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Biswanath Dari
Agricultural and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension NC Agricultural and Technical State Univ. Greensboro NC 27420 USA

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Article
Published: 13 July 2021 in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
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The Animas River provides irrigation water in northwestern New Mexico and the Navajo Nation. Concerns regarding the river water quality arose on August 5, 2015, when approximately 11.35 million liters of heavy metal contaminated water was accidentally released from the Gold King Mine into the Animas River. This study sought to determine the total concentrations of 7 heavy metal(loid)s (As, Pb, and Zn as metals of concern and Fe, Mn, Ca, and Cu as metals of interest) using portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) in two agricultural fields and compare these values to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional screening levels (RSL). Total concentrations of 6 out of 7 metals were below the RSL; only As exceeded the soil screening value of 7.07 mg kg−1 at some locations in the agricultural fields. We also determined water-soluble (WS) and exchangeable fractions (Ex) of As that might be available for agricultural crop uptake using sequential extractions. The WS-As ranged from 0.014 to 0.074 mg kg−1 and Ex-As ranged from 0.135 to 0.248 mg kg−1 and thus were less than 1 and 3% of the total As concentration respectively (ranging from 5.62 to 14.79 mg kg−1) and not considered a threat for plant tissue accumulation. While the concentrations of As observed in the agricultural fields may have exceeded screening levels, the As was not apparently plant available and its risk to crops was determined to be low.

ACS Style

Gaurav Jha; April L. Ulery; Kevin Lombard; Dawn VanLeeuwen; Colby Brungard; Biswanath Dari; Debjani Sihi. Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) Analysis of Total Metal(loid)s and Sequential Extraction of Bioavailable Arsenic in Agricultural Soils of Animas Watershed. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2021, 232, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Gaurav Jha, April L. Ulery, Kevin Lombard, Dawn VanLeeuwen, Colby Brungard, Biswanath Dari, Debjani Sihi. Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) Analysis of Total Metal(loid)s and Sequential Extraction of Bioavailable Arsenic in Agricultural Soils of Animas Watershed. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2021; 232 (7):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaurav Jha; April L. Ulery; Kevin Lombard; Dawn VanLeeuwen; Colby Brungard; Biswanath Dari; Debjani Sihi. 2021. "Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) Analysis of Total Metal(loid)s and Sequential Extraction of Bioavailable Arsenic in Agricultural Soils of Animas Watershed." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 232, no. 7: 1-14.

Research letter
Published: 01 January 2021 in Agricultural & Environmental Letters
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In this study, an inexpensive Nix Pro (Nix Sensor Ltd.) color sensor was used to develop prediction models for soil iron (Fe) content. Thirty-eight soil samples were collected from five agricultural fields across the Animas watershed to develop and validate soil Fe prediction models. We used color space models to develop three different parameter sets for Fe prediction with Nix Pro. The different color space sets were used to develop three new predictive models for Nix Pro-based Fe content against the lab-based inductively coupled plasma analyzed Fe content. The model performances were assessed using the coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and model p-value. Three models (International Commission on Illumination's lightness, ±a axis (redness to greenness), and ± b axis (yellowness to blueness) [CIEL*a*b]; red, green, blue [RGB]; and cyan, magenta, yellow, key [black] [CMYK]) were significant in predicting the Fe content using colorimetric variables with R2 ranging from 0.79 to 0.81. The mean square prediction error (MSPE) and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) Index were calculated to validate models and CMYK was predicted to be a better model (MSPE = 0.13; KGE = 0.601) than CIEL*a*b and RGB models. The results suggest Nix Pro is useful in predicting soil Fe content.

ACS Style

Gaurav Jha; Debjani Sihi; Biswanath Dari; Harpreet Kaur; Mallika Arudi Nocco; April Ulery; Kevin Lombard. Rapid and inexpensive assessment of soil total iron using Nix Pro color sensor. Agricultural & Environmental Letters 2021, 6, e20050 .

AMA Style

Gaurav Jha, Debjani Sihi, Biswanath Dari, Harpreet Kaur, Mallika Arudi Nocco, April Ulery, Kevin Lombard. Rapid and inexpensive assessment of soil total iron using Nix Pro color sensor. Agricultural & Environmental Letters. 2021; 6 (3):e20050.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaurav Jha; Debjani Sihi; Biswanath Dari; Harpreet Kaur; Mallika Arudi Nocco; April Ulery; Kevin Lombard. 2021. "Rapid and inexpensive assessment of soil total iron using Nix Pro color sensor." Agricultural & Environmental Letters 6, no. 3: e20050.

