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Process parameters in Additive Manufacturing (AM) are key factors in the mechanical performance of 3D-printed parts. In order to study their effect, a three-zone model based on the printing pattern was developed. This modelization distinguished three different zones of the 3D-printed part, namely cover, contour, and inner; each zone was treated as a different material. The cover and contour zones were characterized via uniaxial tensile tests and the inner zones via computational homogenization. The model was then validated by means of bending tests and their corresponding computational simulations. To reduce the number of required characterization experiments, a relationship between the raw and 3D-printed material was established by dimensional analysis. This allowed describing the mechanical properties of the printed part with a reduced set of the most influential non-dimensional relationships. The influence on the performance of the parts of inter-layer adhesion was also addressed in this work via the characterization of samples made of Polycarbonate Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS/PC), a polymeric material well known for its poor adhesion strength. It was concluded that by using this approach, the number of required testing configurations could be reduced by two thirds, which implies considerable cost savings.
Iván Rivet; Narges Dialami; Miguel Cervera; Michele Chiumenti; Guillermo Reyes; Marco Pérez. Experimental, Computational, and Dimensional Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabrication Parts. Polymers 2021, 13, 1766 .
AMA StyleIván Rivet, Narges Dialami, Miguel Cervera, Michele Chiumenti, Guillermo Reyes, Marco Pérez. Experimental, Computational, and Dimensional Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabrication Parts. Polymers. 2021; 13 (11):1766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIván Rivet; Narges Dialami; Miguel Cervera; Michele Chiumenti; Guillermo Reyes; Marco Pérez. 2021. "Experimental, Computational, and Dimensional Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabrication Parts." Polymers 13, no. 11: 1766.
In comparison with conventional manufacturing technologies, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) offers countless benefits. It broadens the horizons of the design of structural components with high geometrical complexity, and lighter elements can be obtained by optimizing the infill of the part. The infill density stands as a manufacturing parameter that plays a significant part in weight reduction purposes. This fact provides FFF with an outstanding competitive advantage as compared to the rest of additive manufacturing technologies. This work aims to investigate the role of infill parameters on the mechanical performance and weight reduction of ULTEMTM 9085 samples processed by FFF, under tensile, flexural, and shear loading conditions in six different orientations with several solid and sparse configurations. Regarding the effect of the part orientation and the infill settings, the experimental results permit to draw conclusions on stiffness, resilience, maximum stress, and type of failure of the printed parts. Three-dimensional compliance matrices for each infill configuration are provided. The analysis of the results correlates the infill configuration with the mechanical performance considering the intra-layer and inter-layer unions. Finally, this research provides experimental evidence to contribute to the definition of novel design-for-manufacturing strategies for obtaining functional structural elements by FFF.
Albert Forés-Garriga; Marco A. Pérez; Giovanni Gómez-Gras; Guillermo Reyes Pozo. Role of infill parameters on the mechanical performance and weight reduction of PEI Ultem processed by FFF. Materials & Design 2020, 193, 108810 .
AMA StyleAlbert Forés-Garriga, Marco A. Pérez, Giovanni Gómez-Gras, Guillermo Reyes Pozo. Role of infill parameters on the mechanical performance and weight reduction of PEI Ultem processed by FFF. Materials & Design. 2020; 193 ():108810.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbert Forés-Garriga; Marco A. Pérez; Giovanni Gómez-Gras; Guillermo Reyes Pozo. 2020. "Role of infill parameters on the mechanical performance and weight reduction of PEI Ultem processed by FFF." Materials & Design 193, no. : 108810.
The Fused-Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique has transformed the manufacturing discipline by simplifying operational processes and costs associated with conventional technologies, with polymeric materials being indispensable for the development of this technology. A lack of quantification of viscoelastic/plastic behavior has been noted when addressing FDM parts with Polyetherimide (PEI), which is currently being investigated as a potential material to produce functional end-products for the aerospace and health industry. Primary and secondary creep along with stress relaxation tests have been conducted on FDM PEI specimens by applying stresses from 10 to 40 MPa for 100 to 1000 min. Specimens were 3D printed by varying the part build orientation, namely XY, YZ, and XZ. Creep results were fitted to the Generalized Time Hardening equation (GTH), and then this model was used to predict stress relaxation behavior. FDM PEI parts presented an isotropic creep and stress relaxation performance. The GTH model was proven to have a significant capacity to fit viscoelastic/plastic performances for each single build orientation (r > 0.907, p < 0.001), as well as a tight prediction of the stress relaxation behavior (r > 0.998, p < 0.001). Averaged-orientation coefficients for GTH were also closely correlated with experimental creep data (r > 0.958, p < 0.001) and relaxation results data (r > 0.999, p < 0.001). FDM PEI parts showed an isotropic time-dependent behavior, which contrasts with previous publications arguing the significant effect of part build orientation on the mechanical properties of FDM parts. These findings are strengthened by the high correlation obtained between the experimental data and the averaged-coefficient GTH model, which has been proven to be a reliable tool to predict time-dependent performance in FDM parts.
A. G. Salazar-Martín; A. A. García-Granada; G. Reyes; G. Gomez-Gras; J. M. Puigoriol-Forcada. Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model. Polymers 2020, 12, 678 .
AMA StyleA. G. Salazar-Martín, A. A. García-Granada, G. Reyes, G. Gomez-Gras, J. M. Puigoriol-Forcada. Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model. Polymers. 2020; 12 (3):678.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. G. Salazar-Martín; A. A. García-Granada; G. Reyes; G. Gomez-Gras; J. M. Puigoriol-Forcada. 2020. "Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model." Polymers 12, no. 3: 678.
