Background: Limited and inconsistent information exist about how kidney function affects the outcomes of ablation procedures in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of AF ablation in a large national study across groups classified by varying levels of estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs). Methods: The Israeli Catheter Ablation Registry (ICAR) is a prospective, multicenter cohort that includes patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) during the years 2019–2021 for the treatment of AF. Primary study endpoints were the recurrence of AF and the need for repeat ablation at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were rehospitalization and procedural complications after AF ablation. Results: Between January 2019 and December 2021, 1002 AF patients underwent PVI. Baseline creatinine was available in 929 patients, which comprised the study cohort. Of these patients, 226 (24%) had preserved eGFR (>90 mL/min/1.73 m²), 511 (55%) had mildly reduced eGFR (60–89 mL/min/1.73 m²), and 192 (21%) had moderately to severely reduced eGFR (<59 mL/min/1.73 m²). Patients with moderately to severely reduced eGFR were generally older and more likely to be female. There were no clinically meaningful differences in the use of antiarrhythmic medications among the eGFR groups, either before or after PVI. There were no significant differences in 12-month AF recurrence rates among the three study groups: 30%, 32%, and 40% in patients with preserved eGFR, mild, and moderately to severely reduced eGFR, respectively (p = 0.1). The one-year rehospitalization rate was higher in patients with moderately to severely reduced eGFR: 19%, 24%, and 32% in patients with preserved eGFR, mild, and moderately to severely reduced eGFR, respectively (p = 0.01). Periprocedural complications were infrequent across all the eGFR groups. Patients with an eGFR of <30 mL/min/1.73 m² were underrepresented (<1%), limiting applicability to this group. Conclusions: PVI is a safe and effective procedure that should be considered for CKD patients with AF who are deemed as suitable for the intervention, even in the presence of declined eGFR values. Future studies are still needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the procedure in individuals with severely reduced eGFR or end-stage kidney disease.

• It is important to maintain therapeutic-range INR after mechanical valve replacement. • A normally functioning mechanical mitral valve does not preclude a large LA thrombus. • There is a high index of suspicion of LA thrombus in patients with systemic embolization.

Background: Pre-existing atrial fibrillation (AF) is common among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, evidence regarding its impact on the risk of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation and other conduction disturbances (CDs) after TAVR remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of baseline heart rhythm on the risk of conduction abnormalities following TAVR. Methods: This study included patients with severe AS who underwent TAVR using either balloon-expandable (BEVs) or self-expanding valves (SEVs). The primary endpoint was the incidence of PPM implantation and new or worsening left bundle branch block (LBBB) after TAVR according to baseline rhythm (sinus rhythm vs. AF). Secondary endpoints were predictors of PPM implantation, LBBB, the occurrence of periprocedural stroke, and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 5195 TAVR patients were included: 3560 with baseline sinus rhythm and 1635 with baseline AF. PPM implantation was more frequent in patients with AF than in those with sinus rhythm (17% vs. 15%, p = 0.033), whereas new or worsening LBBB was less common (11% vs. 14%, p = 0.026). After adjustment with multivariable logistic regression, these associations were no longer statistically significant (PPM implantation: OR 1.156, 95% CI 0.969–1.379, p = 0.108; new or worsening LBBB: OR 0.826, 95% CI 0.676–1.010, p = 0.062). Independent peri-procedural predictors of PPM implantation included baseline first-degree AV block, pre-procedural RBBB, the use of self-expandable valves, implantation of larger valve sizes (≥23 mm), and the need for valve repositioning. Conclusions: In this large cohort, baseline AF was not associated with an increased risk of PPM implantation or new onset LBBB compared with sinus rhythm. These findings suggest that baseline rhythm alone should not be considered an independent predictor of PPM implantation or CDs following TAVR.