Background: The purposes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy are to tumor size to improve the tumor removal rate, extend survival, and prevent metastasis. In this study, the importance of CRP/albumin ratio and CEA/albumin ratio in the prediction of neoadjuvant treatment response in gastric cancer patients was evaluated. Methods: This study retrospectively included 135 gastric cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Çukurova University Balcalı Hospital between January 2018 and December 2023. Preoperative CRP/albumin and CEA/albumin ratios were compared according to treatment response and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the potential importance of these ratios in predicting pathological response. Results: The mean age of the 135 patients was 58.79 ± 10.83 (min = 26–max = 78). The CRP/albumin and CEA/albumin ratios were found to be significantly lower in patients who did not respond to neoadjuvant therapy. Each 1-unit increase in the CRP/albumin ratio was associated with a 1.16-fold decrease in the odds of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant therapy. Both CRP/albumin and CEA/albumin ratios were found to be significant in distinguishing neoadjuvant therapy response. The optimal cut-off value was 2.74 for the CRP/albumin ratio (sensitivity = 60%, specificity = 78.4%) and 1.40 for the CEA/albumin ratio (sensitivity = 74.2%, specificity = 67.6%). Values below these cut-off points favored neoadjuvant therapy response. Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant therapy was 4.75 times higher in patients with a CRP/albumin ratio below 2.74 and 5.14 times higher in patients with a CEA/albumin ratio below 1.40. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant treatment, CRP/Albumin and CEA/Albumin ratios are significant markers of pathological response.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features, while evaluating the frequency of MSI, and the survival rates in these patients in our patient group with MSI and microsatellite stabil (MSS) colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 146 patients who underwent colon resection between the years of 2014-2022. The expression of MSI status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The association of MSI status, presense of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor budding score with a patient’s survival was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Results: There were 104 (71.2%) MSS cases and, 42 (28.8%) MSI cases. 15 (10.3%) MSI tumors were found to be MSI-low, and 27 (18.5%) to be MSI-high. MSI tumors were significantly associated with younger patients (<50), earlier stage (T1-T2), right localization, lower rate of lymph node metastasis, presence of mucinous component and TILs response. The Cox-regression model revealed TILs, tumor budding score, and MSI are variables that significantly affect survival. The presence of TILs exhibited a protective effect (Hazard ratio (HR)=0.446), which decreased the mortality risk by 2.24 times for the follow-up period, while the presence of high TBS increased the risk of mortality by HR=3.22. Conclusion: This study revealed that patients with MSI CRCs may show unique clinicopathological features and should be evaluated using some guiding parameters that will improve survival.

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether platelet indices were affected in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Method: 11 patients (10 female, 1 male) with HT and 26 subjects with nodular goiters (19 female, 7 male) selected as control group were included in the study. All cases were examined for complete blood count parameters (leukocyte count, neutrophil count and percentage, lymphocyte count and percentage, platelet count, plateletcrit, platelet distribution width (PDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV)). Results: Leukocyte count, neutrophil count and percentage, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, plateletcrit, and MPV in the patient group were not statistically different from the control group. Lymphocyte count and PDW were significantly higher in patients with HT than in the control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with HT have higher PDW levels. Increased PDW in HT may be helpful in diagnosis, floow-up, and prognosis of the disease.

