recent developments in the use of ILs for the synthesis, modification, and regeneration of carbonaceous adsorbents. Particular attention is given to IL-assisted activation techniques, surface functionalization strategies, and reported improvements in adsorption performance. Key challenges, such as the environmental impact and cost of ILs, as well as prospects for developing more sustainable IL-based processes, are also discussed. Taken together, these findings highlight the relevance of IL-enabled carbon materials for practical adsorption processes, including water and wastewater treatment, selective pollutant removal, and regeneration-driven purification systems.