In this study, the appropriate fairway width was designed through the maritime traffic safety evaluation model. By applying the concept of L-converted traffic, it was found that the current maritime traffic volume is 5 to 20 ships per hour in the sea area near Gun-san Port. High-density sections were identified through density analysis based on maritime traffic volume, which ranged from 5 to 10 km, and sections with an area of 10 km or more were also analyzed. Considering the general traffic flow and density, it is necessary to set a route width of 10 km or more in the target sea area, as well as to design a minimum fairway width that ensures safety for all types of ocean use. In this study, four traffic flows were analyzed through machine learning and a comprehensive environmental stress model was created for the traffic flows. The amount of safety change according to the increase in traffic volume was compared and reviewed for a fairway width of 1 km to 10 km, which can be generally formed according to the characteristics of the sea area. In the assessment, we found that when the fairway width was 1–4 km and the L-converted traffic volume was 15 or more, the ES ≥ 750 value exceeded 10% of the total, thus creating a burden on the ship operators. In particular, it was found that the ES ≥ 750 value was 20% at most when the L-converted traffic volume was 20 or more. In a comprehensive analysis, the ES > 750 was found to be less than 10% when the fairway width was 6 km or more in the sea area with one crossing passage at 5 to 20 ships per hour, which was the experimental condition of this study, and the ship operator’s burden was determined to be insignificant. Based on these results, when designing routes between offshore wind farms that will be established in the future, we expect that it will be possible to design the minimum fairway width to ensure safety according to the traffic volume.

As a method of reviewing the design of new fairways and the redesign of existing fairways, we proposed a fairway design plan based on the collision and grounding probability, considering vessel traffic. A case study was conducted on the four traffic separation schemes (TSS) on the southern coast, which is the most complex coast among Korean coastal waters. The evaluation items of Korea’s Maritime Traffic Safety Assessment Scheme, the PIANC Guide, and the Port and Fishing Port Design Standards were all satisfied; however, some fairways had very high ship congestion at specific times, exceeding the fairway capacity. For each target fairway, the collision risk using the environmental stress (ES) model and the grounding risk using the IWRAP Mk II Model were analyzed. The grounding risk was found to be equally good, but the aggregation environmental stress ($E{S}_A$) value, according to the ES model, was high in three fairways. The widths of the three fairways with high risk were partially expanded, and, thus, were re-evaluated. The overall $E{S}_A$ was reduced, and the psychological burden of operators due to the marine environment, such as the fairways, was significantly eased. Based on the results of this study, it would be beneficial to apply a design scheme using collision and stranded risk models when designing new fairways or reviewing existing fairways. An appropriate fairway design plan is prepared that, through further research using various evaluation models and techniques, could be useful in coastal waters in the future.

This study was focused on deriving the MTSA-related accident reduction rate (ARR) required to calculate the safety benefits before and after expanding the scope of the system. By performing spatial analysis using geographic information system technology, MTSA-related accidents were identified on maritime routes near both assessed and unassessed project sites from 2010 to 2014. Subsequently, by applying the synthetic minority oversampling technique to balance the data, the algorithm learned from the random forest using the operational data of coastal passenger ship operations and accident data near unassessed locations where MTSA is not implemented. Then, the trained model was applied to predict accident occurrence in the absence of MTSA near the latest operational information of coastal passenger ship operations at the assessed project sites. The MTSA-related ARR was then calculated by applying the actual accident occurrences during operation near the assessed project sites where MTSA was implemented. The MTSA-marine ARR calculated at 17.41% can be applied to the calculation of safety benefit for MTSA. The results of this study can provide quantitative evidence for the application of higher-level systems considering the burden on regulatory targets when improving MTSA or similar systems.

Jinhae Bay in South Korea is a common typhoon shelter, but there are no established criteria for the area or vessel capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal capacity and arrangement of typhoon shelters for vessels in the sea area surrounding Jinhae Bay. The study identified several areas that could serve as typhoon shelters and conducted a survey with experienced VTS operators and ship operators to identify the best typhoon avoidance areas. The study found that the Japanese and Spanish design criteria for anchoring in strong winds were useful in computing the optimal capacity of typhoon shelters. A nesting algorithm based on the genetic algorithm and the No-Fit-Polygon theory was used to optimize the arrangement of shelters. The study found that the Jinhae Bay typhoon shelter can be effectively managed by arranging shelter-seeking vessels based on the nesting algorithm. The study contributes to supporting quantitative methodology-based decision-making and has practical significance for managing typhoon shelters in the Jinhae Bay area. Further research is needed to evaluate the proposed arrangement plan for typhoon shelters and confirm the validity of the results through simulation and practical implementation. Additionally, the time complexity for vessels to approach the anchorage should be considered in future studies.