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Aim Exploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses by assessing the effect of non-native black locust canopy on understorey species turnover. Location Berlin, the Venetian metropolitan area, and Rome. Methods We modelled the zeta (ζ) expression of diversity to compare the understorey species turnover between the non-native black locust and native woodland canopies across multiple sites and through predictors of anthropogenic pressure (road and built-up density) and interior conditions (tree basal area and mean height). Results In Rome, black locust showed the lowest survivability and cover and did not produce any homogenization of the understorey. In Berlin and in the Venetian metropolitan area, black locust caused understorey homogenization, although with a lower intensity in Berlin. Under black locust canopies, distance between sites and road density was more consistently associated with species turnover, across urban areas and multiple sites. Under native canopies in Berlin, factors prominently associated with species turnover were road and built-up density and mean tree height, while in the Venetian metropolitan area it was road density. Main conclusions Evidence in support of the biotic homogenization in contrast to the diversity resistance hypothesis varied across urban areas. Species turnover was influenced by land use patterns more evidently under native tree canopies and where the non-native tree had higher survivability. Similar analyses in other urban areas may confirm these relationships with other types of landscapes.
Tommaso Sitzia; Simone Iacopino; Sabina Burrascano; Thomas Campagnaro; Laura Celesti‐Grapow; Cecilia Bacchetti; Arne Cierjacks; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz von der Lippe; Giovanni Trentanovi. Exploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses: The understorey of non‐native and native woodland canopies in three urban areas of Europe. Diversity and Distributions 2021, 27, 1747 -1758.
AMA StyleTommaso Sitzia, Simone Iacopino, Sabina Burrascano, Thomas Campagnaro, Laura Celesti‐Grapow, Cecilia Bacchetti, Arne Cierjacks, Ingo Kowarik, Moritz von der Lippe, Giovanni Trentanovi. Exploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses: The understorey of non‐native and native woodland canopies in three urban areas of Europe. Diversity and Distributions. 2021; 27 (9):1747-1758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Sitzia; Simone Iacopino; Sabina Burrascano; Thomas Campagnaro; Laura Celesti‐Grapow; Cecilia Bacchetti; Arne Cierjacks; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz von der Lippe; Giovanni Trentanovi. 2021. "Exploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses: The understorey of non‐native and native woodland canopies in three urban areas of Europe." Diversity and Distributions 27, no. 9: 1747-1758.
Road corridors are important conduits for plant invasions, and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms is necessary for efficient management of invasive alien species in road networks. Previous studies identified road type with different traffic volumes as a key driver of seed dispersal and abundance of alien plants along roads. However, how the intensity of traffic interacts with the habitat features of roadsides in shaping invasion processes is not sufficiently understood. To elucidate these interactions, we analyzed the population dynamics of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), a common non-indigenous annual species in Europe and other continents, in a regional road network in Germany. Over a period of five years, we recorded plant densities at roadsides along four types of road corridors, subject to different intensities of traffic, and with a total length of about 300 km. We also classified roadsides in regard to habitat features (disturbance, shade). This allowed us to determine corridor- and habitat-specific mean population growth rates and spatial-temporal shifts in roadside plant abundances at the regional scale. Our results show that both traffic intensity and roadside habitat features significantly affect the population dynamics of ragweed. The combination of high traffic intensity and high disturbance intensity led to the highest mean population growth whereas population growth in less suitable habitats (e.g. shaded roadsides) declined with decreasing traffic intensity. We conclude that high traffic facilitates ragweed invasion along roads, likely due to continued seed dispersal, and can compensate partly for less suitable habitat features (i.e. shade) that decrease population growth along less trafficked roads. As a practical implication, management efforts to decline ragweed invasions within road networks (e.g. by repeated mowing) should be prioritized along high trafficked roads, and roadside with disturbed, open habitats should be reduced as far as possible, e.g. by establishing grassland from the regional species pool.
Andreas Lemke; Sascha Buchholz; Ingo Kowarik; Uwe Starfinger; Moritz von der Lippe. Interaction of traffic intensity and habitat features shape invasion dynamics of an invasive alien species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in a regional road network. NeoBiota 2021, 64, 155 -175.
