Critically ill patients with sepsis and severe COVID-19 are commonly characterized by a dysregulated immune response and an acute kidney injury. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is now proposed as a promising adjuvant therapy to treat these critically ill patients by removing cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and damage-associated molecular patterns from the blood. Although multiple hemofilters, including high-cutoff membranes, the oXiris hemofilter, the CytoSorb hemoadsorption device, and the Toraymyxin hemoperfusion cartridge, have been used in current clinical practice, the use of the oXiris hemofilter in critically ill patients is of particular interest because it is the only kind of hemofilter that can provide renal replacement therapy, remove endotoxins, and adsorb cytokines simultaneously. During the past five years, a growing body of literature has shown that CRRT with the oXiris hemofilter can improve hemodynamics and organ function and can decrease cytokines and endotoxins in both septic and COVID-19 patients. Here, we performed a narrative review to describe the development history of the oXiris hemofilter and to discuss the therapeutic effect of oXiris-CRRT on critically ill patients by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov databases for articles published from inception to 8 September 2022 (updated on 1 November) with an English language restriction. We also summarized the current knowledge on anticoagulation techniques and safety concerns when delivering oXiris-CRRT sessions.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. Cardiac surgery plays a major role in the contemporary clinical management of IE patients. During cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass significantly contributes to an increased risk of organ dysfunction and mortality by inducing an acute inflammatory response, vascular endothelial cell injury, impairment of the coagulation cascade, and ischemia–reperfusion injury. During the past decade, the use of extracorporeal hemoadsorption therapy with the CytoSorb^® hemoadsorber (CytoSorbents Europe GmbH, Berlin, Germany) has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy to mediate inflammatory responses in IE patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, there is currently no systematic evaluation of the effect of CytoSorb^® hemoadsorption on clinical outcomes such as hemodynamics, organ dysfunction, and mortality in patients with IE. Therefore, in this review, we exclusively discuss contemporary findings concerning the rationale, clinical evidence, and future perspectives for CytoSorb^® hemoadsorption therapy in IE patients.

尿毒症瘙痒是慢性肾脏病患者的严重并发症，发病率高，可导致患者出现抑郁情绪或睡眠障碍，严重影响患者生活质量和社会关系。近年来，越来越多的研究发现纳呋拉啡、Difelikefalin及纳布啡等κ阿片受体激动剂可显著减轻顽固性尿毒症瘙痒的症状，具有良好的安全性及有效性。本文简要概述了尿毒症瘙痒的流行病学、发病机制、临床症状及治疗策略，并详细阐述κ阿片受体激动剂纳呋拉啡、Difelikefalin及纳布啡等治疗尿毒症瘙痒临床研究进展。

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but severe disease with high mortality and healthcare burden. Cardiac surgery plays a major role in the contemporary clinical management of IE patients. During cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass significantly contributes to an increased risk for organ dysfunction and mortality by inducing an acute inflammatory response, vascular endothelial cell injury, impairment of the coagulation cascade, and ischemia‒reperfusion injury. During the past decade, the use of extracorporeal hemoadsorption therapy with the CytoSorb® hemoadsorber has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy to mediate inflammatory responses in IE patients receiving cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, there is currently a lack of systemic evaluation of the effect of CytoSorb® hemoadsorption on clinical outcomes such as hemodynamics, organ dysfunction, and mortality in patients with IE. Therefore, in this review, we exclusively discuss contemporary findings concerning the rationale, clinical evidence and future perspectives for CytoSorb® hemoadsorption therapy in IE patients.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Early diagnosis is therefore critical for improving patient outcomes.However, traditional clinical biomarkers are constrained by diagnostic latency and limited sensitivity, particularly in cases of non-albuminuric DKD. To address these limitations, this review systematically explores the technical framework of the pathology-anchored strategy and proposes a two-phase translational approach, consisting of Pathology Anchoring Discovery and Prospective Early Validation. This strategy employs renal biopsy as the pathological gold standard in conjunction with multi-omics technologies to correlate circulating or urinary molecules with specific renal histological lesions, ultimately identifying non-invasive biomarkers with definitive pathological relevance. While numerous biomarkers demonstrate early warning potential in high-risk populations with normal conventional indicators, the pathology-anchored framework serves as a critical bridge linking these clinical biomarkers and distinct pathological changes. This review presents potential insights for early identification, risk stratification, and prognostic assessment of DKD.