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Background Walking speed is an important measure associated with health outcomes in older individuals, such as dependency and death. This study aimed to examine whether the walking speed of community-dwelling older adults varies between time periods within a day, as measured outdoors in daily life. We aimed to determine the types of walking speed variations and examine the factors associated with them. Methods Daily life outdoor walking speed was measured in 92 participants (average age 71.9 years±5.64) using a GPS smartphone app for 1 month. Average walking speeds for five time periods were analyzed with a linear mixed model. Intra-day walking speed variation patterns were classified by latent class analysis. Factors associated with the class were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results A statistically significant difference in average walking speed was found between early morning (1.33 m/s), and afternoon (1.27 m/s) and evening (1.26 m/s) (p < 0.01). The intra-day variation in walking speed was attributed to variation in cadence. Two classes were identified: (1) fast walking speed with large variation and (2) slow walking speed with little variation; hypertension and frailty level were associated with the class. Conclusion The results suggest that there is intra-day variation in walking speed in daily life, wherein the speed is the fastest early in the morning and slower in the afternoon and evening. A larger variation in the walking speed was related to the health status without hypertension or frailty. These results suggest that if a person shows less intra-day variation in walking speed, this could be a sign that they are susceptible to hypertension and an increased frailty level.
Hisashi Kawai; Shuichi Obuchi; Ryo Hirayama; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Yoshiyuki Kobayashi; Masaaki Mochimaru; Eiki Tsushima; Kozo Nakamura. Intra-day variation in daily outdoor walking speed among community-dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatrics 2021, 21, 1 -8.
AMA StyleHisashi Kawai, Shuichi Obuchi, Ryo Hirayama, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Hunkyung Kim, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Masaaki Mochimaru, Eiki Tsushima, Kozo Nakamura. Intra-day variation in daily outdoor walking speed among community-dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatrics. 2021; 21 (1):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHisashi Kawai; Shuichi Obuchi; Ryo Hirayama; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Yoshiyuki Kobayashi; Masaaki Mochimaru; Eiki Tsushima; Kozo Nakamura. 2021. "Intra-day variation in daily outdoor walking speed among community-dwelling older adults." BMC Geriatrics 21, no. 1: 1-8.
Objective This study investigated the association between oral hypofunction and malnutrition among community-dwelling older adults. Background Oral hypofunction, a 7-component phenotype of the clinical features of oral health, has been described in Japan. Data about its association with nutritional status are limited. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 715 adults (mean age, 73.5 years; range, 65-91 years) from the Otassha Study. Oral hypofunction was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the following 7 components: poor oral hygiene; oral dryness; low occlusal force; low articulatory oral motor skill; low tongue pressure; low masticatory performance; and compromised swallowing function. The Mini Nutritional Assessment®-Short Form (MNA®-SF) was used to assess the nutritional status. Malnutrition was defined as having an MNA®-SF score of seven or less. The association between oral hypofunction and nutritional status was evaluated using ordinal logistic regression analyses. Results The prevalence rates of oral hypofunction and malnutrition were 42.7% and 4.1%, respectively. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses revealed that oral hypofunction was associated with malnutrition. The adjusted relative risk of malnutrition in the study participants with oral hypofunction was 3.00 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.29-6.98. Conclusion Community-dwelling older adults whose oral functions were compromised in multiple aspects had poor nutritional status.
Masanori Iwasaki; Keiko Motokawa; Yutaka Watanabe; Maki Shirobe; Yuki Ohara; Ayako Edahiro; Hisashi Kawai; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Shuichi Obuchi; Hirohiko Hirano. Oral hypofunction and malnutrition among community—dwelling older adults: Evidence from the Otassha study. Gerodontology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMasanori Iwasaki, Keiko Motokawa, Yutaka Watanabe, Maki Shirobe, Yuki Ohara, Ayako Edahiro, Hisashi Kawai, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Hunkyung Kim, Kazushige Ihara, Shuichi Obuchi, Hirohiko Hirano. Oral hypofunction and malnutrition among community—dwelling older adults: Evidence from the Otassha study. Gerodontology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasanori Iwasaki; Keiko Motokawa; Yutaka Watanabe; Maki Shirobe; Yuki Ohara; Ayako Edahiro; Hisashi Kawai; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Shuichi Obuchi; Hirohiko Hirano. 2021. "Oral hypofunction and malnutrition among community—dwelling older adults: Evidence from the Otassha study." Gerodontology , no. : 1.