AMA StyleAndreas Lemke, Sascha Buchholz, Ingo Kowarik, Uwe Starfinger, Moritz von der Lippe. Interaction of traffic intensity and habitat features shape invasion dynamics of an invasive alien species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in a regional road network. NeoBiota. 2021; 64 ():155-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Lemke; Sascha Buchholz; Ingo Kowarik; Uwe Starfinger; Moritz von der Lippe. 2021. "Interaction of traffic intensity and habitat features shape invasion dynamics of an invasive alien species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in a regional road network." NeoBiota 64, no. : 155-175.
The increase in artificial light at night (ALAN) is widely considered as a major driver for the worldwide decline of nocturnal pollinators such as moths. However, the relationship between light and trees as ‘islands of shade’ within urban areas has not yet been fully understood. Here, we studied (1) the effects of three landscape variables, i.e. sources of ALAN (mercury vapour/LED street lamps; overall light pollution), impervious surfaces (e.g. roads, parking lots and buildings), and tree cover on species richness and abundance of two major macro-moth families (Noctuidae and Geometridae) and (2) the potential mitigating effect of trees on macro-moths attracted to ALAN. We undertook a landscape-scale study on 22 open green areas along an urban-rural gradient within Berlin, Germany, using light traps to collect moths. Macro-moths were identified to species level and GLMMs applied with the three landscape variables at different scales (100 m, 500 m and 1000 m). We found a significant negative effect of mercury vapour street lamps on macro-moth species richness, while impervious surfaces showed significant negative effects on abundance (total and Geometridae). We further found significant positive effects of tree cover density on species richness and abundance (total and Geometridae). Effects of tree cover, however, were mostly driven by one site. LED lamps showed no predictive effects. A negative effect of ALAN (MV lamps and overall light) on macro-moths was most prominent in areas with low tree coverage, indicating a mitigating effect of trees on ALAN. We conclude that mercury vapour street lamps should be replaced by ecologically more neutral ALAN, and that in lit and open areas trees could be planted to mitigate the negative effect of ALAN on nocturnal pollinators. In addition, sources of ALAN should be carefully managed, using movement detection technology and other means to ensure that light is only produced when necessary.
Tanja M. Straka; Moritz von der Lippe; Christian C. Voigt; Matthew Gandy; Ingo Kowarik; Sascha Buchholz. Light pollution impairs urban nocturnal pollinators but less so in areas with high tree cover. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 778, 146244 .
AMA StyleTanja M. Straka, Moritz von der Lippe, Christian C. Voigt, Matthew Gandy, Ingo Kowarik, Sascha Buchholz. Light pollution impairs urban nocturnal pollinators but less so in areas with high tree cover. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 778 ():146244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanja M. Straka; Moritz von der Lippe; Christian C. Voigt; Matthew Gandy; Ingo Kowarik; Sascha Buchholz. 2021. "Light pollution impairs urban nocturnal pollinators but less so in areas with high tree cover." Science of The Total Environment 778, no. : 146244.
With accelerating urbanization, the urban contribution to biodiversity conservation becomes increasingly important. Previous research shows that cities can host many endangered plant species. However, fundamental questions for urban nature conservation remain open: to what extent and where can endangered plant species persist in the long term and which mechanisms underlie population survival? We evaluate the survival of 858 precisely monitored populations of 179 endangered plant species in Berlin, Germany, by assessing population survival throughout different urban ecosystems over a period of 7.6 years on average. By linking population survival to various landscape variables and plant traits, we unravel the underlying drivers. More than one third of populations went extinct during the observation period. Population survival was inversely correlated to the increase of impervious surfaces in the vicinity following the first 11 years after the fall of the Berlin wall. Additionally, populations in semi‐natural habitats like forests and bogs were surprisingly more prone to local extinction than populations in anthropogenic habitats. Survival was highest for competitive species with a preference for drier soils (Ellenberg indicator for soil humidity). Synthesis and applications. Considerable levels of local population extinction demonstrate that the presence of endangered plants cannot be directly linked with their long‐term survival in cities. However the survival of remaining populations indicates opportunities for urban biodiversity conservation both within and outside conservation areas. The elucidated links between population survival, urbanization dynamics, biotope class, and species traits support urban conservation strategies that reduce the proportion of impervious surface, prioritize conservation management in forests and grasslands and explore the opportunities of green spaces and built up areas.
