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Macroalgae are the source of many harmful allelopathic compounds, which are synthesized as a defense strategy against competitors and herbivores. Therefore, it can be predicted that certain species reduce aquaculture performance. Herein, the allelopathic ability of 123 different taxa of green, red, and brown algae have been summarized based on literature reports. Research on macroalgae and their allelopathic effects on other animal organisms was conducted primarily in Australia, Mexico, and the United States. Nevertheless, there are also several scientific reports in this field from South America and Asia; the study areas in the latter continents coincide with areas where aquaculture is highly developed and widely practiced. Therefore, the allelopathic activity of macroalgae on coexisting animals is an issue that is worth careful investigation. In this work, we characterize the distribution of allelopathic macroalgae and compare them with aquaculture locations, describe the methods for the study of macroalgal allelopathy, present the taxonomic position of allelopathic macroalgae and their impact on coexisting aquatic competitors (Cnidaria) and herbivores (Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata), and compile information on allelopathic compounds produced by different macroalgae species. This work gathers the current knowledge on the phenomenon of macroalgal allelopathy and their allelochemicals affecting aquatic animal (competitors and predators) worldwide and it provides future research directions for this topic.
Gracjana Budzałek; Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska; Kinga Wiśniewska; Agnieszka Wochna; Iwona Bubak; Adam Latała; Józef Wiktor. Macroalgal Defense against Competitors and Herbivores. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 7865 .
AMA StyleGracjana Budzałek, Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska, Kinga Wiśniewska, Agnieszka Wochna, Iwona Bubak, Adam Latała, Józef Wiktor. Macroalgal Defense against Competitors and Herbivores. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (15):7865.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGracjana Budzałek; Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska; Kinga Wiśniewska; Agnieszka Wochna; Iwona Bubak; Adam Latała; Józef Wiktor. 2021. "Macroalgal Defense against Competitors and Herbivores." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15: 7865.
The contribution of picocyanobacteria to summer phytoplankton blooms, accompanied by an ecological crisis, is a new phenomenon in Europe. This issue requires careful investigation. We studied allelopathic activity of freshwater picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on phytoplankton assemblages from three freshwater lakes. In this study, the allelopathic activity of the Synechococcus sp. on the total abundance, biomass, as well as structure of the phytoplankton assemblages were investigated. Our results indicated that addition of exudates obtained from Synechococcus sp. affected the number of cells and biomass of the phytoplankton communities; the degree of inhibition or stimulation was different for each species, causing a change in the phytoplankton abundance and dominance during the experiment. We observed that some group of organisms (especially cyanobacteria from the genus Aphanothece, Limnothrix, Microcystis, and Synechococcus) showed tolerance for allelopathic compounds produced and released by Synechococcus sp. It is also worth noting that in some samples, Bacillariophyceae (e.g., Amphora pediculus, Navicula pygmaea, and Nitzschia paleacea) were completely eliminated in the experimental treatments, while present in the controls. This work demonstrated that the allelopathic activity exhibited by the Synechococcus sp. is probably one of the major competitive strategies affecting some of the coexisting phytoplankton species in freshwater ecosystems. To our best knowledge this is the first report of the allelopathic activity of Synechococcus sp. in the freshwater reservoirs, and one of the few published works showing allelopathic properties of freshwater picocyanobacteria on coexisting phytoplankton species.
Iwona Bubak; Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska; Paulina Głowacka; Agnieszka Szczerba; Katarzyna Możdżeń. The Importance of Allelopathic Picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on the Abundance, Biomass Formation, and Structure of Phytoplankton Assemblages in Three Freshwater Lakes. Toxins 2020, 12, 259 .
AMA StyleIwona Bubak, Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska, Paulina Głowacka, Agnieszka Szczerba, Katarzyna Możdżeń. The Importance of Allelopathic Picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on the Abundance, Biomass Formation, and Structure of Phytoplankton Assemblages in Three Freshwater Lakes. Toxins. 2020; 12 (4):259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Bubak; Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska; Paulina Głowacka; Agnieszka Szczerba; Katarzyna Możdżeń. 2020. "The Importance of Allelopathic Picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on the Abundance, Biomass Formation, and Structure of Phytoplankton Assemblages in Three Freshwater Lakes." Toxins 12, no. 4: 259.
Annually laminated lake sediments provide high-resolution and accurate timescales for reliable paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We investigated human activity in a low-human-impact region of Poland, taking advantage of varved sediments from Lake Szurpiły, which span the last 8200 years. Multiple sediment variables indicated that catchment evolution and lacustrine responses, mainly to changes in forest cover, were divided into four phases. Because of sparse or only seasonal occupation of settlements in NE Poland, human impact in the region was insignificant until ca. 939 ± 55 BC (lacustrine phase I). During Phase II (939 ± 55 BC–AD 1392 ± 38), we recorded an increase in human indicators, reflecting the direct influence of a Yatvingian community. Afterwards, between AD 1392 ± 38 and 1770 ± 30 (phase III), permanent settlements and agricultural land use stabilized. The beginning of the last period (phase IV) was clearly identified by all sediment variables, which responded simultaneously to local human activities. Disappearance of laminae from AD 1858 ± 22 until about AD 1997 indicated disturbance of pre-existing, stable depositional conditions, followed by environmental recovery in the last 20 years. Such recovery may have been related to recent socio-economic changes and establishment of a park that reduced human influence on the lake.
Małgorzata Kinder; Wojciech Tylmann; Iwona Bubak; Magdalena Fiłoc; Michał Gąsiorowski; Mirosława Kupryjanowicz; Christoph Mayr; Laurentius Sauer; Ulrich Voellering; Bernd Zolitschka. Holocene history of human impacts inferred from annually laminated sediments in Lake Szurpiły, northeast Poland. Journal of Paleolimnology 2019, 61, 419 -435.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Kinder, Wojciech Tylmann, Iwona Bubak, Magdalena Fiłoc, Michał Gąsiorowski, Mirosława Kupryjanowicz, Christoph Mayr, Laurentius Sauer, Ulrich Voellering, Bernd Zolitschka. Holocene history of human impacts inferred from annually laminated sediments in Lake Szurpiły, northeast Poland. Journal of Paleolimnology. 2019; 61 (4):419-435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Kinder; Wojciech Tylmann; Iwona Bubak; Magdalena Fiłoc; Michał Gąsiorowski; Mirosława Kupryjanowicz; Christoph Mayr; Laurentius Sauer; Ulrich Voellering; Bernd Zolitschka. 2019. "Holocene history of human impacts inferred from annually laminated sediments in Lake Szurpiły, northeast Poland." Journal of Paleolimnology 61, no. 4: 419-435.