In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries have implemented mitigating non-pharmaceutical interventions. We investigated the impact of these interventions and c...

Introduction: The dramatic decrease in the number of reported cases of pertussis during COVID-19 pandemic has been underestimated. The objective was to compare the estimated incidence rate of pertussis in populations pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing the anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) IgG and anti-filamentous hemagglutininant (anti-FHA) IgG antibodies in healthy Chinese population from 2018 to 2021.Methods: All serum samples (N = 1,000) were collected from healthy population (aged ≥ 15 years) who attended an annual monitoring project of antibody levels in Jiangsu province in 2018–2021 were measured by ELISA.Results: The positive rates of anti-PT IgG and anti-FHA IgG antibodies were 11.4% (114/1,000) and 20.2% (202/1,000) (≥40 IU/ml), the GMC were 17.25 (95% CI: 15.49–19.03) IU/mL and 24.94 (95% CI: 22.73–27.16) IU/mL in the study population, respectively. The percentage of participants with anti-PT IgG antibodies higher than 40 IU/mL was 5.20% (11/212) in 2018, 5.5% (19/348) in 2019, 21.2% (46/217) in 2020 and 17.0% (38/223) in 2021, respectively. The non-detectable rate (<5 IU/mL) of anti-PT IgG antibodies was 16.9, 17.7, 28.1, and 37.3% in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. We assumed that the infection occurred within 58.6 days, and based on the overall proportion (2.9%) of individuals with anti-PT IgG antibody ≥100 IU/ml, the incidence rate (/100) was estimated by the formula to be 18.08 (95% CI: 12.40–26.11). In addition, the estimated incidence of Post-COVID-19 was higher than that of Pre-COVID-19 (36.33/100 vs. 12.84/100), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our results suggest a high rate of under-reporting of pertussis in Jiangsu Province both pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic, and there are a large number of adults of childbearing age who are susceptible to pertussis. It seems imperative that vaccination of adolescents and adults should be considered for inclusion in vaccination programs.

To analyze the genotypes of VZV in Jiangsu province to identify vaccine strains and wild strains, providing a molecular biological background for the effective prevention and control of varicella. Stratified sampling was used to collect herpes fluid or throat swab from patients diagnosed with varicella. ORF22 was carried out, and the restriction enzyme site of ORF38, ORF54 and ORF62 were detected. All 207 virus strains were Clade 2 type by sequencing the PCR products of ORF22. The sequencing results showed that five SNP sites changed compared to the Dumas reference strain(Clade 1). From A to G at 37,902, from T to c at 38,055, from A to C at 38,081, and from G to A at 38,177, from G to A at 39,394. The prevalent VZV genotypes in Jiangsu is consistent with the P-Oka. The restriction enzyme site analysis of PCR amplification products from ORF38 (PstI), ORF54 (BglI), ORF62 (SmaI) showed that all 207 virus strains were wild-type. There were two different types of the wild strains, and 183 strains (88.4%) were PstI (+), BglI (+), SmaI (-). The wild strains between different regions showed no significant differences (χ2 = 0.05, P = 0.982). The prevalent VZV genotypes are Clade 2 and the prevalent virus strains are wild strains in Jiangsu Province, the primary wild strain observed is mainly PstI (+), BglI (+), SmaI (-).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the outbreak trend of chickenpox and the epidemiological characteristics of outbreak related cases from 2017 to 2021, and compare the impact of voluntary self-funded single dose vaccination versus mandatory two-dose vaccine vaccination on varicella outbreaks. The data of varicella outbreaks in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2021 come from the national public health emergency management information system. We randomly chose 70 outbreaks from 2019 to 2020 for study in order to better understand the features and regularity of breakthrough varicella(BV). In pilot cities with two doses of free VarV, the number of outbreaks decreased from 306 in 2017 to 123 in 2021, while the total number of cases related to the outbreak decreased by 64.6% (P < .01), the median size of the outbreak decreased from 24 cases (range:6–146) to 21 cases (range:10–93) (P < .01), and the incidence rate also decreased from 2.01/100 to 1.33/100. The proportion of cases with high fever, severe rash and complications in the BV group was lower than that in the primary varicella (PV), and the differences were statistically significant. The incidence rate of varicella among students who had post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) activities was 1.42% (488/ 33,878), and 1.63% (2468/ 148,943) among those who did not (p = .005). The single-dose varicella vaccination was less effective in controlling the outbreaks, and the success of the full implementation of the routine two-dose varicella vaccination plan in the pilot cities provided a basis for implementation in the whole province, and long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the effect of the new strategy in the future.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decline in vaccine coverage, and the implementation of combined vaccines and co-administration strategies emerged as potential solutions to alleviate this predicament. Our objective is to delve into the concurrent administration of the sabin-strain-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV), the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR), with the intention of bridging the evidentiary gap pertaining to vaccine co-administration in Chinese Infant, and to ensure a safe and effective vaccination strategy, ultimately leading to an augmentation in immunization coverage. This study was a follow-up trial of the "Immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of the sIPV with the DTaP vaccine in children: A multicenter, randomized, non-inferiority, controlled trial. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and Day 30, and serum antibody levels were detected to measure antibody responses to each of the antigens. Local and systemic adverse events (AEs) were monitored and compared among groups. This study is the first to fill the knowledge gap in China regarding the safe and effective combined vaccination of sIPV, DTaP, and MMR vaccines. The GMT of the poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 neutralizing antibodies were 1060.22(95% CI:865.73-1298.39), 1537.06(95% CI:1324.27-1784.05) and 1539.10(95% CI:1296.37-1827.29) in group 1 on day 30; GMT of antibodies against DTaP and MMR in the simultaneous vaccination group was non-inferior to those in the DTaP alone and MMR alone group. Reporting rates of local and systemic adverse reactions were similar between groups and no serious adverse events (SAE) was reported throughout the clinical study period. Co-administration of the sIPV, DTaP and MMR was safe and did not impact on immunogenicity, which would help to mitigate administrative costs and enhance vaccine coverage rates.

Background: The occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) can prolong the postoperative hospital stay, increase the economic burden of patients, and even endanger their lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and microbiology of SSI after colorectal surgery (CRS) and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of SSI.Methods: A single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study of adult patients undergoing CRS was conducted from 2010–2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to collect and analyze demographic information, hospital characteristics, and potential perioperative risk factors of SSI.Results: A total of 3,302 eligible patients were included in this study, with 213 cases experiencing SSIs, resulting in an infection rate of 6.45%. Notably, the incidence of SSI decreased from 13.33% in 2010 to 3.56% in 2019 (P_trend < 0.001). Escherichia coli accounted for the majority of isolated microorganisms (37.09%), with 49 strains exhibiting resistance to one or more antibiotics (35.25%). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes, anastomosis leakage, wound classification (contaminated/dirty), operation duration, blood loss greater than 200 ml, and NNIS risk index score for 2 or 3 were independent risk factors. Conversely, laparoscopic approach, preoperative bowel preparation and preoperative albumin levels emerged as protective factors against SSI after CRS. Furthermore, compared to non-SSI patients, SSI patients had a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate following surgery (0.23% vs. 2.35%, p < 0.05).Conclusion: SSI after CRS was susceptible to many factors, and the pathogen of SSI was mainly Escherichia coli. In clinical practice, measures such as correcting preoperative hypoproteinemia, choosing laparoscopic surgery, preoperative bowel preparation and shortening the duration of surgery should be taken to reduce the incidence of SSI.