Greg Planchuelo; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz Von Der Lippe. Plant traits, biotopes and urbanization dynamics explain the survival of endangered urban plant populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 2020, 57, 1581 -1592.
AMA StyleGreg Planchuelo, Ingo Kowarik, Moritz Von Der Lippe. Plant traits, biotopes and urbanization dynamics explain the survival of endangered urban plant populations. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2020; 57 (8):1581-1592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Planchuelo; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz Von Der Lippe. 2020. "Plant traits, biotopes and urbanization dynamics explain the survival of endangered urban plant populations." Journal of Applied Ecology 57, no. 8: 1581-1592.
Anthropogenic changes in climate, land use and disturbance regimes, as well as introductions of non‐native species can lead to the transformation of many ecosystems. The resulting novel ecosystems are usually characterized by species assemblages that have not occurred previously in a given area. Quantifying the ecological novelty of communities (i.e., biotic novelty) would enhance the understanding of environmental change. However, quantification remains challenging since current novelty metrics, such as the number and/or proportion of non‐native species in a community, fall short of considering both functional and evolutionary aspects of biotic novelty. Here, we propose the Biotic Novelty Index (BNI), an intuitive and flexible multidimensional measure that combines (1) functional differences between native and non‐native introduced species with (2) temporal dynamics of species introductions. We show that the BNI is an additive partition of Rao’s quadratic entropy, capturing the novel interaction component of the community’s functional diversity. Simulations show that the index varies predictably with the relative amount of functional novelty added by recently arrived species, and they illustrate the need to provide an additional standardized version of the index. We present a detailed R code and two applications of the BNI by (1) measuring changes of biotic novelty of dry grassland plant communities along an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan region and (2) determining the biotic novelty of plant species assemblages at a national scale. The results illustrate the applicability of the index across scales and its flexibility in the use of data of different quality. Both case studies revealed strong connections between biotic novelty and increasing urbanization, a measure of abiotic novelty. We conclude that the BNI framework may help building a basis for better understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of global change.
Conrad Schittko; Maud Bernard‐Verdier; Tina Heger; Sascha Buchholz; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Birgit Seitz; Jasmin Joshi; Jonathan M. Jeschke. A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community? Global Change Biology 2020, 26, 4401 -4417.
AMA StyleConrad Schittko, Maud Bernard‐Verdier, Tina Heger, Sascha Buchholz, Ingo Kowarik, Moritz Von Der Lippe, Birgit Seitz, Jasmin Joshi, Jonathan M. Jeschke. A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community? Global Change Biology. 2020; 26 (8):4401-4417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleConrad Schittko; Maud Bernard‐Verdier; Tina Heger; Sascha Buchholz; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Birgit Seitz; Jasmin Joshi; Jonathan M. Jeschke. 2020. "A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community?" Global Change Biology 26, no. 8: 4401-4417.
Urban biodiversity conservation requires an understanding of how urbanization modulates biodiversity patterns and the associated ecosystem services. While important advances have been made in the conceptual development of urban biodiversity research over the last decades, challenges remain in understanding the interactions between different groups of taxa and the spatiotemporal complexity of urbanization processes. The CityScapeLab Berlin is a novel experimental research platform that allows the testing of theories on how urbanization affects biodiversity patterns and biotic interactions in general and the responses of species of conservation interest in particular. We chose dry grassland patches as the backbone of the research platform because dry grasslands are common in many urban regions, extend over a wide urbanization gradient, and usually harbor diverse and self-assembled communities. Focusing on a standardized type of model ecosystem allowed the urbanization effects on biodiversity to be unraveled from effects that would otherwise be masked by habitat- and land-use effects. The CityScapeLab combines different types of spatiotemporal data on (i) various groups of taxa from different trophic levels, (ii) environmental parameters on different spatial scales, and (iii) on land-use history. This allows for the unraveling of the effects of current and historical urban conditions on urban biodiversity patterns and the related ecological functions.
Moritz Von Der Lippe; Sascha Buchholz; Anne Hiller; Birgit Seitz; Ingo Kowarik. CityScapeLab Berlin: A Research Platform for Untangling Urbanization Effects on Biodiversity. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2565 .