Original research article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
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Optimizing crop N uptake while minimizing NH3 volatilization from N fertilizer sources is a critical part of agricultural best management practices. Urea is the most widely used N fertilizer but is also one of the most susceptible to losses as NH3. Fertilizer sources and additives can be used to reduce NH3 volatilization. Specifically, urease inhibitors [e.g., N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)] can reduce NH3 volatilization from urea. A novel fused ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN) product has recently been developed as another potential alternative N fertilizer source but has not been studied widely. A field study was performed to quantify NH3 volatilization from the newly available ASN fertilizer as compared with various N fertilizers (ammonium sulfate [AS] and urea) including urea treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT in an alkaline calcareous loam soil in Idaho. Further, we assessed NH3 volatilization from surface applied and incorporated N fertilizers from these various N sources. Untreated surface-applied urea volatilized the highest amount of NH3, whereas incorporation of N fertilizers was effective in reducing volatilization as compared with untreated surface-applied urea. Our study indicated that the N fertilizer sources (AS, ASN, and urea+NBPT) were equally effective in reducing NH3 volatilization when compared with surface-applied urea. Our study will help refine N fertilizer management under multiple field situations and traditional management practices of crop producers in the western United States. Further, site-years and study locations would be needed to provide evidence of the effectiveness of ASN in reducing NH3 volatilization under a wider range of soil and environmental conditions.

ACS Style

Biswanath Dari; Christopher W Rogers. Ammonia volatilization from fertilizer sources on a loam soil in Idaho. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 2021, 4, e20192 .

AMA Style

Biswanath Dari, Christopher W Rogers. Ammonia volatilization from fertilizer sources on a loam soil in Idaho. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. 2021; 4 (3):e20192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Biswanath Dari; Christopher W Rogers. 2021. "Ammonia volatilization from fertilizer sources on a loam soil in Idaho." Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 4, no. 3: e20192.

Research article
Published: 13 May 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Optimizing barley (hordeum vulgare L.) production in Idaho and other parts of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) should focus on farm resource management. The effect of post-harvest residue management on barley residue decomposition has not been adequately studied. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of residue placement (surface vs. incorporated), residue size (chopped vs. ground-sieved) and soil type (sand and sandy loam) on barley residue decomposition. A 50-day(d) laboratory incubation experiment was conducted at a temperature of 25°C at the Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, Idaho, USA. Following the study, a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) modeling approach was applied to investigate the first-order decay kinetics of barley residue. An accelerated initial flush of residue carbon(C)-mineralization was measured for the sieved (Day 1) compared to chopped (Day 3 to 5) residues for both surface incorporated applications. The highest evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2)-C of 8.3 g kg-1 dry residue was observed on Day 1 from the incorporated-sieved application for both soils. The highest and lowest amount of cumulative CO2-C released and percentage residue decomposed over 50-d was observed for surface-chopped (107 g kg-1 dry residue and 27%, respectively) and incorporated-sieved (69 g kg-1 dry residue and 18%, respectively) residues, respectively. There were no significant differences in C-mineralization from barley residue based on soil type or its interactions with residue placement and size (p >0.05). The largest decay constant k of 0.0083 d-1 was calculated for surface-chopped residue where the predicted half-life was 80 d, which did not differ from surface sieved or incorporated chopped. In contrast, incorporated-sieved treatments only resulted in a k of 0.0054 d-1 and would need an additional 48 d to decompose 50% of the residue. Future residue decomposition studies under field conditions are warranted to verify the residue C-mineralization and its impact on residue management.

ACS Style

Grant Loomis; Biswanath Dari; Christopher W. Rogers; Debjani Sihi. Evaluation of residue management practices on barley residue decomposition. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0232896 .

AMA Style

Grant Loomis, Biswanath Dari, Christopher W. Rogers, Debjani Sihi. Evaluation of residue management practices on barley residue decomposition. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0232896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grant Loomis; Biswanath Dari; Christopher W. Rogers; Debjani Sihi. 2020. "Evaluation of residue management practices on barley residue decomposition." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5: e0232896.

Communication
Published: 28 March 2020 in Water
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Water contamination is often reported in agriculturally intensive areas such as the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in south-eastern Asia. We evaluated the impact of the organic and conventional farming of basmati rice on water quality during the rainy season (July to October) of 2011 and 2016 at Kaithal, Haryana, India. The study area comprised seven organic and seven conventional fields where organic farming has been practiced for more than two decades. Water quality parameters used for drinking (nitrate, NO3; total dissolved solids (TDS); electrical conductivity (EC) pH) and irrigation (sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC)) purposes were below permissible limits for all samples collected from organic fields and those from conventional fields over the long-term (~15 and ~20 years). Importantly, the magnitude of water NO3 contamination in conventional fields was approximately double that of organic fields, which is quite alarming and needs attention in future for farming practices in the IGP in south-eastern Asia.

