In this article, we provide an in-depth analysis of the different causes of food fraud, food safety, and food waste, which are recognized as the main challenges in agri-food supply chains. Leveraging technologies like blockchain- and IoT-enabled traceability systems presents promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Using the PRISMA methodology, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of 41 selected articles to assess the effectiveness of such solutions. The findings reveal that only 48% target primarily improved food safety, while food waste (9%) and food fraud (21%) played a less important role. Only a few papers actively incorporate these attributes into their architectural design and many papers lack practical implementation details, leaving significant gaps in understanding their practical applicability. One finding was that 61% of the proposed solution were build on a public permissionless blockchain (Ethereum) and 39% where build on a permissioned private or consortium blockchain (mainly Hyperledger Fabric and Sawtooth). Critical aspects such as data privacy, confidentiality, final infrastructure governance, or legal frameworks are in most cases missing, e.g., 75% did not discuss the governance of the solution at all. To address the identified limitations, we propose a modular reference architecture that balances transparency and confidentiality through a hybrid blockchain approach. It incorporates a trusted platform layer with secure data storage, publicly verifiable summaries, and role-based access control. The architecture is illustrated through multiple use cases and qualitatively evaluated against characteristics of existing solutions, highlighting its conceptual suitability for regulated agri-food ecosystems.

Exposure to the Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) generated from cellular antennas is a topic of importance, and even more so since the arrival of 5G and the promise of a future with denser deployments. In this paper, we describe the planning and execution of EMF measurements in Luxembourg and the lessons learned from that process. We describe the specifics of Luxembourg, how the pilot sites as well as the measuring devices have been selected. We also discuss the results of the measurements from fixed and mobile devices, with regard to the regulatory limits. Finally, we describe the facts that limit the short-term deployment of devices and the difficulties to measure 5G exposition. All the datasets collected for this study are proposed as open-source format.

In this article, we propose an architecture that allows to exchange messages or data via a blockchain solution, while keeping the business process independent from the concrete blockchain. The project is the consequence of a need to have fast development of a blockchain based proof of concept that shows the feasibility of a business process, while knowing that in a future step the underlying blockchain solution has to be replaced for reasons of licensing or maximal data throughput. This is done by providing an architecture on base of layers, similar to the OSI-model, and encapsulates the used blockchain within a wrapper layer that covers all blockchain specific properties and only provides a transparent view on the reading or writing from and to the blockchain. The higher layers re-implement point-to-point communication and introduce confidentiality by the use of encryption techniques. The architecture has been tested and proven by implementing two different blockchain solutions that are shielded by specific wrapper layer implementations. This wrapper layer is responsible for the fragmentation of the sent data and their encapsulation into the concrete blockchain solution. The reconstruction of the data takes care of the data fragments being sent potentially out of order or being incomplete. A payload layer is introduced to provide point-to-point communication and to embed the main message inside a message structure. In collaboration with underlying layer it identifies for which message one is not the addressee and allow the underling layer to stop collecting unnecessary data. A crypto-layer finally provides ways of encrypting messages for one or many recipients. Having fixed layers not only allows to replace the underlying blockchain solution but also to extend or replace the other layers in case new security features or optimized protocols need to embedded. The proposed solution does not allow to use specific features like smart contracts and only provides undeniable tamper-proofed existence of a sent message.

The estimation of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) exposure is critical for evaluating the potential health risks associated with wireless network implementation. With the advent of new communication technologies, such as 5G and 6G, new methodologies are required. Indeed, higher frequency ranges are being studied, necessitating an increased number of base stations for service provision. In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology for EMF estimation in 5G mobile networks. We also evaluate common scenarios that mobile network operators frequently encounter, resulting in additional exposure, such as interference, overpropagation, and the presence of other users. Our approach is validated through a combination of simulated values and real data collected from sensors deployed in the field. Finally, a digital twin approach is proposed to combine the simulated values with the real data obtained from radio frequency sensors. The scenario is deployed in Belval, Luxembourg.

An important problem of prediction algorithms is the treatment of document aging and the change in user request behavior. This paper proposes a possibility to model time in a standard prediction scenario and analyses the results in a test environment. The knowledge of characteristics in the generated test sessions is also applied to real user logs to determine explicit values of implicit access log information. With this technique, client server communication on the Internet should be improved.

Reliable data availability and transparent governance are fundamental requirements for distributed edge-to-cloud systems that must operate across multiple administrative domains. Conventional cloud-centric architectures centralize control and storage, creating bottlenecks and limiting autonomous collaboration at the network edge. This paper introduces a decentralized governance and service-management framework that leverages Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) and Decentralized Applications (DApps) to to govern and orchestrate verifiable, tamper-resistant, and continuously accessible data exchange between heterogeneous edge and cloud components. By embedding blockchain-based smart contracts within swarm-enabled edge infrastructures, the approach enables automated decision-making, auditable coordination, and fault-tolerant data sharing without relying on trusted intermediaries. The proposed OASEES framework demonstrates how DAO-driven orchestration can enhance data availability and accountability in real-world scenarios, including energy grid balancing, structural safety monitoring, and predictive maintenance of wind turbines. Results highlight that decentralized governance mechanisms enhance transparency, resilience, and trust, offering a scalable foundation for next-generation edge-to-cloud data ecosystems.