Oral hypofunction, resulting from a combined decrease in multiple oral functions, may affect systemic-condition deterioration; however, few studies have examined the association between oral hypofunction and general health among older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between oral hypofunction and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. We included 878 adults (268 men and 610 women, mean age 76.5 ± 8.3 years). Tongue coating index, oral moisture, occlusal force, oral diadochokinesis (/pa/,/ta/,/ka/), tongue pressure, mas-ticatory function, and swallowing function were evaluated as indicators of oral hypofunction. Grip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle mass index were measured as diagnostic sarcopenia parameters. The association between oral hypofunction and sarcopenia was examined via logistic regression using sarcopenia as the dependent variable. Oral hypofunction prevalence was 50.5% overall, 40.3% in men, and 54.9% in women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 18.6% overall, 9.7% in men, and 22.5% in women. A logistic regression showed oral hypofunction, age, body mass index, higher-level functional capacity, and serum albumin level were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia occurred at an increased frequency in patients diagnosed with oral hypofunction (odds ratio: 1.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–2.47); accordingly, oral hypofunction appears to be significantly associated with sarcopenia.
Yoshihiro Kugimiya; Masanori Iwasaki; Yuki Ohara; Keiko Motokawa; Ayako Edahiro; Maki Shirobe; Yutaka Watanabe; Shuichi Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Takayuki Ueda; Hirohiko Hirano. Relationship between Oral Hypofunction and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Otassha Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6666 .
AMA StyleYoshihiro Kugimiya, Masanori Iwasaki, Yuki Ohara, Keiko Motokawa, Ayako Edahiro, Maki Shirobe, Yutaka Watanabe, Shuichi Obuchi, Hisashi Kawai, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Hunkyung Kim, Takayuki Ueda, Hirohiko Hirano. Relationship between Oral Hypofunction and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Otassha Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshihiro Kugimiya; Masanori Iwasaki; Yuki Ohara; Keiko Motokawa; Ayako Edahiro; Maki Shirobe; Yutaka Watanabe; Shuichi Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Takayuki Ueda; Hirohiko Hirano. 2021. "Relationship between Oral Hypofunction and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Otassha Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6666.
The mechanisms that regulate human walking are not fully understood, although there has been substantial research. In our study, we hypothesized that, although walking can be volitionally modified, it is also involuntary and controlled by evolutionary factors, such as the relationship between temperature and movement speed in poikilotherms. This study aimed to determine the effects of environmental temperature on speed, step length, and cadence during unrestrained walking over long periods. Customers of a private insurance company were asked to use a background smartphone GPS application that measured walking parameters. Participants were 1065 app users (298 men and 767 women) aged 14–86 years. Observed walking speed and cadence were higher in winter (average maximum temperature: 10.2 °C) than in summer (average maximum temperature: 29.8 °C) (p < 0.001). The walking parameters were closely related to environmental temperature, with cadence most strongly correlated with daily maximum temperature (r = − 0.812, p < 0.001) and indicating a curvilinear relationship. A decrease in environmental temperature was found to increase cadence when the temperature was below 30 °C. The findings suggest that walking may be regulated by environmental temperature and potentially by the autonomic nervous system’s response to environmental temperature.
Shuichi P. Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Juan C. Garbalosa; Kazumasa Nishida; Kenji Murakawa. Walking is regulated by environmental temperature. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -8.
AMA StyleShuichi P. Obuchi, Hisashi Kawai, Juan C. Garbalosa, Kazumasa Nishida, Kenji Murakawa. Walking is regulated by environmental temperature. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuichi P. Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Juan C. Garbalosa; Kazumasa Nishida; Kenji Murakawa. 2021. "Walking is regulated by environmental temperature." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-8.
Due to the high infectivity and seriousness of coronavirus disease, people’s daily activities were restricted in countries worldwide; governments implemented lockdown measures and advised individuals to perform self-restraint in terms of leaving the house. However, there have been few scientific reports on the effects of such behavioral restrictions on walking parameters. Did behavioral restrictions during the state of emergency in Japan effect walking parameters in daily life outdoor walking? In this retrospective cohort study, four walking parameters, namely, the average number of steps taken, walking speed, step length, and cadence, were measured using a smartphone application among 3901 participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 60.3 ± 28.9 years) from March 2 to June 15 in both 2019 and 2020. Repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the walking parameters between the two years. The number of steps significantly decreased (p < .001) in 2020 (∼3400 steps) compared to that in 2019 (∼4400 steps), indicating that the state of emergency greatly affected the amount of physical activity performed per individual. Conversely, walking speed increased (p < .001 during the period when the state of emergency was issued) in 2020 (∼1.25 m/s) compared to that in 2019 (∼1.23 m/s), attributable to an increased step length. Although changes in walking speed and step length were small compared to those in the number of steps, those changes were consistently seen during the state of emergency, suggesting that people tried to walk faster in their outdoor walking. Such change in walking behavior may have protected further deterioration of health due to restricted activity.
Shuichi P. Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Manami Ejiri; Kumiko Ito; Kenji Murakawa. Change in outdoor walking behavior during the coronavirus disease pandemic in Japan: A longitudinal study. Gait & Posture 2021, 88, 42 -46.
