Cognitive dysfunction and depressive symptoms are common and closely related mental health issues in older people, significantly affecting their quality of life and social functioning. Nutritional factors play a key role in preventing and managing these conditions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional status and depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in older people. Data from 126 participants aged 65 and older with chronic neurological disorders, recruited from nursing homes in Izmir, Turkey (January 2023-February 2023), were used in this cross-sectional study. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-30 and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used to assess depression and malnutrition, respectively. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk of depression among malnourished people and to measure the risk of malnutrition among depressed people. Data collection was conducted prospectively through random, face-to-face interviews in nursing homes. The average age of the participants in the study group was 77.05 ± 5.68 years, with a median age of 76.0 years. A statistically significant difference was observed between the median GDS score and the median age across MNA score categories (p < 0.05). The risk of malnutrition was roughly 10 times higher in patients with dementia (OR = 10.22, 95% CI: 4.33–24.11). The results show a strong association between depression and malnutrition in older people. Malnutrition is a common occurrence among older people, and age is a significant risk factor. Similarly, depression is more common among older people living in nursing homes, and increasing age also raises depression levels. Therefore, future research should focus on conducting randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to confirm the effectiveness of nutritional interventions and oral nutritional supplements in treating depression and improving cognitive function.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) reflect systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the process of treating ischemic strokes. Few studies have evaluated the association between blood biomarkers and clinical outcomes in ischemic strokes in intensive care units (ICUs). This retrospective study aims to explore the relationship between blood biomarkers and the clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Basic descriptive statistics of the patients admitted to the ICU with the diagnosis of AIS according to sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory findings were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff point for NLR and MPV variables based on the diagnosis in statistical analyses and crosstab analyses of variables. The χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the statistical relationship between categorical variables. In addition, the odds ratio (OR) was utilized to show the strength of the relationship between the categorical NLR, MPV and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) variables. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the medians of 2 independent groups. A total of 1,379 records were identified in the database search. Eighty-seven patients who met the inclusion criteria and were hospitalized in the ICU were included in the study. The optimal cutoff point was determined to be 4.0 for NLR and 9.0 for the MPV. A statistically significant relationship was found between high medians of the NLR and the MPV and unfavorable functional outcomes using a 5% significance level (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). We showed that the NLR and MPV are associated with stroke severity, unfavorable functional outcomes and mortality in AIS. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms and treatment strategies of AIS. The results show that these accessible values can be used as independent predictive biomarkers.

Introduction: Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a focal dystonia that can lead to functional blindness in older adults. While botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is widely utilized in the treatment of BEB, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the optimal injection technique. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes and measurable scales associated with injections into the orbicularis oculi muscle at the pars pretarsalis (PPT) and pars preseptalis (PPS) regions, assessing their efficacy and side effects.Methods: The study included 32 patients diagnosed with BEB. Two injection techniques utilizing onabotulinum toxin type-A—PPT and PPS—were compared. The modified Jankovic Scale (mJS) was used to assess the clinical severity and frequency of blepharospasm. At the same time, the Blepharospasm Disability Scale evaluated the associated disabilities. The Schirmer I test was used to assess dry eye symptoms post-BoNT administration. Adverse effects were self-reported, and participants were examined at 1- and 3-month follow-up.Results: Both injection techniques resulted in significant improvements in the mJS severity and frequency scores, as well as the Blepharospasm Disability Scale (p < 0.05). Notably, improvements in ocular dryness were particularly pronounced at the 1-month mark (p < 0.05). The PPT injection technique displayed a superior safety profile, with the total number of adverse events statistically greater in the PPS group compared to the PPT group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: BoNT injections through both PPT and PPS techniques are effective in treating BEB in older adults. However, the PPT technique demonstrates a lower incidence of adverse events, rendering it a preferable choice for clinicians managing BEB.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de çalışan nörologların nöroimmünolojik hastalıklara yaklaşım motivasyonlarını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çoktan seçmeli bir anket olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmaya 72 nörolog dahil edildi. Anket yoluyla toplanan veriler analiz edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriteri; nörolog olmak, mesleğini aktif olarak sürdürme olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan nörologların %65,3’ü (n=47) kadın, %34,7’si (n=25) erkekti. Nörologların %27,8’i (n=20) Eğitim-Araştırma/Şehir hastanesi, %26,4’ü (n=19) Özel hastane/poliklnik, %25’i (n=18) ikinci basamak, %20,8’i (n=15) üniversite hastanesinde çalışmaktaydı. Myastenia Gravis tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar ve tedaviler hakkında yeterli bilgi ve deneyimi olduğunu düşünen nörologların oranı %70,8 (n=51), bu oran Multipl skleroz için %66,7(n=48), İnflamatuvar/immun nöropatiler için %61,1(n=44)’dir. Tüm hasta grupları için tanı, tedavi ve takip süreçlerinin nörologlarca sürdürülmek istenmemesinin en önemli nedenleri teknik yetersizlikler ve Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’nun (SGK) raporlama ve geri ödeme ile ilgili kısıtlılıklarıdır. Sonuç: Nörologların çoğunluğu nöroimmünolojik hastalıklar konusunda yeterli eğitim almaktadır. Özellikle SGK uygulamaları ve hastanelerdeki aşırı iş yükü ve teknik yetersizlikler takip motivasyonunu azaltan en önemli nedenlerdir.

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) was first recognized by Collier in 1932 as a clinical triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia. In 1956, three cases with this triad were published by Miller Fisher as a limited variant of Guillian-Barré syndrome (GBS), and the disease started to be called by his name. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there have been many reports of peripheral and central nervous system involvement. Until December 2022, a total of 24 cases, including four children associated with MFS, had been reported. This current review aimed to present the basic clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with MFS and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Since 2020, cases with different age and gender characteristics have been reported from eight different countries. Most cases were reported from Europe. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in seven of the cases. The youngest case reported was a 6-year-old boy from Turkey, while the oldest case was a 70-year-old female from Spain. All these reported cases and our past medical knowledge of MFS suggest that molecular mimicry is the main immunological mechanism. Despite all these data, more case reports, cohorts, and case-control studies will be needed to clarify the relationship between MFS and COVID-19.

Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) was first recognized by James Collier in 1932 as a clinical triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia. In 1956, three cases with this triad were published by Charles Miller Fisher as a limited variant of Guillian-Barré syndrome (GBS), and the disease started to be called by his name. Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, there have been many reports of peripheral and central nervous system involvement. Until December 2022, a total of 23 cases including two children associated with MFS had been reported. In this article, we present a case of SARS-CoV-2 with classic triad clinical findings, which started with the atypical clinic at an early age. Electrophysiological studies of the case were found to be consistent with sensory axonal polyneuropathy. AntiGQ1b antibody IgG and IgM were negative. The case was spontaneously remitted without IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange (PE) treatment. A current review of the literature is presented with the smallest pediatric case reported. Based on this case, it was planned to emphasize the targets and highlights in the diagnostic parameters.