Eric Dimla; Josep Rull-Trinidad; Andres Amador García-Granada; Guillermo Reyes. Thermal Comparison of Conventional and Conformal Cooling Channel Designs for a Non-Constant Thickness Screw Cap. Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2018, 35, 95 -101.
AMA StyleEric Dimla, Josep Rull-Trinidad, Andres Amador García-Granada, Guillermo Reyes. Thermal Comparison of Conventional and Conformal Cooling Channel Designs for a Non-Constant Thickness Screw Cap. Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering. 2018; 35 (1):95-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEric Dimla; Josep Rull-Trinidad; Andres Amador García-Granada; Guillermo Reyes. 2018. "Thermal Comparison of Conventional and Conformal Cooling Channel Designs for a Non-Constant Thickness Screw Cap." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 35, no. 1: 95-101.
Andres Amador García-Granada; Giovanni Gomez-Gras; Ramón Jerez-Mesa; J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez; Guillermo Reyes. Ball-burnishing effect on deep residual stress on AISI 1038 and AA2017-T4. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2017, 32, 1279 -1289.
AMA StyleAndres Amador García-Granada, Giovanni Gomez-Gras, Ramón Jerez-Mesa, J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez, Guillermo Reyes. Ball-burnishing effect on deep residual stress on AISI 1038 and AA2017-T4. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2017; 32 (11):1279-1289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndres Amador García-Granada; Giovanni Gomez-Gras; Ramón Jerez-Mesa; J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez; Guillermo Reyes. 2017. "Ball-burnishing effect on deep residual stress on AISI 1038 and AA2017-T4." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 32, no. 11: 1279-1289.
Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada; Andres Amador Garcia Granada; Reyna Mercedes Peña Aguilar; Guillermo Reyes Pozo. ANÁLISIS DE RIGIDEZ DE UN SISTEMA DE INTERIOR DE AUTOMÓVIL. EXPERIENCIA DOCENTE EN EL MARCO EEES. DYNA 2016, 91, 272 -276.
AMA StyleJosep M. Puigoriol-Forcada, Andres Amador Garcia Granada, Reyna Mercedes Peña Aguilar, Guillermo Reyes Pozo. ANÁLISIS DE RIGIDEZ DE UN SISTEMA DE INTERIOR DE AUTOMÓVIL. EXPERIENCIA DOCENTE EN EL MARCO EEES. DYNA. 2016; 91 (1):272-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosep M. Puigoriol-Forcada; Andres Amador Garcia Granada; Reyna Mercedes Peña Aguilar; Guillermo Reyes Pozo. 2016. "ANÁLISIS DE RIGIDEZ DE UN SISTEMA DE INTERIOR DE AUTOMÓVIL. EXPERIENCIA DOCENTE EN EL MARCO EEES." DYNA 91, no. 1: 272-276.
Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada; Andres Amador Garcia Granada; Ferran Lopez Navarro; Guillermo Reyes Pozo. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN DISEÑO DE EXPERIMENTOS PARA UNA MEJORA ESTRUCTURAL DE UN ASIDERO APOYAPIERNAS. DYNA 2016, 91, 392 -396.
AMA StyleJosep M. Puigoriol-Forcada, Andres Amador Garcia Granada, Ferran Lopez Navarro, Guillermo Reyes Pozo. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN DISEÑO DE EXPERIMENTOS PARA UNA MEJORA ESTRUCTURAL DE UN ASIDERO APOYAPIERNAS. DYNA. 2016; 91 (1):392-396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosep M. Puigoriol-Forcada; Andres Amador Garcia Granada; Ferran Lopez Navarro; Guillermo Reyes Pozo. 2016. "IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN DISEÑO DE EXPERIMENTOS PARA UNA MEJORA ESTRUCTURAL DE UN ASIDERO APOYAPIERNAS." DYNA 91, no. 1: 392-396.
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most important additive manufacturing technologies nowadays. However, there is a need to get more insight in the relationship between the process parameters and the final performance. Several studies have already identified some of these relationships, considering only the mechanical behavior of uniaxial tensile specimen under static loading. Yet, FDM technology is also designed to produce final parts that might be used in machinery or transportation applications. In such cases, dynamic loading is the most common situation and should be considered. The present article focuses on understanding the influence of three process parameters (nozzle diameter, number of contours, and raster-to-raster air gap) on the mechanical behavior under dynamic loading at specified conditions. A dynamic mechanical analysis apparatus has been used to characterize the polycarbonate mechanical behavior. On the other hand, a Taguchi approach and an analysis of variance have been used in order to quantify the influence of the parameters on such mechanical behavior.
Miquel Domingo-Espin; Salvador Borros; Nuria Agullo; Andres Amador Garcia Granada; Guillermo Reyes. Influence of Building Parameters on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Fused Deposition Modeling Parts. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing 2014, 1, 70 -77.
AMA StyleMiquel Domingo-Espin, Salvador Borros, Nuria Agullo, Andres Amador Garcia Granada, Guillermo Reyes. Influence of Building Parameters on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Fused Deposition Modeling Parts. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. 2014; 1 (2):70-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiquel Domingo-Espin; Salvador Borros; Nuria Agullo; Andres Amador Garcia Granada; Guillermo Reyes. 2014. "Influence of Building Parameters on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Fused Deposition Modeling Parts." 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing 1, no. 2: 70-77.