AMA StyleShuichi P. Obuchi, Hisashi Kawai, Manami Ejiri, Kumiko Ito, Kenji Murakawa. Change in outdoor walking behavior during the coronavirus disease pandemic in Japan: A longitudinal study. Gait & Posture. 2021; 88 ():42-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuichi P. Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Manami Ejiri; Kumiko Ito; Kenji Murakawa. 2021. "Change in outdoor walking behavior during the coronavirus disease pandemic in Japan: A longitudinal study." Gait & Posture 88, no. : 42-46.
Objectives: Eating alone is associated with an increased risk of depression symptoms. This association may be confounded by poor social networks. The present study aimed to determine the role of poor social networks in the association of eating alone with depression symptoms, focusing on cohabitation status. Methods: Seven hundred and ten community-dwelling older adults were categorised according to their eating style and social network size, evaluated by an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale, with poor social network size defined as the lowest quartile. Living arrangements and depression symptoms, detected by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, were also assessed. Results: A mixed-design two-way ANCOVA (eating style and social network size factors) for the depression scale score, adjusted by covariates, yielded significant effects of social network size and eating style without interaction. Greater depression scores were observed in eating alone and poor social network size. Analysis of participants living with others showed the same results. However, among older adults living alone, only a significant main effect of social network size was observed; poor social network size resulted in greater depression scores irrespective of eating style. Conclusions: Poor social network size, and not eating alone, was associated with greater depression symptoms among older adults living alone, whereas both factors may increase depression symptoms among older adults living with others. Poor social network size may show a stronger influence on depression than eating alone in older adults living alone; thus, social network size is an important health indicator.
Ryota Sakurai; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Hunkyung Kim; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Kazushige Ihara; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara. Association of Eating Alone With Depression Among Older Adults Living Alone: Role of Poor Social Networks. Journal of Epidemiology 2021, 31, 297 -300.
AMA StyleRyota Sakurai, Hisashi Kawai, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Hunkyung Kim, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Kazushige Ihara, Shuichi Obuchi, Yoshinori Fujiwara. Association of Eating Alone With Depression Among Older Adults Living Alone: Role of Poor Social Networks. Journal of Epidemiology. 2021; 31 (4):297-300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyota Sakurai; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Hunkyung Kim; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Kazushige Ihara; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara. 2021. "Association of Eating Alone With Depression Among Older Adults Living Alone: Role of Poor Social Networks." Journal of Epidemiology 31, no. 4: 297-300.
The association between dietary diversity and frailty remains unknown in older people. We evaluated whether a limited dietary variety is associated with frailty in older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional investigation included 1357 adults (median age: 77 years, women: 61.3%). DM was determined by self-reporting, the Dietary Variety Score (DVS) was used to evaluate dietary variety, and the revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria evaluated frailty. Participants were divided into 4 groups: no DM/high DVS (non-DMHV), no DM/low DVS (non-DMLV), DM/high DVS (DMHV), and DM/low DVS (DMLV). The prevalence of frailty in each group was 3.6%, 6.7%, 6.7%, and 12.2%. After adjusting for covariates, logistic regression analysis revealed the highest odds ratio (OR) of frailty in the DMLV (non-DMLV, OR = 2.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–3.83); DMHV, OR = 1.87 (95% CI: 0.63–5.52); DML, OR = 5.03 (95% CI: 2.05–12.35)). Another logistic regression analysis revealed that a low DVS and DM were independently associated with frailty. Both a low dietary variety and DM were independently related to frailty in older people and the combination increased the prevalence of frailty. These findings suggest that high dietary variety could be important for the prevention of frailty in people with DM.
Misato Hayakawa; Keiko Motokawa; Yurie Mikami; Kaori Yamamoto; Maki Shirobe; Ayako Edahiro; Masanori Iwasaki; Yuki Ohara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hisashi Kawai; Motonaga Kojima; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Hiroki Inagaki; Shoji Shinkai; Shuichi Awata; Atsushi Araki; Hirohiko Hirano. Low Dietary Variety and Diabetes Mellitus are Associated with Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 641 .
AMA StyleMisato Hayakawa, Keiko Motokawa, Yurie Mikami, Kaori Yamamoto, Maki Shirobe, Ayako Edahiro, Masanori Iwasaki, Yuki Ohara, Yutaka Watanabe, Hisashi Kawai, Motonaga Kojima, Shuichi Obuchi, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Hunkyung Kim, Kazushige Ihara, Hiroki Inagaki, Shoji Shinkai, Shuichi Awata, Atsushi Araki, Hirohiko Hirano. Low Dietary Variety and Diabetes Mellitus are Associated with Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMisato Hayakawa; Keiko Motokawa; Yurie Mikami; Kaori Yamamoto; Maki Shirobe; Ayako Edahiro; Masanori Iwasaki; Yuki Ohara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hisashi Kawai; Motonaga Kojima; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Hiroki Inagaki; Shoji Shinkai; Shuichi Awata; Atsushi Araki; Hirohiko Hirano. 2021. "Low Dietary Variety and Diabetes Mellitus are Associated with Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 641.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between objective chewing ability and the nutritional status of Japanese community-dwelling elders. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 509 community-dwelling elders living in the Tokyo metropolitan area participated in a comprehensive survey conducted in October 2013. Measurements: The basic characteristics were sex, age, and body mass index. Undernutrition was examined through serum albumin levels. Chewing ability was examined through color-changeable xylitol gum by evaluating the color changes in chewing gum. Nutritional intake was examined using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: In the poor chewing ability group, all nutrient intake levels were significantly low, except for carbohydrates, and intake levels for all food groups were significantly low, except for cereals, confectionery, sugars, seasonings, and spices. Additionally, after adjusting for covariates for sex, age, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology-Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) score, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, body mass index (BMI), stroke, number of functional teeth, energy intake, and protein intake, chewing ability was found to be significantly associated with undernutrition. Conclusion: We concluded that chewing ability was closely associated with nutrient and different food groups’ intake, as well as undernutrition, among Japanese community-dwelling elders. Thus, to ensure comprehensive nutritional management, nutritionists and dentists should collaborate when treating the same patients.
