In the process of the electrification of the vehicle industry, an important issue is to adapt production to new technological solutions and to achieve a break-even point in the production costs of an electric vehicle in the short term compared to its traditional counterparts. By the end of 2020, 10 million electric cars were sold worldwide. In today’s globalized and crisis market realities, it is very difficult for state authorities to build a competitive advantage. Based on the concept of M.E. Porter, generating competitiveness does not take place at the macroeconomic, but at the mezzoeconomic level. The key purposes of this review paper are threefold: firstly, to identify the infrastructure for the production of electric cars (market size, resources) in some major Asian countries, including Indonesia; secondly, to identify the importance of FDI for Indonesia and the essence of their relations with China, and thirdly, to investigate whether Indonesia is able to build a competitive advantage in the form of a regional EV battery chain hub. The Indonesian government should ensure a more sizeable investment in lithium-ion battery production in order to complete a whole downstream supply chain, which includes the synthesis of the remaining high-quality battery materials.

Political support for active mobility is growing for many reasons, including land use planning, health, and improved mobility. As the vital part of many cities is their central area, decision-makers need to know what factors are essential for increasing walkability. This paper aims to identify the main factors affecting the walkability of the city centre of Gdynia (Poland). To achieve this, the research design was adjusted to the specificity of the local use case. Based on primary data collected via personal interviews, factor analysis was applied to rule out potential collinearity and reduce dimensions. Logistic regression models were then constructed. The results were compared with the research carried out in other cities. The results show that only two of the analysed factors are significant, namely accessibility and safety. Both are extensive categories and include many subcomponents that are influential among different groups of citizens. Our research also confirms that walkability is a city-specific issue that is influenced by many local factors.

In Poland, as in the rest of Europe, air quality depends primarily on emissions from municipal, domestic and road transport sources. The problems of appropriate air quality are especially important within urban areas due to numerous sources of emissions being concentrated in relatively small spaces in both large cities and small/medium-sized towns. Due to the steadily increasing share of urban population in the overall number of population, the issue of providing clean air will over the years become a more significant problem for human health, and therefore a stronger incentive to intensify research. The key challenge faced by a modern society is, therefore, to limit harmful substance emissions in order to minimise the contribution of transport to pollution and health hazards. Increasingly stringent emission standards are being imposed on car manufacturers; on the other hand, scant regard is paid to the issue of drivers, i.e. how they can help reduce emissions and protect their life and health by applying eco-driving rules.

The SME sector in Poland constitutes over 90% of all business entities. It is a broad market for insurance products. The choice of the insurer by these entrepreneurs is conditioned by several factors, including a beneficial image of the insurer, security in terms of its solvency, an attractive amount of the insurance premium or a wide insurance offer. The data comes from the study "SME finance 2015 - Insurance services market". Two research hypotheses were made for the purposes of the analysis. The first one assumes that the analysed factors are important when choosing the insurer by the SMEs. The second one indicates the selection of an adequate level of protection up to the level of risk occurrence. The results of the research show that PZU SA is the main insurer in Poland. At the same time, it is the most willingly selected SME among enterprises. In addition, two groups of clients were identified. The first one is characterised by the use of adequate protection measures in relation to the degree of risk occurrence. The other group applied relatively high or low degree of protection against small or high risk.