This work investigates the hybrid fiber sequence effect on the flexural and impact properties of basalt/carbon epoxy composites. In the present study, six configurations of composite laminates were fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin transfer method and tested in three-point bending and Charpy impact tests. The results show that hybrid composites outperform pure basalt or carbon laminates. The maximum flexural strength and modulus, such as in [C₂B₄C₂], were realized for the configurations with carbon fibers on the outer layers because of the rigidity of carbon. However, higher energy absorption was offered by the basalt-rich composites because of their ductility. Among the hybrids, a balanced stacking sequence like [C₄B₄] and [B₂C₄B₂] showed an optimum between stiffness and toughness. Flexural modulus was maximum at 12.1 GPa for carbon-dominant layers, whereas impact resistance was maximum for alternating hybrid layers at 120 kJ/m². SEM analysis revealed that the dominant mechanisms of failure were delamination at the fiber–matrix interface and fiber pull-out, while the stacking order was critical regarding stress distribution. Hybridization also increased cost-performance metrics by a factor of 40%, as basalt fibers reduced the cost while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties. These results prove the potential of basalt-carbon hybrid for applications requiring high strength, impact resistance, and economic efficiency.

Multilevel inverters (MLI) are popular in high-power applications. MLIs are generally configured to have switches reduced by switching techniques that eliminate low-order harmonics. The selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method, which significantly reduces the number of switching, determines the optimal switching moments to obtain the desired output voltage and eliminates the desired harmonic components. To solve the SHE problem, classical methods are primarily employed. The disadvantages of such methods are the high probability of trapping in locally optimal solutions and their dependence on initial controlling parameters. One solution to overcome this problem is the use of metaheuristic algorithms. In this study, firstly, 22 metaheuristic algorithms with different sources of inspiration were used to solve the SHE problem at different levels of MLIs, and their performances were extensively analyzed. To reveal the method that offers the best solution, these algorithms were first applied to an 11-level MLI circuit, and six methods were determined as a result of the performance analysis. As a result of the evaluation, the outstanding methods were SPBO, BMO, GA, GWO, MFO, and SPSA. As a result of the application of superior methods to 7-, 11-, 15-, and 19-level MLIs according to the IEEE 519—2014 standard, it has been shown that BMO outperforms in 7-level MLI, GA in 11-level MLI, and SPBO in 15- and 19-level MLIs in terms of THD, while in terms of output voltage quality, GA in 7-level MLI, BMO in 11-level MLI, GA and SPSA in 15-level MLI, and SPSA in 19-level MLI come forward.

This study fixates on determining the optimum laser input parameters that simultaneously meet the desired kerf width and depth during CO2 laser cutting of various polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sheets. It has three contributions. The first is to model the cutting process of PMMA by polynomial curve fitting as a function of laser power, laser speed, and standoff distance. R-squared (R²), adjusted R² and root-mean-square error (RMSE) criteria were taken into account to measure the performance of the proposed model. The effect of laser parameters on the process is investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and sensitivity analysis. The second is to optimize the derived nonlinear regression models using genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and ant lion optimization (ALO) metaheuristic methods and compare the performances of the algorithms. The third is to compare the adequacy of the optimization process with the artificial neural network (ANN). The investigations exhibited that the best-fitting polynomials are obtained with the R² and adjusted R² values of over 99% and 97%, respectively. ANOVA and sensitivity test revealed that the sensitivity of the laser power, which is the most effective parameter, was 150 at low powers and decreased to 0 as the power value increased. When the nozzle distance is 4.1, the proposed metaheuristics gave effective and sufficiently accurate results. PSO stood out in terms of both best cost value (3.49 × 10^–8) and relative error value (0.19%). The relative error of the ANN was found as 3% in terms of kerf depth.

This study looks at how erosive wear affects hybrid composites made by vacuum infusing glass and basalt fibers into an epoxy matrix. The study uses garnet abrasives and a design experiment method to test how resistant these hybrid composites are to erosion at 30°, 60°, and 90° angles of impact. The analysis included three‐dimensional profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that glass layers enhance erosion resistance, whereas basalt layers increase wear. Key quantitative findings include erosion rates and mass loss, highlighting impingement angle and erosion time as critical factors. At a 30° angle, basalt exhibited more severe wear (erosion rate: 0.8090 mg/g for 20 s) compared to glass (erosion rate: 0.5683 mg/g). Conversely, at 90°, the erosion rate for basalt decreased to 0.3643 mg/g, indicating a decreased sensitivity to this steeper angle. According to the ANOVA, impingement angle and erosion time account for 30.08% and 50.25% of the erosion rate variance, respectively. These findings advance our understanding of material behavior in hybrid composites and emphasize the strategic selection and layering of materials for enhanced durability. This research contributes to developing more sustainable composites, demonstrating natural fibers' potential to improve mechanical properties and erosion resistance.Highlights: Glass layers enhance durability against erosive forces in hybrid composites. Basalt layers accelerate erosion rates, showing a need for strategic layering. Glass fiber reinforcement significantly improves wear performance. Hybrid constructions with glass a top basalt balance flexibility and durability. Emphasizes eco‐friendly advantages of natural materials in composites.