Keiko Motokawa; Yurie Mikami; Maki Shirobe; Ayako Edahiro; Yuki Ohara; Masanori Iwasaki; Yutaka Watanabe; Hisashi Kawai; Takeshi Kera; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hirohiko Hirano. Relationship between Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1216 .
AMA StyleKeiko Motokawa, Yurie Mikami, Maki Shirobe, Ayako Edahiro, Yuki Ohara, Masanori Iwasaki, Yutaka Watanabe, Hisashi Kawai, Takeshi Kera, Shuichi Obuchi, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Hirohiko Hirano. Relationship between Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKeiko Motokawa; Yurie Mikami; Maki Shirobe; Ayako Edahiro; Yuki Ohara; Masanori Iwasaki; Yutaka Watanabe; Hisashi Kawai; Takeshi Kera; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hirohiko Hirano. 2021. "Relationship between Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1216.
: Preventing social isolation is essential for promoting healthy aging. This study aims to 1) systematically review and synthesize the predictors of objectively measured social isolation from observational studies that have treated isolation as an outcome in community-dwelling older adults, and 2) overview previous studies in this area and reveal an agenda to develop future research. : Peer-reviewed primary studies published in English or Japanese were identified from PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi, and CiNii. We followed the PRISMA statement. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. : Of the 1,161 studies identified, 10 were included in the review. Most studies were cross-sectional and published in the past 20 years. The risk of bias score ranged from 3 to 6 for the individual studies, indicating a moderate to high risk. The assessment measures for social isolation and proportion of isolated subjects varied greatly across studies. Findings on the predictors of social isolation from each study were clustered into four categories: socio-demographic factors, physical health factors, psychological and cognitive factors, and social and cultural factors. : It was difficult to confirm these predictors conclusively because of the cross-sectional study design and a huge variety of assessment tools for social isolation. This result suggests the need to build consensus on the appropriate scales and standard cut-off points for assessing social isolation. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are urgently required. When considering predictors of social isolation, it is also essential to consider the regional and ethnic background of the samples studied.
Manami Ejiri; Hisashi Kawai; Kaori Ishii; Koichiro Oka; Shuichi Obuchi. Predictors of older adults’ objectively measured social isolation: A systematic review of observational studies. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2021, 94, 104357 .
AMA StyleManami Ejiri, Hisashi Kawai, Kaori Ishii, Koichiro Oka, Shuichi Obuchi. Predictors of older adults’ objectively measured social isolation: A systematic review of observational studies. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2021; 94 ():104357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManami Ejiri; Hisashi Kawai; Kaori Ishii; Koichiro Oka; Shuichi Obuchi. 2021. "Predictors of older adults’ objectively measured social isolation: A systematic review of observational studies." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 94, no. : 104357.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between objective chewing ability and nutritional status of Japanese community-dwelling elders. Design: Cross sectional study. Participants: In total, 509 community-dwelling elders living in the Tokyo metropolitan area participated in a comprehensive survey occurring in October 2013. Measurements: Basic characteristics referred to sex, age, and body mass index. Undernutrition was examined through serum albumin levels. Chewing ability was examined through a color-changeable xylitol gum. By evaluating color changes in the chewing gum. Nutritional intake was examined through the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results: In the poor chewing ability group, all nutrient intake levels were significantly low, except for carbohydrates and all food groups intake levels were significantly low, except for cereals, confectionery, sugars, seasonings, and spices. Additionally, after adjusting for covariates, chewing ability showed a significant association with undernutrition. Conclusion: We concluded that chewing ability was closely associated with nutrient and different food groups intake as well as undernutrition among Japanese community-dwelling elders. Thus, in order to ensure a comprehensive nutritional management, nutritionists and dentists should collaborate when treating the same patients.