Organ transplantation extends life expectancy; however, tacrolimus, a key immunosuppressant, carries risks of nephrotoxicity. This study explores dexpanthenol's potential to protect against tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity. This study was conducted using 30 male Wistar-Albino rats (aged 4 months, weighing 250-300 g), randomly divided into four groups. The control group received 0.5 cc of saline solution (SF) once daily, the TAC group received 0.4 mg/kg tacrolimus, the DEX group received 500 mg/kg dexpanthenol, and the TAC + DEX group received 0.4 mg/kg tacrolimus and 500 mg/kg dexpanthenol intraperitoneally. Biochemical parameters and kidney damage were assessed on day 14, with tissues examined by blinded pathologists using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The effects of tacrolimus on oxidative balance and the potential protective properties of dexpanthenol were investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 software, with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant. No significant differences were found between the groups for TAS (p = 0.827), TOS (p = 0.596), OSI (p = 0.575), SOD (p = 0.952), and NO (p = 0.365) values. However, significant differences were observed in IL-6 (p = 0.008), CRP (p = 0.034), TNF-alpha (p = 0.014), TGF-β (p = 0.012), MDA (p = 0.001), urea(p = 0.005), and creatinine (p = 0.002) levels. Pathological examination revealed significant findings in Bowman capsule expansion (p = 0.003), the presence of mitosis (p = 0.005), vasa recta leukocyte infiltration (VRLI) (p = 0.007), tubular regeneration (p = 0.004), tubular dilation (p = 0.003), tubular necrosis (p = 0.048), cast formation (p = 0.020), and loss of the brush border (p = 0.019). The only parameter without a significant difference among the groups was interstitial inflammation (p = 0.559). This study shows that dexpanthenol provides limited protection against tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity and requires further validation.

(1) Background: The introduction of novel therapies has led to a considerable evolution in the management of Multiple Myeloma, and chromosomal abnormalities predict the success of treatment. We aimed to characterize cytogenetic abnormalities for risk stratification in the patient population and to evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of the specified abnormalities in distinct treatment modalities. (2) Methods: This study included patients with Multiple Myeloma who applied to the Internal Medicine Clinic of the Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine. Between 2010 and 2023, 98 cases with cytogenetic abnormality data were identified. We analysed the effects of cytogenetic abnormalities on survival and response rates to first chemotherapies. (3) Results: P53 del was the most prevalent abnormality, and t(11;14) was the most common translocation. There was no significant difference in the mean survival and treatment response rates for specific cytogenetic abnormalities. When chemotherapies based on lenalidomide were initiated, patients’ life-death statuses differed significantly from those of treatments without lenalidomide. Regardless of the type of chromosomal aberration, lenalidomide-based treatments independently enhanced average survival 14-fold, while there was no significant difference in overall survival among treatments. (4) Conclusions: In individuals with cytogenetic abnormalities, lenalidomide-based treatments should be started regardless of the chemotherapy to be used for the condition.

Background and Objectives: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and characterized by a triple-negative phenotype. While immune checkpoint inhibition shows promise, the prognostic significance and distribution of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression within the heterogeneous architecture of MBC remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression and the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to clarify their roles in patient stratification and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 48 MBC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2025. PD-L1 expression was quantified using the Combined Positive Score (CPS) with the 22C3 antibody clone across diverse histological components. The density of stromal TILs density was assessed following internationally standardized guidelines. Clinical outcomes and clinicopathological parameters, including metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and histological subtype were correlated with biomarker status using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: PD-L1 positivity (CPS ≥1) was identified in 72.9/% of cases, one of the highest rates documented in literature. Notably, an inverse relationship was observed with PD-L1 negative tumors exhibited significantly higher rates of distant metastasis (46.2% vs. 17.1%; p=0.039). Multivariate analysis confirmed that low density of TILs (HR=9.66; p=0.016), metastasis (HR=4.40; p=0.023), and the presence of LVI (HR=3.84; p=0.047) were strong independent predictors of mortality. While PD-L1 status alone did not directly dictate overall survival, mean overall survival was markedly reduced in the low TILs cohort (32.2 months) compared to the high TILs group (114.2 months). Conclusion: The high prevalence of PD-L1 expression supports routine screening for immunotherapy eligibility in MBC. Our findings suggest that PD-L1 negative cases represent a high-risk biological subset driven by alternative immune evasion mechanisms. Integrating TILs density with conventional pathological parameters provides a more robust prognostic framework, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies for this challenging malignancy.