(1) Background: Idiopathic scoliosis can be defined as a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk, which occurs in basically healthy children. Schroth scoliosis-specific exercises have shown good results in reducing idiopathic scoliosis progression. This study aimed to critically evaluate the effect size of Schroth’s method through a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2) Methods: Four databases were included in the search: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: “Schroth exercise”, “idiopathic scoliosis”, “Cobb angle”, “angle of trunk rotation”, and “quality of life”. Only articles written in English that met the following criteria were included in our study: subjects who had idiopathic scoliosis, the Schroth method was applied, and Cobb angle or angle of trunk rotation or quality of life as outcomes. (3) Results: Ten randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The effect size of the Schroth exercise ranged from almost moderate to large, for the outcomes used: Cobb angle (ES = −0.492, p ˂ 0.005); ATR (ES = −0.471, p = 0.013); QoL (ES = 1.087, p ˂ 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The current meta-analysis indicates that the Schroth method has a positive effect on subjects with idiopathic scoliosis.

Lumbar lordosis is one of the most important parts of the spine, which is of special importance due to its unique position and direct contact with the pelvis. The aim of this study was to combine the results of several studies and to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of different Lumbar lordotic angle correction programs through meta-analysis. This study has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. Four databases were searched for articles collection: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The key search terms were: “Lumbar Lordotic angle”, “Lordosis”, “Hyperlordosis”, “Corrective exercise”, and “Low back pain. “The articles included in our study were limited to original articles written only in English that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) participants with lumbar lordosis or hyperlordosis or low back pain; (2) different programs of corrective exercises were applied; (3) Lumbar lordotic angle used as outcome measures. Ten studies are included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The effect size for the Lumbar lordotic angle outcome was (SMD = 0.550, p ˂ 0.001, moderate effect size). Subgroup analysis for Lumbar lordotic angle: Subgroup Younger group (SMD = 0.640, p ˂ 0.001), Subgroup Older group, (SMD = 0.520, p ˂ 0.001). Subgroup Treatment (SMD = 0.527, p ˂ 0.001), Subgroup No treatment (SMD = 0.577, p = 0.002). This was the only outcome assessed in our analysis. The current meta-analysis indicates that different correction methods have a positive effect on subjects with lumbar lordosis or hyperlordosis. In the following research, we should try to determine which corrective methods have the best effects.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the conservative Schroth method in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A total of 34 respondents, 24 male and 10 female, aged between 11 and 16 years, participated in the research. The study was a single-blind randomized trial, in which subjects were divided into control and experimental groups by stratified randomization according to the stratum of the Cobb angle. The control group performed the Schroth method at home without the supervision of Schroth therapists, while the experimental group performed the Schroth method under the supervision of Schroth therapists three times a week for 90 min over eight weeks. Initial and final outcome measurements were performed: Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation, vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in forced vital capacity, and chest expansion. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in all measured outcomes in the experimental group, while no statistically significant changes were recorded in the control group. The Cobb angle decreased by 2.12°, while ATR decreased by 2.88°; VC increased by 0.15 L, FVC by 0.13 L, FEV1 by 0.1 L, and CE increased by 0.78 cm. Conclusions: The application of an eight-week therapy program using Schroth method by subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis had statistically significant changes in all measured outcomes in the group that was supervised by Schroth’s therapists, while there was no statistically significant improvement in the group that applied therapy at home without supervision.

Background: Chronic low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide, necessitating effective interventions to alleviate pain and improve function. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of stabilization exercises for pain relief and disability reduction in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Randomized controlled trials evaluating stabilization exercises for chronic low back pain were included. Subgroup analyses were performed based on treatment duration, type of pain (specific vs. non-specific), study quality, and exercise type. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences (SMD), and evidence quality was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results: A total of 23 studies involving 1132 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that longer treatment durations (8–12 weeks) showed the strongest effects on pain reduction (SMD = −0.88) and disability improvement (SMD = −0.85). For pain type, non-specific low back pain responded better (SMD = −0.81 for pain, −0.73 for disability) compared to specific LBP (SMD = −0.61 and −0.42, respectively). The 6-week duration also demonstrated moderate effects (SMD = −0.72 for pain). Core stability exercises had superior pain reduction (SMD = −0.90, large effect) compared to spinal stability exercises (SMD = −0.57), while spinal stability exercises showed higher-quality evidence for disability improvement (SMD = −0.56, high-quality) versus core stability (SMD = −0.62, low-quality). Conclusion: Stabilization exercises are a highly effective intervention for chronic low back pain, offering significant pain relief and functional improvement. They outperform other common interventions and should be prioritized in clinical practice, particularly in longer-duration, supervised programs. These findings provide strong evidence to guide treatment protocols and improve outcomes for patients with chronic low back pain.

Background/Aim. Vision and health problems associated with the use of computers and other digital devices are known as computer vision syndrome (CVS). Advances in technology have led to increased use of computers, so the prevalence of these symptoms is increasing. The aim of this study was to calculate the overall prevalence of CVS and CVS symptoms using meta-analysis. Methods. The study was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. In July 2021, a systematic search of four electronic databases with article collections was performed: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The key search terms were: ?computer vision syndrome?, ?computer users?, ?digital eyestrain?, ?headache?, ?dry eyes?, ?red eyes?, ?eyestrain?, ?neck pain?, ?back pain?, and ?shoulder pain?. The articles included in the study had to be original articles written in English only, and the criterion that had to be met was that the research included computer users. As a result, the prevalence of CVS or the prevalence of any of the symptoms of CVS had to be measured. Results. A total of 43 articles were fully reviewed, of which 20 were included in the meta-analysis. The total calculated prevalence for all studies was 74.4%, while the prevalence for individual symptoms was: headache ? 43%, dry eyes ? 24.4%, eyestrain ? 29%, red eyes ? 20.7%, and neck, back, or shoulder pain ? 46.3%. Conclusion. The results obtained are worrying and point to the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to solving CVS-related problems.

Introduction. Kyphosis is a deformity of the spine characterized by excessive backward curvature of the thoracic spine. The normal range of thoracic kyphosis in teenagers is 20 - 40 degrees, and the diagnosis of hyper-kyphosis is beyond 45 degrees. The aim of this review was to assess the magnitude of the effects of various corrective exercises on kyphotic angle reduction. Material and Methods. The Web of Science and PubMed were searched to retrieve relevant literature. Ten studies were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Results. The magnitude of the effects of corrective exercises on the kyphotic angle correction was estimated and the results showed a statistical significance in standardized mean difference (-0.504, P < 0.001). The analysis of the subgroups regarding the age showed a heterogeneity that was not statistically significant and the magnitude of the effects in different age groups. Conclusion. The results of our meta-analysis may be useful to many physiotherapists and clinicians in solving problems in patients with kyphosis and hyper-kyphosis.