Keiko Motokawa; Yurie Mikami; Maki Shirobe; Ayako Edahiro; Yuki Ohara; Masanori Iwasaki; Yutaka Watanabe; Hisashi Kawai; Takeshi Kera; Shuichi P Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hirohiko Hirano. Relationship Between Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleKeiko Motokawa, Yurie Mikami, Maki Shirobe, Ayako Edahiro, Yuki Ohara, Masanori Iwasaki, Yutaka Watanabe, Hisashi Kawai, Takeshi Kera, Shuichi P Obuchi, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Hirohiko Hirano. Relationship Between Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKeiko Motokawa; Yurie Mikami; Maki Shirobe; Ayako Edahiro; Yuki Ohara; Masanori Iwasaki; Yutaka Watanabe; Hisashi Kawai; Takeshi Kera; Shuichi P Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hirohiko Hirano. 2020. "Relationship Between Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study." , no. : 1.
This study aimed to examine the concurrent validity of a novel motor-cognitive dual-task test, the Stepping Trail Making Test (S-TMT), as an indicator of cognitive impairment (CI), and compare its screening performance to that of motor or cognitive tests alone. This was a population-based cross-sectional study including 965 Japanese adults aged ≥ 70 years. To measure the time taken to perform the S-TMT, the participants were instructed to step on 16 numbers in sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. Motor and cognitive functions were assessed by gait speed and TMT part A (TMT-A), respectively. Participants were classified into CI (< 24 points), mild CI (MCI, 24–27 points), and intact cognition (> 27 points) categories based on their Mini-Mental State Examination score. Binary logistic regression models showed that the addition of the S-TMT to the covariates model gave the highest discrimination index (c-statistics), and significantly improved reclassification indices (net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement) for screening both CI and MCI compared to those of gait speed or TMT-A alone. These results show that S-TMT has a concurrent validity as a dual-task test for screening CI and MCI and better discrimination and reclassification performance than motor or cognitive tests alone in older adults.
Yosuke Osuka; Hunkyung Kim; Yutaka Watanabe; Yu Taniguchi; Narumi Kojima; Satoshi Seino; Hisashi Kawai; Ryota Sakurai; Hiroki Inagaki; Shuichi Awata; Shoji Shinkai. A Stepping Trail Making Test as an Indicator of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 2835 .
AMA StyleYosuke Osuka, Hunkyung Kim, Yutaka Watanabe, Yu Taniguchi, Narumi Kojima, Satoshi Seino, Hisashi Kawai, Ryota Sakurai, Hiroki Inagaki, Shuichi Awata, Shoji Shinkai. A Stepping Trail Making Test as an Indicator of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (9):2835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYosuke Osuka; Hunkyung Kim; Yutaka Watanabe; Yu Taniguchi; Narumi Kojima; Satoshi Seino; Hisashi Kawai; Ryota Sakurai; Hiroki Inagaki; Shuichi Awata; Shoji Shinkai. 2020. "A Stepping Trail Making Test as an Indicator of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2835.
Ground reaction force (GRF) during sit-to-stand motion is associated with lower extremity strength and balance function. The relationship between GRF and experience of falls has been reported; however, there are no reports on whether GRF can predict the incidence of future falls. We aimed to evaluate the ability of GRF to predict falls and compare GRF with existing predictors. This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 456 community-dwelling older adults living in Itabashi ward who participated in health check-ups in 2016 and 2017. Participants’ physical and cognitive functions were assessed, and the maximum GRF (F), F/weight (F/W), rate of force development (RFD), RFD/W (RFD/weight), and time taken to stand up were evaluated. The following year, participants were asked to report the number of falls during the year. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between the lowest quintile of each GRF parameter as a predictive factor for falling and assess the annual incidence of falls. Twenty-three participants reported having two or more falls in the previous year. Of all GRF parameters evaluated, only F/W was lower in the fallers than in the non-fallers. After adjusting for sex, age, lifestyle, and comorbidities, F/W was associated with falls in 1 year, and the lowest F/W group had higher risks of falls than the highest F/W group (hazard ratio 2.72, 95 % confidence interval 1.11–6.68). Other measures were not associated with falls. GRF during the sit-to-stand motion might predict the incidence of future falls.
Takeshi Kera; Hisashi Kawai; Junta Takahashi; Hirohiko Hirano; Yutaka Watanabe; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Shuichi Obuchi. Association between ground reaction force in sit-to-stand motion and falls in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2020, 91, 104221 .
AMA StyleTakeshi Kera, Hisashi Kawai, Junta Takahashi, Hirohiko Hirano, Yutaka Watanabe, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Hunkyung Kim, Shuichi Obuchi. Association between ground reaction force in sit-to-stand motion and falls in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2020; 91 ():104221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakeshi Kera; Hisashi Kawai; Junta Takahashi; Hirohiko Hirano; Yutaka Watanabe; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Shuichi Obuchi. 2020. "Association between ground reaction force in sit-to-stand motion and falls in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 91, no. : 104221.
