The integrated monitoring system of water quality is eminently reliant on water quality trend data. This study aims to obtain water quality patterns related to land-use change over a periodic observation in the Opak sub-watershed, Indonesia, both from a seasonal and spatial point of view. Landsat image data from 2013 to 2020 and water quality data comprising 25 parameters were compiled and analyzed. This study observed that land use remarkably correlated to water quality, especially the building area representing the dense population and various anthropogenic activities, to pollute the water sources. Three types of pollutant sources were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), including domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities, which all influenced the variance in river water quality. The use of spatiotemporal-based and multivariate analysis was to interpret water quality trend data, which can help the stakeholders to monitor pollution and take control in the Opak sub-watershed. The results investigated 17 out of 25 water quality parameters, which showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream during the observation time. The concentration of biological oxygen demand over five days (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, sulfide, phenol, phosphate, oil and grease, lead, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and total coli, surpassed the water quality standard through spatial analysis.

The Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a large number of communal wastewater treatment plants (CWWTPs). However, less than 40% of CWWTPS in the province are able to be operated well. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of CWWTPs concerning the quality of the surrounding groundwater. The research location was in Mlati, one of three sub-districts with the highest number of CWWTPs and highest population density in the province. Technical data were analyzed in a laboratory, including water quality of CWWTPs and groundwater quality. This study also analyzed non-technical data related to CWWTP management. These data were collected through in-depth interviews with CWWTP managers and users. The data were analyzed systematically, not only quantitatively but qualitatively. The distribution of water quality from CWWTP treatment and groundwater was mapped using inverse distance weighting (IDW). The results show that the CWWTP effluent meets quality standards for pH, temperature, COD, oil and grease, and ammonia. However, some CWWTPs fail to meet the quality standards for the TSS and E. coli parameters. Groundwater has an acidic pH, with ammonia, nitrite, and zinc parameters meeting quality standards, but oil and grease, COD, nitrate, and Pb concentrations exceed quality standards in several wells. This study indicates that the presence of CWWTPs is not correlated with the quality of groundwater due to the inefficiency of the CWWTPs, the unmet coverage area, and the conditions of sanitation facilities at the location.

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Objective: This article aims to investigate the various forms of community participation in supporting sustainable development programs in rural areas. It specifically examines the nature and extent of community involvement across different stages of program development, highlighting the key actors and categories of participation. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this research is grounded in the concept of community participation in development, which is a fundamental principle of sustainable development. The study draws on the works of scholars who have explored community engagement and its significance in achieving development goals, particularly in rural contexts. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serve as a backdrop to assess the alignment of community participation with global development priorities. Method: This research employs a qualitative approach to capture the nuances of community participation in sustainable development programs. Data is gathered through in-depth interviews with development participants and focus group discussions. The qualitative methodology allows for a deeper understanding of the forms, actors, and dynamics of community involvement. Result and Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that community participation is integral to all stages of sustainable development program development: planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The research identifies two main channels through which community participation occurs: formal village institutional channels, including village community empowerment institutions and community representative bodies, and informal channels, which involve community leaders, religious figures, youth leaders, and professionals. Community participation takes three primary forms: contributions of ideas and thoughts, material contributions, and donations of energy. Originality/value: This research contributes to the understanding of community participation in the context of sustainable development in rural areas. It highlights the diverse ways in which communities engage in development initiatives and emphasizes their essential role in achieving the SDGs. The study's value lies in its potential to inform policymakers, practitioners, and academics about the significance of community participation and its implications for the success of sustainable development programs.

Seepage from the earth dam’s body reduces the amount of water in the dam’s reservoir and threatens its stability. In this paper, the earth‐type Sattarkhan Dam on the Aharchai River has been investigated. In this regard, the SEEP/W model from the GeoStudio 2018 software suite was used for modeling. This study examines the effects of various lengths and positions of cutoff wall and horizontal drainage on seepage, uplift pressure, and exit gradient. Increasing the length of the cutoff wall reduces seepage in both sections, with a more significant effect on Section 2; it also decreases the uplift pressure and the exit gradient. Changing the position of the cutoff wall has a significant effect on seepage fluctuations in Section 1 but has no effect on seepage in Section 2; in positions 2 to 7, the uplift pressure values are nearly identical, and the exit gradient is most significant at position 1 and least at position 2. Increasing the horizontal drainage’s length increases seepage, reduces uplift pressure, and increases the exit gradient. The closer proximity of the horizontal drainage position to the dam’s core increases seepage and decreases uplift pressure and exit gradient. Finally, it is concluded that the construction of a cutoff wall and horizontal drainage with appropriate lengths and positions reduces risk and improves the stability of earth dams.

This study identified the spatial distribution pattern of the ambient air quality in the Yogyakarta Urban Area. It was performed to determine the distribution pattern of SO2, CO, and NO2 concentrations for 2016-2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (during pandemic). Furthermore, the spatial analysis was...