Hybrid implementation of pedagogical models (PMs) helps to overcome the limitations of a single pedagogical model (PM) when it comes to improving student learning outcomes in physical education (PE). Empirical research on hybridizations has grown substantially in recent years, so the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effects and mechanisms of different hybridizations on students’ learning outcomes (i.e., motor, cognitive, affective, and social) in PE. Electronic databases, including ERIC, SCOPUS, EBSCO host, and Web of Science, were used to select intervention studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 17 high-quality studies, published in English peer-reviewed journals, were assessed. Results show that there were seven different hybrid models having impacts on students’ learning outcomes, which could be divided into four categories: (1) game performance and technical skills; (2) understanding of tactics and decision-making abilities; (3) motivation, autonomy, and confidence; (4) interpersonal skills, cooperative learning ability, and responsibility. Length of implementation and teachers’ familiarity were the main factors that limit the implementation on hybridizations. Future research should consider quasi-experiments with control groups of hybrids versus single models to figure out the advantages of the hybrid model over the single model; including more evidence from different schools, regions, and countries is necessary.

This study proposed an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the factors that influence pre-service teachers’ intention to use technology-enabled learning, using constructivist pedagogical beliefs (CPB) and information and communication technologies (ICT) competencies as antecedent variables for attitudes, subjective norms (SNs), and perceived behavioral control. An online study was conducted with a random sample of pre-service teachers from 7 universities in China, and 811 validated questionnaires were obtained. The results showed that the extended TPB model explained 75% of the variance in intention; attitude, SNs, and perceived behavioral control had a positive and significant effect on intention. Furthermore, SNs had a positive and significant effect on attitude and perceived behavioral control. CPB were the antecedent variables for attitude, SNs, perceived behavioral control, and ICT competencies. ICT competencies were the antecedent variable for SNs and perceived behavioral control. Additionally, through multi-group analysis, this study found significant differences in path relationships between the lower and higher-grade groups. The effect of perceived behavioral control on intention diminished with increased grade level. The effect of SNs on perceived behavioral control reduced. The effect of CPB on attitude and perceived behavioral control on intention diminished. The effect of SNs on attitude increased. This study verified that adding the relationship between antecedent variables of theoretical factors and theoretical factors is an effective way to expand TPB and provided a reference for future studies to focus on the related intention of pre-service teachers. Furthermore, it recommends that Chinese universities should eliminate the hindering influence of CPB, ICT competencies, attitudes, SNs, and perceived behavioral control in the process of preparing pre-service teachers. They should also pay attention to the individual differences of students in different grades and the problems that arise in the existing training.