This study aims to clarify the factors associated with the gradual withdrawal from society in older adults. We defined the stages of follow-up difficulty based on four follow-up surveys on non-respondents of longitudinal mail surveys in community-dwelling older adults to examine the main factors associated with the stages of follow-up difficulty. We conducted a follow-up mail survey (FL1) with respondents of a baseline survey, and three more follow-up surveys with the non-respondents of each previous survey: simplified mail (FL2), postcard (FL3), and home visit surveys (FL4). The respondents of each follow-up survey were defined as a stage of follow-up difficulty; their characteristics concerning social participation and interaction at baseline in each stage were analyzed. The number of respondents in the FL1, FL2, FL3, and FL4 stages and non-respondents (NR) were as follows: 2,361; 462; 234; 84; and 101, respectively. Participation in hobby groups in FL2 and FL3, sports groups in FL4, and neighborhood association and social isolation in NR were significantly associated with the stage of follow-up difficulty. Based on these results, we conclude that the following factors are associated with each stage of follow-up difficulty: 1) a decline in instrumental activities of daily living in the FL2 and FL3 stages, 2) dislike for participating in physical activity such as sports in the FL4 stage, and 3) social isolation, not even belonging to a neighborhood association due to low social interaction in the NR group.
Hisashi Kawai; Manami Ejiri; Harukazu Tsuruta; Yukie Masui; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Masashi Tanaka; Shuichi Obuchi. Factors associated with follow-up difficulty in longitudinal studies involving community-dwelling older adults. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0237166 .
AMA StyleHisashi Kawai, Manami Ejiri, Harukazu Tsuruta, Yukie Masui, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Masashi Tanaka, Shuichi Obuchi. Factors associated with follow-up difficulty in longitudinal studies involving community-dwelling older adults. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (8):e0237166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHisashi Kawai; Manami Ejiri; Harukazu Tsuruta; Yukie Masui; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Masashi Tanaka; Shuichi Obuchi. 2020. "Factors associated with follow-up difficulty in longitudinal studies involving community-dwelling older adults." PLOS ONE 15, no. 8: e0237166.
BACKGROUND The Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment Tool (CompBased-CAT) has been reported to have concurrent validity with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and discriminating ability for dementia, but it was not clear whether it could predict incidence of cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE This study examined the ability of the CompBased-CAT to predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 2 years among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted, involving 455 older adults (median age 72 years, range 65-89 years, 62.0% female) dwelling in communities. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE. MCI was defined as an MMSE score RESULTS After 2 years, 32 (7.0%) of participants developed MCI. ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.79, a sensitivity of 0.76, and a specificity of 0.75. Logistic regression analysis showed that total Z-score was significantly associated with prevention of MCI. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.18-1.52, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that CompBased-CAT has sufficient predictive ability for MCI 2 years later and that it is useful for identifying dementia at an early stage.
Junta Takahashi; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Akiko Miki; Shuichi Obuchi. Predictive ability of the Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment Tool for mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: a 2-Year Longitudinal Study (Preprint). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJunta Takahashi, Hisashi Kawai, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Hunkyung Kim, Kazushige Ihara, Akiko Miki, Shuichi Obuchi. Predictive ability of the Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment Tool for mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: a 2-Year Longitudinal Study (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunta Takahashi; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Akiko Miki; Shuichi Obuchi. 2020. "Predictive ability of the Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment Tool for mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: a 2-Year Longitudinal Study (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
Walking speed is closely related to numerous health outcomes. It has typically been measured in laboratory settings, where individuals can intentionally change their walking speed. It can be accurately measured in daily life using a smartphone global positioning system. We aimed to present a reference value on walking speed in daily life by sex and age. The data were obtained using a walking monitoring service involving global positioning system technology. A secondary data analysis was carried out. Four daily living walking parameters – daily living walking speed, daily living walking cycle, daily living step length and daily living cadence – of 8429 Japanese persons were measured in their daily life using a smartphone application. The means (standard deviations) of daily living walking speed, daily living walking cycle, daily living step length and daily living cadence were 1.30 m/s (0.10 m/s), 1.02 s (0.06 s), 65.55 cm (5.38 cm) and 118.86 steps/min (6.76 steps/min), respectively. Notably, daily living walking speed in those aged >65 years was significantly slower than in those aged <65 years. The present reference values and age differences of daily living walking parameters can be used to compare daily living walking speed data measured by other devices, such as accelerometers. This could allow for a consensus on the definition of daily walking speed that can be utilized for assessing health outcomes among older individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 664–669.
Shuichi P Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Kenji Murakawa. Reference value on daily living walking parameters among Japanese adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 2020, 20, 664 -669.
AMA StyleShuichi P Obuchi, Hisashi Kawai, Kenji Murakawa. Reference value on daily living walking parameters among Japanese adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2020; 20 (7):664-669.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuichi P Obuchi; Hisashi Kawai; Kenji Murakawa. 2020. "Reference value on daily living walking parameters among Japanese adults." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 20, no. 7: 664-669.
