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Antonio Gabino Salazar Martín
Grup d'Enginyeria en Producte Industrial, (GEPI), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Polymers
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The Fused-Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique has transformed the manufacturing discipline by simplifying operational processes and costs associated with conventional technologies, with polymeric materials being indispensable for the development of this technology. A lack of quantification of viscoelastic/plastic behavior has been noted when addressing FDM parts with Polyetherimide (PEI), which is currently being investigated as a potential material to produce functional end-products for the aerospace and health industry. Primary and secondary creep along with stress relaxation tests have been conducted on FDM PEI specimens by applying stresses from 10 to 40 MPa for 100 to 1000 min. Specimens were 3D printed by varying the part build orientation, namely XY, YZ, and XZ. Creep results were fitted to the Generalized Time Hardening equation (GTH), and then this model was used to predict stress relaxation behavior. FDM PEI parts presented an isotropic creep and stress relaxation performance. The GTH model was proven to have a significant capacity to fit viscoelastic/plastic performances for each single build orientation (r > 0.907, p < 0.001), as well as a tight prediction of the stress relaxation behavior (r > 0.998, p < 0.001). Averaged-orientation coefficients for GTH were also closely correlated with experimental creep data (r > 0.958, p < 0.001) and relaxation results data (r > 0.999, p < 0.001). FDM PEI parts showed an isotropic time-dependent behavior, which contrasts with previous publications arguing the significant effect of part build orientation on the mechanical properties of FDM parts. These findings are strengthened by the high correlation obtained between the experimental data and the averaged-coefficient GTH model, which has been proven to be a reliable tool to predict time-dependent performance in FDM parts.

ACS Style

A. G. Salazar-Martín; A. A. García-Granada; G. Reyes; G. Gomez-Gras; J. M. Puigoriol-Forcada. Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model. Polymers 2020, 12, 678 .

AMA Style

A. G. Salazar-Martín, A. A. García-Granada, G. Reyes, G. Gomez-Gras, J. M. Puigoriol-Forcada. Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model. Polymers. 2020; 12 (3):678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. G. Salazar-Martín; A. A. García-Granada; G. Reyes; G. Gomez-Gras; J. M. Puigoriol-Forcada. 2020. "Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Polyetherimide 3D-Printed Parts Are Dictated by Isotropic Performance Being Accurately Predicted by the Generalized Time Hardening Model." Polymers 12, no. 3: 678.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Materials & Design
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This report presents an experimental investigation on the influence of part build orientation on the flexural fatigue behaviours of fused-deposition modelling (FDM) processed polycarbonate (PC) parts. Quantification of fatigue behaviour is required to show the feasibility of manufacturing industrial parts with the FDM technique. Therefore, stress-cyclic strain (S-N) curves were experimentally obtained for alternating stress (R-1) and mean stress (R-0.5). Test performances show that the part build orientation significantly affects the dynamic behaviour of FDM parts because of the inner anisotropy. Furthermore, to prove the validity of simulation methods such as finite element analysis (FEA), a case study was conducted. A designed part was simulated with FEA and the obtained von Mises stresses were corrected using the Goodman correction and the S-N curve for R-1. This part was also manufactured and tested to compare the simulated and experimental results. The results show good accuracy between the virtual and physical models.

ACS Style

Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada; Alex Alsina; Antonio G. Salazar-Martín; Giovanni Gomez-Gras; Marco A. Pérez. Flexural fatigue properties of polycarbonate fused-deposition modelling specimens. Materials & Design 2018, 155, 414 -421.

AMA Style

Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada, Alex Alsina, Antonio G. Salazar-Martín, Giovanni Gomez-Gras, Marco A. Pérez. Flexural fatigue properties of polycarbonate fused-deposition modelling specimens. Materials & Design. 2018; 155 ():414-421.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada; Alex Alsina; Antonio G. Salazar-Martín; Giovanni Gomez-Gras; Marco A. Pérez. 2018. "Flexural fatigue properties of polycarbonate fused-deposition modelling specimens." Materials & Design 155, no. : 414-421.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Materials & Design
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This paper presents an experimental investigation on the influence of process parameters such as part orientation, air gap and number of contours along with their interactions on the creep behaviour of fused deposition modelling (FDM) processed polycarbonate (PC) parts. Due to the lack of creep curve data with parts processed by FDM, this research gives a first quantitative approach to the time-dependent mechanical properties. This study not only varies significant process parameters viz., part build orientation, raster to raster air gap and number of contours, but also applies different loads to the samples to further understand primary and secondary creep behaviour for PC, providing the creep curves. Furthermore, two mathematical models are used to fit the experimental data, which can be used in numerical modelling. The first model is the well-documented and commonly used Bailey-Norton equation. As a second model, the fractional Voigt Maxwell in series (FVMS) is proposed to use. This model applies fractional calculus to reduce the number of parameters to be calculated. Conclusions obtained about how process parameters affect the creep behaviour are in agreement with previous research in mechanical properties of FDM parts.

ACS Style

Antonio Gabino Salazar Martín; Marco A. Pérez; Andrés-Amador García-Granada; Guillermo Reyes; Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada. A study of creep in polycarbonate fused deposition modelling parts. Materials & Design 2018, 141, 414 -425.

AMA Style

Antonio Gabino Salazar Martín, Marco A. Pérez, Andrés-Amador García-Granada, Guillermo Reyes, Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada. A study of creep in polycarbonate fused deposition modelling parts. Materials & Design. 2018; 141 ():414-425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Gabino Salazar Martín; Marco A. Pérez; Andrés-Amador García-Granada; Guillermo Reyes; Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada. 2018. "A study of creep in polycarbonate fused deposition modelling parts." Materials & Design 141, no. : 414-425.