Through a systematic review of publications in reputed peer-reviewed journals, this paper investigates the role of blockchain technology in sustainable supply chain management. It uses the What, Who, Where, When, How, and Why (5W+1H) pattern to formulate research objectives and questions. The review considers publications since 2015, and it includes 187 papers published in 2017, 2018, 2019, and the early part of 2020, since no significant publications were found in the year 2015 or 2016 on this subject. It proposes a reusable classification framework—emerging technology literature classification level (ETLCL) framework—based on grounded theory and the technology readiness level for conducting literature reviews in various focus areas of an emerging technology. Subsequently, the study uses ETLCL to classify the literature on our focus area. The results show traceability and transparency as the key benefits of applying blockchain technology. They also indicate a heightened interest in blockchain-based information systems for sustainable supply chain management starting since 2017. This paper offers invaluable insights for managers and leaders who envision sustainability as an essential component of their business. The findings demonstrate the disruptive power and role of blockchain-based information systems. Given the relative novelty of the topic and its scattered literature, the paper helps practitioners examining its various aspects by directing them to the right information sources.

This study explores the determinants of the intention to adopt blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises. Different from existing studies that advocate the use of socio-technical theory for blockchain technologies, we develop a new theoretical framework, called “SOS,” based on a review of the existing literature. This is an adaptation of the technology–organization–environment framework that examines the measures and scales from socio-technical, organizational, and sustainability contexts. We use ADANCO 2.3.2 for variance-based structural equation modeling. The results show that two of the nine hypotheses are negatively significant, while the rest are positive. In our context, social sustainability and computer self-efficacy are strongly negatively significant for the adoption intention of blockchain technology in our context. Software quality and environmental sustainability are strongly positively significant. Meanwhile, collaboration, economic sustainability, and relative advantage mediated by experience are positively significant. Our study contributes to the literature by offering a new theoretical framework, fresh insights from the Indian industry, and several recommendations to practitioners.

This article studies the adoption of blockchain technology in Indian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in the context of innovations in supply chain management (SCM) using blockchain technology. Besides finance, SCM is one of the main areas where disruptive innovations based on blockchain technology are going to be deployed. Blockchain technology’s unique proposition lies in the attributes of trust, transparency, traceability, immutability, and decentralization. MSME’s form the backbone of the Indian economy. This article provides a socio-technical factors-based analysis of the adoption of blockchain technology in Indian MSME, particularly in a SCM context. Sustainability is an important variable that is expected to moderate the relationship between socio-technical factors and large-scale adoption. The relationships are tested via a survey of professionals in MSMEs in India who are both familiar with blockchain technology and sustainable SCM. This study shall offer a deeper understanding of the application of socio-technical systems theory for the adoption of blockchain technologies by MSMEs in India.