Ibuprofen is classified as a BCS class II drug which has low solubility and high permeability. We conducted the formation of the cocrystalline phase of ibuprofen with coformer nicotinamide to increase its solubility. The purpose of this study was to characterize the solid state of cocrystalline phase of ibuprofen-nicotinamide, determine the solubility, and evaluate its in vivo analgesic activity. The cocrystal of ibuprofen-nicotinamide was prepared by a slow evaporation method. The solid-state characterization was conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To investigate the in vivo analgesic activity, 28 male Swiss-Webster mice were injected with acetic acid 0.5% following oral administration of intact ibuprofen, physical mixture, and its cocrystalline phase with nicotinamide (equivalent to 26 mg/kg ibuprofen). The number of writhes was counted, and pain inhibition was calculated. All data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (95% confidence interval). The results revealed that a new cocrystalline phase was successfully formed. The solubility testing showed that the cocrystal formation enhanced the solubility significantly as compared with the physical mixture and intact ibuprofen. A significant increase in the analgesic activity of cocrystal ibuprofen-nicotinamide was also confirmed.

Ekstraksi dan analisis KLT dari ekstrak rebung Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz (Kurz), serta uji aktivitas antihiperurisemia pada mencit putih jantan telah dilakukan. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi. Penentuan golongan senyawa dilakukan dengan berbagai reagen warna pada plat KLT. Pengukuran kadar asam urat dilakukan pada hari ke-8 setelah pemberian dosis harian homogenat hati ayam sebagai penginduksi asam urat bersamaan dengan suspensi ekstrak pada dosis 25, 50 dan 100 mg/kg dan allopurinol sebagai pembanding. Kadar asam urat serum mencit putih jantan diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil pengukuran memperlihatkan pemberian ekstrak rebung dengan dosis 25, 50 dan 100 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat mencit putih jantan dan berbeda secara signifkan dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak rebung memiliki aktivitas antihiperurisemia.

Enzymatic drug deactivation is an important contributor to bacterial resistance. Adjuvants which inhibit the β-lactamases help maintain the efficacy of the β-lactams, demonstrating the potential for this strategy for other antibacterial classes.

Scopoletin is a coumarin derivative known for its antioxidant capacity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the blood pressure lowering effect of scopoletin in multiple models of hypertensive rats. To obtain animal models of hypertension, a number of 18 Wistar-Kyoto male rats were divided into two groups receiving a combination of oral prednisone and salt for 14 days (PN group, the endocrine hypertension model) while another half received the same inducers with an additional N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 2 days (PNL group, oxidative stressassociated hypertension model). The rats were anesthetized with propofol and subdivided into 3 groups receiving control, scopoletin 10 mg/kg, and tempol 100 µmol/kg. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded for 120 minutes after a single dose of drug commencement. The serum concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured before and at the end of the experiment. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD with 95% confidence interval. The results showed that scopoletin decreased the SBP, DBP, and MAP of the rats significantly (p0.1). The concentration of NO in animals receiving scopoletin and tempol was greater as compared control, but there was no significant difference in blood NO between both hypertensive models (p>0.1). The study concludes that scopoletin is effective as blood pressure lowering agent on oxidative stress-associated hypertensive rats.

Objective: To study the blood pressure lowering effect of Cassytha filiformis extract in animal models of hypertension and its correlation with the antioxidant activity. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: endocrine hypertension (HTN group) that received a combination of prednisone and salt for two weeks and oxidative stress-associated hypertension (HTN-OS group) that received additional induction of l-Nitro Arginine Methyl Esther (l-NAME) for two days. Each group was subdivided into 4 and treated intravenously with the extract 5; 10; and 20 mg/kg, and vehicle control. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. The blood was taken before and at the end of recording for the measurement of serum concentration of nitric oxide (NO). The changes of blood pressure were analyzed by two-way ANOVA while its correlation with NO concentration was analyzed by Pearson's Correlation. Results: The study showed a significant antihypertensive effect of the extract as compared with control group (P < 0.05) in both hypertensive models. Extract in the dose of 5 mg/kg showed the best blood pressure lowering effect. However, the correlation analysis did not show an association between NO increase and blood pressure lowering effect (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The study concludes that C. filiformis extract in the dose of 5 mg/kg exhibits the best blood pressure lowering effect in both animal models. Antihypertensive activity of the extract is not correlated with its antioxidant effect

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik sosiodemografi pasien HIV/AIDS dan mengevaluasi penggunaan obat antiretroviral pada pasien tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-evaluatif dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan data retrospektif pada tahun 2015 di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik dengan kriteria: pasien HIV/AIDS laki-laki dan perempuan; berusia 18-65 tahun; dan menggunakan obat antiretroviral. Profil sosiodemografi dianalisis sercara deskriptif, sementara kesesuaian penggunaan obat dievaluasi dan dibandingkan dengan standar pengobatan. Dari 136 rekam medik pasien yang diambil, 89 diantaranya memenuhi kriteria, dimana 76,40% merupakan pasien laki-laki. Pasien kebanyakan berusia antara 26-35 tahun (41,57%), didominasi oleh pasien yang menikah (58,43%) dan mereka yang berpendidikan SMA (56,18%). Pegawai swasta dan ibu rumah tangga merupakan jenis pekerjaan dengan persentase tertinggi (masing-masing 19,10%). Penyakit ini sebagian besar diperoleh melalui hubungan seksual (61,80%) dengan PSK (Pekerja Seks Komersial) sebagai partner seks yang paling dominan (38,33%). Evaluasi penggunaan obat menunjukkan bahwa obat antiretroviral digunakan dengan 100% kesesuaian indikasi dan dosis, sementara hanya 97,76% pasien yang menerima pemberian obat yang sesuai. Studi tersebut juga mengungkapkan bahwa 10,11% pasien memiliki potensi terjadinya interaksi obat. Pengobatan antiretroviral memerlukan pemilihan obat yang tepat untuk meningkatkan efikasi. Apoteker dianjurkan untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengobatan pasien HIV/AIDS.