Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is biologically heterogeneous, and immune-linked variation may be associated with differences in tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism. Here, we report a targeted urinary profile of KP metabolites, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and neopterin in a Bulgarian pediatric ASD cohort to describe within-cohort patterns and associations. Methods: Second-morning, acid-stabilized spot urine was collected from 73 children with ASD in Bulgaria (3–13 years; 57 males; 16 females). No contemporaneous neurotypical control group was enrolled; therefore, laboratory-provided reference limits are reported only as contextual benchmarks and are not interpreted as ASD-specific abnormalities. Tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), quinolinic acid (QUIN), NAD, and neopterin were quantified and derived indices were computed (KYN/TRP × 1000; QUIN/KYNA). Non-parametric statistics, Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction, and Spearman correlation analyses were applied. Results: Neopterin was strongly associated with QUIN and KYN in creatinine-normalized data (QUIN: ρ = 0.59, q36 = 2.64 × 10⁻⁷; KYN: ρ = 0.54, q36 = 3.69 × 10⁻⁶); these associations persisted when reconstructed as absolute concentrations (e.g., QUIN_abs: ρ = 0.68, q36 = 2.69 × 10⁻¹⁰) and after partial Spearman correlation controlling for spot creatinine (partial ρ = 0.46, q = 2.52 × 10⁻⁴). One NAD value was <LOQ and was imputed as ½LOQ; sensitivity analyses did not materially change inference. Conclusions: In this ASD-only cross-sectional dataset, urinary neopterin levels co-varied with urinary KYN and QUIN and with KP indices. Clinical interpretation and causal inference require controlled and longitudinal studies with richer covariate capture.

Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is biologically heterogeneous, and immune-linked variation may coincide with differences in tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism. Here, we report a targeted urinary profile of KP metabolites, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and neopterin in a Bulgarian pediatric ASD cohort to describe within-cohort patterns and associations. Methods: Second-morning, acid-stabilized spot urine was collected from 73 children with ASD in Bulgaria (3–13 years; 57 males; 16 females). No contemporaneous neurotypical control group was enrolled; therefore, laboratory-provided reference limits are reported only as contextual benchmarks and are not interpreted as ASD-specific abnormalities. Tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), quinolinic acid (QUIN), NAD, and neopterin were quantified and derived indices were computed (KYN/TRP × 1000; QUIN/KYNA). Non-parametric statistics, Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction, and Spearman correlation analyses were applied. Results: Neopterin was strongly associated with QUIN and KYN in creatinine-normalized data (QUIN: ρ = 0.59, q36 = 2.64 × 10-7; KYN: ρ = 0.54, q36 = 3.69 × 10-6); these associations persisted when reconstructed as absolute concentrations (e.g., QUIN_abs: ρ = 0.68, q36 = 2.69 × 10-10) and after partial Spearman correlation controlling for spot creatinine (partial ρ = 0.46, q = 2.52 × 10-4). One NAD value was <LOQ and was imputed as ½LOQ; sensitivity analyses did not materially change inference. Conclusions: In this ASD-only cross-sectional dataset, urinary neopterin levels co-varied with urinary KYN and QUIN and with KP indices. Clinical interpretation and causal inference require controlled and longitudinal studies with richer covariate capture.

This Data Descriptor presents an anonymized, shuffled dataset of creatinine-normalized urinary metabolite measurements from 73 Bulgarian children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), released to support reuse in secondary analyses and cross-cohort comparisons. The public release represents a pathway-oriented 24-marker subset from a broader urinary diagnostic panel, assembled as a self-contained resource for investigators working in these metabolic domains. Spot urine results are provided as individual-level values after creatinine normalization; for trimethylamine, values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) were replaced with LOQ/2. The deposit contains measurements for 24 urinary markers grouped into three functional classes (neurotransmitters and aromatic amino acid precursors; one-carbon/methylation and vitamin-related metabolites; and energy metabolism/organic acids with microbiome-related amines). The underlying cohort comprised children aged 3–13 years, and no contemporaneous neurotypical control group was enrolled. Second-morning, midstream, acid-stabilized spot urine samples were collected within the provider’s workflow; metabolites were measured by LC–MS/MS, and spot urinary creatinine was measured enzymatically for normalization. The release includes the results table in both XLSX and CSV formats, a reference limits and units file for contextual interpretation, a data dictionary, a README, a changelog, and SHA-256 checksums for integrity verification. The public files contain de-identified analytical variables only and omit individual-level demographics, dates, standalone urinary creatinine, and richer clinical metadata to preserve anonymity.

This Data Descriptor presents an anonymized, shuffled dataset of creatinine-normalized urinary metabolite measurements from 73 Bulgarian children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), released to support reuse in secondary analyses and cross-cohort comparisons. Spot urine results are provided as individual-level values after creatinine normalization; for trimethylamine, values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) were replaced with LOQ/2. The deposit contains measurements for 24 urinary markers grouped into three functional classes (neurotransmitters and aromatic amino acid precursors; one-carbon/methylation and vitamin-related metabolites; and energy metabolism/organic acids with microbiome-related amines). The release includes the results table in both XLSX and CSV formats, a reference limits and units file for contextual interpretation, a data dictionary, a README, a changelog, and SHA-256 checksums for integrity verification. Cohort-level demographics and additional sampling details are described in the companion publication cited in the main text. Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18614881 Dataset License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.