Ethical management is key to ensuring organizational sustainability, through resources such as autonomy or self-efficacy. However, economic and social uncertainty occasionally leads to adaptive responses that prioritize profit as the primary interest, blurring the integrating role of ethical leadership. There are a number of studies that support this reality in a virtual work environment. This sector-specific and cross-sectional research explores how ethical leadership influences self-efficacy among teleworkers, through active commitment to job autonomy, and how an egoistic climate hinders this influence. The analysis is quantitative and correlational, and the sample includes 448 teleworkers. A model of conditional indirect effects, including both a mediation process and a moderation process, is used. The results support that ethical leadership enhances followers’ self-efficacy through a redistribution of responsibilities, which increases the perception of autonomy. However, when ethical leadership coincides with a climate that has opposing interests, such as an egoistic climate, ethical leadership is unable to counteract it, and its effect on self-efficacy gradually diminishes. The benefits of this management style are widely known, but it is crucial to understand under what circumstances it loses efficacy. This research presents a new theoretical model that contributes to the existing literature on ethical leadership. Lastly, organizations that embrace ethical leadership can avoid the emergence of ethical climates disconnected from collective benefit, such as those characterized by selfishness, which hinder prosocial motivation. In this context, ethical leadership fosters the development of high-quality interpersonal relationships with followers, which are considered essential for creating an environment conducive to group learning. Consequently, change management in organizations necessitates the adoption of an ethical system that enhances self-efficacy through moral principles, rather than relying solely on individualistic aspects.

Positive psychology interventions in higher education can be pivotal in reducing depression rates among university students while also enhancing their optimism and well-being. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing a 15-week group intervention on a sample of 194 students who were assigned to either the intervention group (N = 126) or the control group (N = 68). Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control conditions, pre- and post-intervention measures were administered to assess depression, optimism, pessimism, and perseverance towards long-term goals. Specifically, the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and the GRIT Scale were employed. The results indicate that students in the experimental group reported significantly higher levels of optimism and reduced depression rates compared to the control group, where no significant differences were observed between pre- and post-intervention outcomes. In conclusion, the implementation of the Hallenges group intervention program may be effective in contributing to the well-being of university students. However, further research is needed to refine and enhance this intervention and to apply it across different university grades and courses.

This inquiry articulates a conceptually cohesive framework to explore the interplay between ethical leadership–affective commitment, particularly in settings characterized by socio-environmental volatility. Central to the analysis is the examination of how ethical climate functions as a psychological conduit and how psychological empowerment modulates this pathway. Empirical validation was carried out with a sample of 448 employees (175 women, 273 men) from Colombia’s electricity sector, a context where institutional fragility elevates the salience of ethical practices. The study employed structural equation modeling to test the model’s robustness. Results underscore that ethical leadership cultivates a benevolent ethical climate, which in turn reinforces affective commitment. Importantly, this sequence is not fixed but is contingent upon psychological empowerment. The influence of ethical leadership on ethical climate and especially on affective commitment is amplified when empowerment is high; likewise, the ethical climate–affective commitment link becomes more salient under elevated empowerment conditions. These findings highlight the influence of ethical dynamics in organizations. Beyond model validation, this research contributes to broader conversations on social sustainability. Ethical leadership is shown to foster organizational climates rooted in fairness, stakeholder sensitivity, and moral coherence—factors essential for long-term institutional legitimacy. In environments such as Colombia’s electricity industry, where governance infrastructures are evolving, such leadership emerges as a necessary condition for rebuilding trust and promoting shared ethical standards. Accordingly, this study advocates for the systematic cultivation of ethical leadership as a means to enhance organizational loyalty and public credibility. The theoretical model presented here offers fertile ground for cross-cultural replication and further inquiry across industries in emerging economies.