Although there is evidence on the predictors of adverse health outcomes in older individuals, walking speed has typically been measured in laboratory settings (LWS); LWS may be distinct from individuals’ actual walking speed in their daily lives (DWS). We examined whether DWS differs from LWS among older adults, and its association with physical frailty. Participants were 90 community-dwelling older adults. A five-meter normal (LWSnor) and maximum (LWSmax) walking speed was measured with a stopwatch. DWS was measured using a global positioning system-related smartphone application for one month during their daily lives. DWSavr, DWSmax, and DWSsd were defined as the average, maximum, and standard deviation of walking speed for one month. Participants’ mean DWSavr and DWSmax were 1.28 m/s and 2.14 m/s, respectively, significantly slower than the mean LWSnor (1.42 m/s) and LWSmax (2.24 m/s); the intraclass correlation coefficient between DWS and LWS were 0.188 to 0.341. DWS was significantly correlated with grip strength, one-legged stance, and LWS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of DWSsd concerning pre-frailty was largest among DWSs, at 0.615, while that of LWSnor was 0.643. The findings suggest that DWS differs from LWS and is associated with physical function and pre-frailty.
Hisashi Kawai; Shuichi Obuchi; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Yoshiyuki Kobayashi; Masaaki Mochimaru; Eiki Tsushima; Kozo Nakamura. Association between Daily Living Walking Speed and Walking Speed in Laboratory Settings in Healthy Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2707 .
AMA StyleHisashi Kawai, Shuichi Obuchi, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Hunkyung Kim, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Masaaki Mochimaru, Eiki Tsushima, Kozo Nakamura. Association between Daily Living Walking Speed and Walking Speed in Laboratory Settings in Healthy Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHisashi Kawai; Shuichi Obuchi; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Kazushige Ihara; Hunkyung Kim; Yoshiyuki Kobayashi; Masaaki Mochimaru; Eiki Tsushima; Kozo Nakamura. 2020. "Association between Daily Living Walking Speed and Walking Speed in Laboratory Settings in Healthy Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2707.
Recent research has suggested that the breadth and evenness of activity and activity diversity contribute to health outcomes among older adults. However, few established assessment tools for activity diversity have been developed. This study developed an Activity Diversity Questionnaire (ADQ) for older adults through expert consultation and a preliminary survey among 18 community-dwelling older adults. The diversity score was calculated according to Shannon’s entropy. In study 1, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the diversity scores were determined for community-dwelling older adults (n = 30). In study 2, concurrent validity was tested with participants receiving comprehensive health checkups at the Itabashi ward in Japan in 2018 (n = 766). The correlation coefficients of the diversity scores were then calculated in reference to the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence. The final version of the ADQ consisted of 20 total items with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.84) and moderate correlations with both the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (r = 0.48 and 0.60, respectively). The ADQ was developed through scientific procedures and revealed sufficient reliability and validity. As such, it is a scientifically validated tool for assessing activity diversity among older adults.
Junta Takahashi; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Kaori Ishii; Koichiro Oka; Shuichi Obuchi. Reliability and Validity of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire for Older Adults in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2384 .
AMA StyleJunta Takahashi, Hisashi Kawai, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Hunkyung Kim, Kazushige Ihara, Kaori Ishii, Koichiro Oka, Shuichi Obuchi. Reliability and Validity of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire for Older Adults in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunta Takahashi; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Kaori Ishii; Koichiro Oka; Shuichi Obuchi. 2020. "Reliability and Validity of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire for Older Adults in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2384.
Sarcopenia is associated with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and basic activities of daily living (BADL) disabilities. We developed an index for assessing sarcopenia degree (sarcoscore) and compared it to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Principal component analyses of walking speed, handgrip strength, and skeletal muscle index were performed to develop a sarcoscore using 3088 Japanese population-based cross-sectional data. During the nine-year follow-up, 278 of 2571 and 88 of 2341 participants developed IADL and BADL disabilities, respectively. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that the sarcoscore criteria, defined as proportional to the sarcopenia prevalence diagnosed by the AWGS criteria, had higher hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for disability onset than the AWGS criteria (IADL disability: 2.19 (1.64–2.93) vs. 1.79 (1.32–2.43), BADL disability: 4.28 (2.63–6.96) vs. 3.22 (1.97–5.27)). The adjusted HRs for IADL and BADL disabilities were reduced by 4% and 8% per point increase in the sarcoscore, respectively. The sarcoscore assessed the degree of sarcopenia and had a satisfactory performance for predicting functional disabilities in older Japanese adults, suggesting its usefulness as a complementary composite marker for clinical diagnosis.
Yosuke Osuka; Hunkyung Kim; Hisashi Kawai; Yu Taniguchi; Yuri Yokoyama; Satoshi Seino; Shuichi Obuchi; Akihiko Kitamura; Shoji Shinkai. Sarcoscore: A Novel Approach for Assessing Sarcopenia and Functional Disability in Older Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 692 .
