Background and Objective: Severe pneumonia is a critical respiratory disease with high mortality. There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia. This study aims to identify, describe, assess, and summarize the currently available high-quality design evidence on TCM adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia to identify evidence gaps using the evidence mapping approach.Methods: Systematic searches were performed on English and Chinese online databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, CQVIP, and SinoMed) to identify papers from inception until August 2023 for inclusion into the review. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews (SRs), and meta-analyses concerning TCM adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia or its complications in adults were included. The risk of bias in RCTs was evaluated by using the Cochrane Handbook ROB tool. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), the Risk of Bias in Systematic Review (ROBIS) tool, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system were used to assess the methodological quality, risk of bias, and evidence quality of SRs or meta-analyses, respectively. Then, a bubble plot was designed to visually display information in four dimensions.Results: A total of 354 RCTs and 17 SRs or meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. The published RCTs had several flaws, such as unreasonable design, limited sample size, insufficient attention to non-drug therapy studies and syndrome differentiation, improper selection or use of outcome indicators, and failure to provide high-quality evidence. Sixteen SRs or meta-analyses of methodological quality scored “Critically Low” confidence. Twelve SRs or meta-analyses were rated as “High Risk.” Most outcomes were rated as “Low” evidence quality. We found that TCM combined with conventional treatment could improve the clinical total effective rate and the TCM syndromes efficacy. The combined approach could also shorten mechanical ventilation time, infection control time, and length of hospital and ICU stay; significantly reduce temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, white blood cell counts, levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, blood inflammatory factors, bacteriological response, and D-dimer; decrease CPIS, APACHE II score, and PSI score; improve pulmonary imaging features, arterial blood gas indicators (including arterial oxygen pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and oxygen index), and lung function (including forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second) for severe pneumonia compared with conventional treatment only (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions and incidence of adverse events (p > 0.05). In addition, compared with conventional treatment only, most SRs or meta-analyses concluded that TCM combined with conventional treatment was “Beneficial” or “Probably beneficial.”Conclusion: TCM combined with conventional treatment had advantages in efficacy, clinical signs, laboratory results, and life quality outcomes of severe pneumonia, with no difference in safety outcomes compared with conventional treatment only. QingJin Huatan decoction is the most promising target, and Xuanbai Chengqi decoction has a “Probably beneficial” conclusion. XueBiJing injection and TanReQing injection are two commonly used Chinese herbal injections for treating severe pneumonia, and both are “Probably beneficial.” However, there was a need for multicenter RCTs with large sample sizes and high methodological quality in the future. In addition, the methodological design and quality of SRs or meta-analyses should be improved to form high-quality, evidence-based medical evidence and provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of TCM adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia.

Based on the engineering problem of large deformation and support failure in the roadway of Ronghua No. 1 Mine, on-site in situ stress testing was carried out to understand the distribution characteristics of the in situ stress around the roadway. Then, a stability analysis of the roadway was conducted on the key factors causing support failure. Combining the on-site situation and the results of the stability analysis, the principle of surrounding rock stability control in a high horizontal stress roadway was proposed. Based on this principle, an optimized scheme was designed. The optimized scheme and the original scheme were comparatively analyzed through numerical simulation to verify the applicability of the optimized scheme. Finally, the optimized scheme was applied on-site, and the roadway was monitored. The results were as follows: (1) from the results of the in situ stress test conducted in Ronghua No. 1 mine, the horizontal tectonic stress field is dominant. (2) Based on the characteristics of in situ stress distribution, the angle between the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress and the roadway orientation, along with varying lateral pressure coefficients, is directly proportional to the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock. (3) Through numerical simulation analysis, an optimized support scheme was proposed based on the original design. The roof subsidence was reduced by 37.3%, the floor heave was reduced by 49.5%, and the side convergence was reduced by 34.7%. The surrounding rock stability of the roadway was significantly improved. (4) The optimized support scheme was applied in the 6A# Left Second roadway at Ronghua No. 1 Mine. Through on-site monitoring of the perimeter rock deformation, significant reductions in deformation and increased stability were observed. The research content provides a theoretical basis and practical experience for the stabilization of high horizontal stress roadways.

The coal and gas outburst and rockburst coupling disaster is becoming increasingly serious due to deep mining. To clarify the mechanism inducing the outburst–rockburst coupling disaster, a true triaxial single-sided unloading mechanical test was conducted with the aid of a true triaxial solid–thermal–gas coupling test device, an industrial computed tomography (CT) system, and an acoustic emission system. Through this test, the mechanical characteristics, meso crushing characteristics, and acoustic characteristics in the disaster formation process were obtained. Additionally, the outburst–rockburst coupling instability disaster law was verified by numerical simulation. The results demonstrated that the stress unloading degree of the coal body was negatively correlated with the initial gas pressure in the outburst–rockburst coupling disaster. The time domain parameter count and energy of acoustic emission exhibited a “bimodal” distribution pattern in the instability stage. The rockburst would occur when the peak value was in a “low-count and high-energy” state, while coal and gas outburst would occur when the peak value was in a “high-count and low-energy” state. The meso slice revealed that gas degradation promoted the development of microcracks in the coal body, and the penetration of cracks resulted in the main cracks of structural instability during rockburst. The coal and gas outburst was mainly attributed to the “cross” shear failure pattern of the coal body. These research findings may lay a foundation for the effective prevention and control of outburst–rockburst coupling disasters.

For the rapid construction of a rescue channel in the process of underground emergency rescue, a method for the expanded rescue channel in the collapse body is proposed and verified by a model test and a numerical simulation experiment. The motion characteristics and motion law of the expanded collapse body are analyzed on the basis of the mechanics of granular media, and a comparative simulation study on the main influencing factors of the collapse body motion is carried out. The results show that: (1) When the collapse body is expanded for a rescue channel, it will form three types of six relative slip planes. According to the position of the slip plane and the distribution of displacement, the collapse body can be divided into a direct displacement region, a stable region, and an indirect displacement region. (2) The expansion process can be divided into the initial start-up stage, the uplift stage, and the collapse stage, according to the formation time of the slip plane and the displacement law of the collapse body. (3) The results of the numerical simulation and the theoretical analysis of the granular media show that the dip angle of the slip plane is determined by the internal friction angle of the collapse particles, and the dip angles of the three slip planes are below ${\theta }_1=90°-\phi$, ${\theta }_2=45°+\phi /2$, and ${\theta }_3=90°+\phi /2$. (4) The transverse scope and longitudinal distance is brought by the expansion increase with the increase in the expansion size, and the simulated dip angles of the slip plane are larger than the theoretical values due to the size effect. (5) In the expansion process, the strong force chain in the collapse body is concentrated in the stress arch above the expander device, and the failure and reconstruction laws of the stress arch at each stage are consistent with the formation of the slip plane and the uplift and instability law of the collapse body.