This paper presents an evaluation of land cover accuracy, particularly regarding oil palm crop cover, using optical/synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image fusion methods through the implementation of the random forest (RF) algorithm on cloud computing platforms using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical images. Among the fusion methods evaluated were Brovey (BR), high-frequency modulation (HFM), Gram–Schmidt (GS), and principal components (PC). This work was developed using a cloud computing environment employing R and Python for statistical analysis. It was found that an optical/SAR image stack resulted in the best overall accuracy with 82.14%, which was 11.66% higher than that of the SAR image, and 7.85% higher than that of the optical image. The high-frequency modulation (HFM) and Brovey (BR) image fusion methods showed overall accuracies higher than the Sentinel-2 optical image classification by 3.8% and 3.09%, respectively. This demonstrates the potential of integrating optical imagery with Sentinel SAR imagery to increase land cover classification accuracy. On the other hand, the SAR images obtained very high accuracy results in classifying oil palm crops and forests, reaching 94.29% and 90%, respectively. This demonstrates the ability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to provide more information when fused with an optical image to improve land cover classification.

This study provides an overview of trends and evolution in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) implementation in healthcare over the past three decades, useful for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the sector. As an additional contribution, we propose the NU-index, which allows the evaluation of authors’ scientific output in a comprehensive way that will be valuable for researchers, institutions, and funding agencies seeking to assess researcher performance more accurately and understandably. A bibliometric analysis of 476 scientific articles from the Scopus Database was conducted, examining the scientific output, key authors, high-impact journals, and frequent keywords using VOSviewer, Bibliometrix library, and statistical analysis. Results reveal a significant increase in publications on ISO standards in healthcare since 2009, particularly in areas such as telemedicine, artificial intelligence, and information security. The emergence of ISO 11073 (health informatics) and ISO 13606 (electronic health records) highlights a growing trend towards information and communication technologies. Despite reported implementation barriers, such as lack of top management commitment and associated costs, adoption of these standards is increasing due to the demand for high-quality healthcare services and the need to comply with regulatory requirements.

The unified power quality conditioners (UPQCs) are useful to correct distortions in voltage and current waveforms in case of problems related to harmonics, flicker, and power factor. The dual topology of the UPQC allows a loop control in the inverters less demanding in terms of switching functions; however, the control techniques proposed in the literature have some disadvantages as large computation time and some calculation delays. Therefore, this paper presents the application of a classic discrete-time control model for a three-dimensional space vector pulse width modulation (3D-SVPWM) to be used with the dual UPQC, obtaining a fixed commutation frequency and a low computation cost. The results show that the applied method helps to reduce the harmonics in the source, voltage sags and load current and improve the power factor of the electrical circuit tested. Furthermore, the high frequency created by the switching of elements in the UPQC is filtered by the impedance of the power source and it does not represent a problem for the circuit. Due to the simplicity of the model, simulations demonstrate that the application of this classical control technique is enough to achieve good results to compensate harmonics and power factor with the dual UPQC. The development of the controllers is carried out by discretization of the transfer functions of the control in continuous time and their application with the three-dimensional space vector pulse width modulation (3D-SVPWM) technique.

Electromagnetic pollution has taken on importance in recent decades, as interest is growing in knowing how the proliferation of mobile communication devices can affect the environment and generate health problems in the population. In this document, a systematic review of the methodologies for measuring electromagnetic radiation is carried out with a view to generating pollution profiles. It also develops a novel methodology for measuring electromagnetic pollution (EMP) in urban areas, and is validated with a case study using a map of EMP in the city of Manizales (Colombia), determining the spatial distribution of radiation levels. In order to generate the map, EMP measurements were carried out in the bands of local mobile telephone operators, in addition to the LPWAN (low power wide area network) LoRaWAN and Sigfox networks, Wi-Fi, and those related to IoT technologies.

A fifth-order dynamic continuous model of a linear induction motor (LIM), without considering “end effects” and considering attraction force, was developed. The attraction force is necessary in considering the dynamic analysis of the mechanically loaded linear induction motor. To obtain the circuit parameters of the LIM, a physical system was implemented in the laboratory with a Rapid Prototype System. The model was created by modifying the traditional three-phase model of a Y-connected rotary induction motor in a d–q stationary reference frame. The discrete-time LIM model was obtained through the continuous time model solution for its application in simulations or computational solutions in order to analyze nonlinear behaviors and for use in discrete time control systems. To obtain the solution, the continuous time model was divided into a current-fed linear induction motor third-order model, where the current inputs were considered as pseudo-inputs, and a second-order subsystem that only models the currents of the primary with voltages as inputs. For the discrete time model, the current-fed model is discretized by solving a set of differential equations, and the subsystem is discretized by a first-order Taylor series. Finally, a comparison of the continuous and discrete time model behaviors was shown graphically in order to validate the discrete time model.