Although affective commitment has been the focus of numerous studies, we know relatively little about certain factors that drive or hinder its progress. In this sense, this study contributes to the knowledge on the subject by establishing a relationship between a benevolent ethical climate and affective commitment, taking into account the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, we highlight depersonalization as an aspect that can hinder these relationships when it assumes a moderating function. The sample was established through 448 employees of the Colombian electrical sector. The mediating effect was confirmed through a four-step method. The moderated mediation model was examined using SEM structural equations. The results show that a benevolent ethical climate is positively related to affective commitment and that intrinsic motivation is a mediating factor that justifies this relationship. However, depersonalization moderates the mediation between benevolent ethical climate, intrinsic motivation, and affective commitment. Specifically, the positive effect of the benevolent ethical climate on affective commitment is halted when depersonalization is high. The positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and affective commitment is interrupted when depersonalization is medium or high. Finally, as depersonalization progresses, the positive relationship between a benevolent ethical climate and intrinsic motivation is reduced. Therefore, organizations in the Colombian electrical sector must take measures that, in addition to avoiding social isolation, behave as indicators that warn when employees’ behaviors change significantly.

Background: Dysphagia negatively impacts quality of life and requires diets with specifically modified textures. The IDDSI (International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative) scale provides standardized criteria to ensure food safety. This research aims to explore and validate the IDDSI scale adapted to the consumption of foods developed with 3D printing in patients with dysphagia. Methodology: Different dishes were designed and validated using 3D printing and were evaluated by both healthcare professionals and people with dysphagia. In the second phase, participants analyzed their texture using the IDDSI scale. A mixed methodological approach was applied, combining quantitative data (from validated scales) and qualitative data (obtained through interviews and focus groups), ensuring methodological triangulation. Methods: In the first phase of the study, different dishes were cooked and designed using 3D printing technology and were previously evaluated by both healthcare professionals and people with dysphagia. In the second phase, all the dishes validated in the first phase were analyzed and classified according to their texture using the IDDSI. Results: A total of 24 dishes, backed by 204 validations, were determined to be suitable for people with dysphagia and compatible with 3D printing. According to the IDDSI analysis, 36% of these dishes were classified as level 3 (soft texture) and 64% as level 4 (thick purée), levels internationally recognized as safe and suitable for people with dysphagia and suitable for 3D printing. The application of the IDDSI scale eliminated ambiguities in the description of textures, facilitating clear communication between healthcare professionals, caregivers, people with dysphagia, and companies that produce 3D-printed foods, as well as the standardization of 3D food printing processes related to textures. The application of the IDDSI scale eliminated ambiguities in the description of textures, facilitating clear communication between healthcare professionals, caregivers, people with dysphagia, and companies producing 3D-printed food products. This enabled the standardization of 3D food printing processes and the definition of their textures. At the same time, 3D printing proved to be a viable and effective tool for customizing meals that are safe, appropriate, and sensorially appealing. Conclusions: The feasibility of combining the IDDSI scale with 3D printing to develop diets tailored to the needs of people with dysphagia is confirmed. This integrative approach represents an innovation in the field of nutrition for people with swallowing problems, especially in contexts with limited scientific evidence, combining the validation of modified textures with 3D printing technology. There are effective tools for producing safe, suitable and sensorially appealing meals.

Positive psychology interventions in higher education can be pivotal in reducing depression rates among university students while also enhancing their optimism and well-being. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing a 15-week group intervention on a sample of 194 students who were assigned to either the intervention group (N=126) or the control group (N=68). Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control conditions, pre- and post-intervention measures were administered to assess depression, optimism, pessimism, and perseverance towards long-term goals. Specifically, the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and the Grit Scale were employed. The results indicate that students in the experimental group reported significantly higher levels of optimism and reduced depression rates compared to the control group, where no significant differences were observed between pre- and post-intervention outcomes. In conclusion, the implementation of the Hallenges group intervention program may be effective in contributing to the well-being of university students. However, further research is needed to refine and enhance this intervention and to apply it across different university grades and courses.