This paper refines the fuzzy logic method, while constructing a theoretical model of the relationship between economic resilience, social resilience and ecological resilience, and evaluates the coupling coordination between the economic-social-ecological resilience of 197 prefecture-level cities in China’s urban agglomerations in 2019. Findings include: (1) The mean ecological resilience of China’s urban agglomerations in 2019 was the highest, followed by economic and social resilience. (2) Promoting urban agglomerations had higher resilience scores in the three dimensions, especially in the economic dimension. Growing urban agglomerations had low resilience values on the whole, especially economic resilience. (3) The mean coupling coordination degree of economic-social-ecological resilience ranged from near-incoordination to narrow balance. (4) The coupling coordination degree between the two coincided with the positioning of existing urban agglomerations. (5) Economic resilience had the most significant impact on the coupling coordination. Finally, we give differentiated countermeasures to improve the resilience of urban agglomerations. This study aims to contribute to the promotion of urban resilience research, and helps to plan and design more rational urban economic-social-ecological systems, thereby enhancing the ability of cities to cope with any uncertainties and contingencies.

The increased port outages caused by events such as war and public health emergencies have motivated the study of container port shipping network (CPSN) resilience. This paper proposes a resilience framework, which includes prevention, resistance, restoration, adaption, and optimization. The framework is used to analyze the resilience of the CPSN by detecting changing performance of the network indicators before and after the random attack or one of the deliberate attacks. The indicators include the network resilience index, degree distribution, independent path, cluster coefficient, network efficiency and connectivity. The comparative analysis is based on the statistics of China’s cases in 2005 and 2017. The results indicate that, first, the resilience of the structure of China’s container port shipping network (CCPSN) in 2017 has improved when comparing the 2015 situation. Second, the performance of indicators under betweenness attack (BA) decreases faster than other attacks; the resilience index of deliberate attacks is poorer, when compared with the random attack (RA). Third, network resilience can be improved by protecting and adding hub port nodes. Priority should be given to restoring the hub port nodes during the recovery process. The same network indicator recovers similarly after facing different attacks, while different indicator shows various recovery process. Thus, it is necessary to consider the different recovery performances of network indicators when the damaged CPSN selects recovery mode.

In the context of global environmental change and continuous urbanization, enhancing urban resilience is an important way to improve urban emergency management capacity and achieve sustainable development of urban systems. It is of great significance to clarify the mechanisms and effects of urban resilience and carry out resilience measurement to improve the level of urban system resilience and alleviate the pressure of environmental disturbances on the stable operation of urban systems. As an important part of the “Belt and Road” Initiative and one of the few leading economic regions in western China, promoting the high-quality development of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration is of profound significance for strengthening ethnic unity and stabilizing the northwest and southwest regions. Based on the complex adaptive system (CAS) theory and the adaptive cycle model, this study understands urban resilience as the comprehensive result of urban system stability, self-organization, learning adaptability and transformability, constructs a multi-level open index evaluation system, and analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of urban resilience of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration from the proposed design to the formal planning in 2010–2017. The findings are as follows: (1) Research on the urban resilience of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration verifies the applicability of the evolutionary urban resilience analysis framework and makes preliminary findings on urban resilience based on CAS theory, which provide a certain theoretical reference for the research on the spatio-temporal evolution of urban resilience. (2) From 2010 to 2017, significant differences are observed between various urban attributes. Resilience exhibits an overall upward trend, and spatial evolution changes from a double core (Lanzhou and Xining) to three cores (Lanzhou, Xining and Haidong) and polycentric modes. (3) Based on urban resilience characteristics and an urban system adaptability cycle model, this paper divides the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration cities into four types (exploitation–reorganization, conservation–release, conservation–exploitation and exploitation), and proposes corresponding adaptive management countermeasures. These could be adopted as a reference to promote the high-quality development of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration.

Urban growth and development can be interpreted as a combined process of “urban spillover” and “local urban sprawl”, from overall urban–rural development to urban–rural integration (URI). The process of suburban development in western China is a complex system, which reflects the characteristics of industrialization and urbanization in western China. Chengdu is the most representative of the big cities for economic and social structure change in western China. To analyze the changes on URI degree based on the built-up land change, and to explore the practical URI paths in both the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu, we use land-use remote-sensing monitoring data from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 in this paper, whereafter URI indexes are built from space, economy, and society. The land-use change of the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed by ArcGIS. Results indicate that the biggest growth part of built-up land is other built-up land, followed by commercial/industrial land, and the last is residential land. The built-up land spreads quickly from 2000 to 2005, and shows distinct separation characteristics in the suburbs of Chengdu. It is relatively slow in the exurbs. Moreover, built-up land connects better in the suburbs than in the exurbs. Based on the change of built-up land in Chengdu from 2000 to 2015, spatial integration data are calculated, economic integration and social integration data are chosen from statistics, and the change of URI levels in the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu is calculated. The results show that first, economic integration and social integration have great influence on URI, and their effects are increasing. The significance of spatial integration in URI has gradually reduced. Second, URI levels in counties of the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu rose from 2000 to 2015, more highly in the suburbs than in the exurbs. URI in counties of the exurbs showed a marked difference. URI in the southeast counties of the exurbs is generally high. The foundation of URI is weaker in the counties and districts in the southwest counties of the exurbs in Chengdu, but it is growing steadily in URI, and the northern counties in the exurbs of Chengdu are in the process of rapid URI. The paths of URI in the suburbs and exurbs in Chengdu can be roughly divided into an industry-developing model in the suburbs, service-industry-developing model in the suburbs, agriculture-developing model in the exurbs, service-industry-developing model in the exurbs and infrastructure-developing model in the exurbs.