Counting mosquitoes in the wild is a crucial capability for monitoring, prediction, and control of vector-borne diseases. Current approaches are mainly manual, where specially designed mosquito traps or ovitraps are placed in areas of interest and recovered the next day. The counting itself is performed in an entomological laboratory, where individual mosquitoes are classified into species and counted. This process is costly, slow and inefficient. At the same time, mosquito counting is most relevant in tropical and sub-tropical countries, where mosquitoes spread deadly diseases like malaria, yellow fever and dengue fever. Many countries in these regions have relatively weak public health systems and so cannot support large-scale vector counting efforts. In this paper, we present a system architecture and a prototype to count mosquitoes in the wild with an Internet of Things approach. A sensor board is developed to gather audio data, and models are developed to detect, classify, and count mosquito species. Here, we present our prototype and an extensive background study of classifying mosquitoes based on sound recordings and some preliminary results and discussion.

A psychoacoustic auditory display for navigation in twodimensional space is presented. The auditory display is examined in an experiment with novice users. Trajectory analysis indicates that users were able to a) accurately find sonified targets b) analyze the sonification axis-by-axis c) integrate the sonified dimensions to approach the target on the shortest path. Techniques developed in this work appear to work equally well with three-dimensional coordinates.

This paper introduces an auditory display for short-range guidance tasks. It contains a psychoacoustically motivated sonification to map two orthogonal space dimensions to sound parameters that affect largely independent individual aspects of sound sensation. The sound parameters are frequency of chroma change and beating, and a controllable degree of inharmonicity, roughness, and noisiness. Additional sound elements are presented in additional auditory streams. This auditory display guides the user towards a target location by giving continuous monaural feedback. An experiment with 18 participants reveals that the auditory display is readily interpretable. The two dimensions can be distinguished, enabling users to reach the target axis-by-axis, and integrated to reach the target along the shortest path.