ACS Style

Debjani Sihi; Biswanath Dari; Zhengjuan Yan; Dinesh Kumar Sharma; Himanshu Pathak; Om Prakash Sharma; Lata Nain. Assessment of Water Quality in Indo-Gangetic Plain of South-Eastern Asia under Organic vs. Conventional Rice Farming. Water 2020, 12, 960 .

AMA Style

Debjani Sihi, Biswanath Dari, Zhengjuan Yan, Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Himanshu Pathak, Om Prakash Sharma, Lata Nain. Assessment of Water Quality in Indo-Gangetic Plain of South-Eastern Asia under Organic vs. Conventional Rice Farming. Water. 2020; 12 (4):960.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Debjani Sihi; Biswanath Dari; Zhengjuan Yan; Dinesh Kumar Sharma; Himanshu Pathak; Om Prakash Sharma; Lata Nain. 2020. "Assessment of Water Quality in Indo-Gangetic Plain of South-Eastern Asia under Organic vs. Conventional Rice Farming." Water 12, no. 4: 960.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Geoderma
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ACS Style

Zhengjuan Yan; Shuo Chen; Biswanath Dari; Debjani Sihi; Qing Chen. Phosphorus transformation response to soil properties changes induced by manure application in a calcareous soil. Geoderma 2018, 322, 163 -171.

AMA Style

Zhengjuan Yan, Shuo Chen, Biswanath Dari, Debjani Sihi, Qing Chen. Phosphorus transformation response to soil properties changes induced by manure application in a calcareous soil. Geoderma. 2018; 322 ():163-171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhengjuan Yan; Shuo Chen; Biswanath Dari; Debjani Sihi; Qing Chen. 2018. "Phosphorus transformation response to soil properties changes induced by manure application in a calcareous soil." Geoderma 322, no. : 163-171.

Article
Published: 31 October 2016 in Paddy and Water Environment
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food crop in the southern region of Asia, and Indian subcontinent being one of the major producers. Production of conventional transplanted rice requires a large amount of irrigation water, labor, and energy. The scarcity of irrigation water has encouraged farmers to adopt an alternative rice production system, i.e. the direct-seeded rice (DSR), which is proposed to be farmers’ friendly with a potential to save water. Our study reports the performance of DSR with respect to yield and water expense efficiency based on different irrigation regimes and dates of sowing. A field experiment was conducted in the semi-arid region of northern India during the rainy season of 2011 with two treatment combinations (dates of sowing: 15th May and 5th June and three irrigation regimes: irrigation scheduled at irrigation water-to-cumulative potential evapotranspiration; IW/CPE ratio of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) in a completely randomized design. We found statistically higher water expense efficiency of DSR sown on 5th June as compared to DSR sown on 15th May without any significant differences in growth and yield. A significant yield difference between DSR grown with irrigation regimes of IW/CPE 1.0 and 1.5 and DSR grown with irrigation regimes of IW/CPE ratio 2.0 were observed. The DSR grown with irrigation regimes of IW/CPE ratio of 1.5 resulted in significantly higher water expense efficiency than the one with IW/CPE ratio of 2.0. Obtaining a higher yield of DSR under scarce irrigation water might be a trade-off between optimum water use and maximum yield avoiding excess ground water exploitation in sub-tropical semi-arid regions of India. Our study suggests that sowing time and irrigation regimes are two important aspects of “rice production” to attain “win–win” solution. Thus, strategic and judicial use of irrigation water with management of sowing time could potentially escalate the rice production in water scarce regions of India.

ACS Style

Biswanath Dari; Debjani Sihi; Santanu Kumar Bal; Sanju Kunwar. Performance of direct-seeded rice under various dates of sowing and irrigation regimes in semi-arid region of India. Paddy and Water Environment 2016, 15, 395 -401.

AMA Style

Biswanath Dari, Debjani Sihi, Santanu Kumar Bal, Sanju Kunwar. Performance of direct-seeded rice under various dates of sowing and irrigation regimes in semi-arid region of India. Paddy and Water Environment. 2016; 15 (2):395-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Biswanath Dari; Debjani Sihi; Santanu Kumar Bal; Sanju Kunwar. 2016. "Performance of direct-seeded rice under various dates of sowing and irrigation regimes in semi-arid region of India." Paddy and Water Environment 15, no. 2: 395-401.