AMA StyleYosuke Osuka, Hunkyung Kim, Hisashi Kawai, Yu Taniguchi, Yuri Yokoyama, Satoshi Seino, Shuichi Obuchi, Akihiko Kitamura, Shoji Shinkai. Sarcoscore: A Novel Approach for Assessing Sarcopenia and Functional Disability in Older Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (3):692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYosuke Osuka; Hunkyung Kim; Hisashi Kawai; Yu Taniguchi; Yuri Yokoyama; Satoshi Seino; Shuichi Obuchi; Akihiko Kitamura; Shoji Shinkai. 2020. "Sarcoscore: A Novel Approach for Assessing Sarcopenia and Functional Disability in Older Adults." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 692.
Aim The Mini‐Mental State Examination is a widely used cognitive assessment tool. However, it has several limitations, including the learning effect and interrater reliability. Therefore, we developed a Computer‐Based Cognitive Assessment Tool (CompBased‐CAT), which runs on a tablet or personal computer. In this study, we examined the validity and discrimination ability of the CompBased‐CAT. Methods Participants were recruited from the Otasha‐Kenshin study carried out in 2016. We included 773 community‐dwelling older individuals in Japan (332 men, 441 women, aged 65–97 years). CompBased‐CAT scores were converted to z‐scores, and the correlation with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Furthermore, the ability to discern cognitive impairment was examined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The Pearson's correlation coefficient for the Mini‐Mental State Examination scores and each task component of the CompBased‐CAT ranged from 0.24 to 0.41 (P < 0.001), and the correlation coefficient of the total z‐scores was 0.51 (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the discriminating ability of the CompBased‐CATool for cognitive impairment were 0.81, 0.77 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusions The CompBased‐CAT certainly possesses validity, discriminating ability and utility as a new cognitive assessment tool in community‐dwelling older individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Junta Takahashi; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Akiko Miki; Shuichi Obuchi. Development and validity of the Computer‐Based Cognitive Assessment Tool for intervention in community‐dwelling older individuals. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 2020, 20, 171 -175.
AMA StyleJunta Takahashi, Hisashi Kawai, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Hunkyung Kim, Kazushige Ihara, Akiko Miki, Shuichi Obuchi. Development and validity of the Computer‐Based Cognitive Assessment Tool for intervention in community‐dwelling older individuals. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2020; 20 (3):171-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunta Takahashi; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Hunkyung Kim; Kazushige Ihara; Akiko Miki; Shuichi Obuchi. 2020. "Development and validity of the Computer‐Based Cognitive Assessment Tool for intervention in community‐dwelling older individuals." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 20, no. 3: 171-175.
Considering the rate of growth of the older population in several countries, accidental falls in older cyclists are expected to increase. However, the prevalence and correlates of bicycle-related falls (BR-falls) are unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the characteristics of BR-falls, focusing on the risk factors. Seven-hundred and ninety-one older adults participated in a comprehensive baseline assessment that included questions on bicycle use, BR-falls, lifestyle, and physical and cognitive evaluations. A cyclist was defined as a person who cycled at least a few times per month. The incidence of BR-falls in participants who did not report BR-falls at baseline was again ascertained 3 years later. Logistic regression analyses examined the predictors of BR-falls incidence. At baseline, 395 older adults were cyclists and 45 (11.4%) of them had experienced BR-falls. Adjusted regression analysis showed that slower gait velocity, shorter one-leg standing time, and experience of falls (ie, non-BR-falls) were associated with BR-falls. Among the 214 cyclists who did not report BR-falls at baseline and who participated in both baseline and follow-up assessments, 35 (16.4%) cyclists experienced BR-falls during the 3-year follow-up. Adjusted regression analysis revealed that higher body mass index and non-BR-falls were predictors of future incidence of BR-falls, independent of physical function. Our results showed that experience of falls, irrespective of bicycling, is an independent correlate and risk factor of BR-falls. This suggests that experience of falls and BR-falls may share the same risk factors.
Ryota Sakurai; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Susumu Ogawa; Hunkyung Kim; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Kazushige Ihara; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara. An Epidemiological Study of the Risk Factors of Bicycle-Related Falls Among Japanese Older Adults. Journal of Epidemiology 2019, 29, 487 -490.
AMA StyleRyota Sakurai, Hisashi Kawai, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Susumu Ogawa, Hunkyung Kim, Yutaka Watanabe, Hirohiko Hirano, Kazushige Ihara, Shuichi Obuchi, Yoshinori Fujiwara. An Epidemiological Study of the Risk Factors of Bicycle-Related Falls Among Japanese Older Adults. Journal of Epidemiology. 2019; 29 (12):487-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyota Sakurai; Hisashi Kawai; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Susumu Ogawa; Hunkyung Kim; Yutaka Watanabe; Hirohiko Hirano; Kazushige Ihara; Shuichi Obuchi; Yoshinori Fujiwara. 2019. "An Epidemiological Study of the Risk Factors of Bicycle-Related Falls Among Japanese Older Adults." Journal of Epidemiology 29, no. 12: 487-490.