AMA StyleMoritz Von Der Lippe, Sascha Buchholz, Anne Hiller, Birgit Seitz, Ingo Kowarik. CityScapeLab Berlin: A Research Platform for Untangling Urbanization Effects on Biodiversity. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoritz Von Der Lippe; Sascha Buchholz; Anne Hiller; Birgit Seitz; Ingo Kowarik. 2020. "CityScapeLab Berlin: A Research Platform for Untangling Urbanization Effects on Biodiversity." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2565.
Many cities aim to increase urban forest cover to benefit residents through the provision of ecosystem services and to promote biodiversity. As a complement to traditional forest plantings, we address opportunities associated with “emerging urban forests” (i.e., spontaneously developing forests in cities) for urban biodiversity conservation. We quantified the area of successional forests and analyzed the species richness of native and alien plants and of invertebrates (carabid beetles, spiders) in emerging forests dominated by alien or native trees, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer platanoides, and Betula pendula. Emerging urban forests were revealed as shared habitats of native and alien species. Native species richness was not profoundly affected by the alien (co-)dominance of the canopy. Instead, native and alien plant species richnesses were positively related. Numbers of endangered plants and invertebrates did not differ between native- and alien-dominated forest patches. Patterns of tree regeneration indicate different successional trajectories for novel forest types. We conclude that these forests (i) provide habitats for native and alien species, including some endangered species, (ii) allow city dwellers to experience wild urban nature, and (iii) support arguments for adapting forests to dynamic urban environments. Integrating emerging urban forests into the urban green infrastructure is a promising pathway to sustainable cities and can complement traditional restoration or greening approaches.
Ingo Kowarik; Anne Hiller; Greg Planchuelo; Birgit Seitz; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Sascha Buchholz. Emerging Urban Forests: Opportunities for Promoting the Wild Side of the Urban Green Infrastructure. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6318 .
AMA StyleIngo Kowarik, Anne Hiller, Greg Planchuelo, Birgit Seitz, Moritz Von Der Lippe, Sascha Buchholz. Emerging Urban Forests: Opportunities for Promoting the Wild Side of the Urban Green Infrastructure. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngo Kowarik; Anne Hiller; Greg Planchuelo; Birgit Seitz; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Sascha Buchholz. 2019. "Emerging Urban Forests: Opportunities for Promoting the Wild Side of the Urban Green Infrastructure." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6318.
As urbanization accelerates globally, a better understanding of how cities contribute to biodiversity conservation is increasingly pressing. Previous studies reveal that cities can harbor a considerable biological richness, including endangered plant species. Yet, a key question on the urban contribution to plant conservation remains critically open, as little information is available on how populations of endangered plant species occur across different biotope types within cities and to what extent anthropogenically shaped vs. natural ecosystems provide habitats for endangered plants. We analyzed a unique dataset on the exact geographical position of 1742 populations of 213 endangered plant species in the city of Berlin. We first assessed the relative importance of Berlin’s nine major biotope classes as habitats of these species. Second, we applied the novel ecosystem concept to quantify endangered plant populations for natural remnants vs. hybrid vs. novel ecosystems within Berlin. Populations of endangered plant species were generally, although unevenly, associated with specific biotope classes, with forest, grassland, and ruderal biotopes as the most important habitats. Surprisingly, novel ecosystems harbored the highest numbers of total populations, of total species, and of species that were exclusively confined to one type of ecosystem novelty. Quantifying the relative importance of biotope classes and novel vs. (near-)natural ecosystems as habitats of endangered species demonstrates that the urban contribution to biodiversity conservation is best ensured by providing a range of ecosystems. Rather than prioritizing only natural remnants, we thus argue for broad approaches to urban biodiversity conservation that include novel ecosystems.
Greg Planchuelo; Moritz von Der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. Untangling the role of urban ecosystems as habitats for endangered plant species. Landscape and Urban Planning 2019, 189, 320 -334.
AMA StyleGreg Planchuelo, Moritz von Der Lippe, Ingo Kowarik. Untangling the role of urban ecosystems as habitats for endangered plant species. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2019; 189 ():320-334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Planchuelo; Moritz von Der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. 2019. "Untangling the role of urban ecosystems as habitats for endangered plant species." Landscape and Urban Planning 189, no. : 320-334.
1.Because common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., henceforth Ambrosia) has negative effects on human health, it is a common focus for management, which would benefit from a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which the species spreads. Road systems are known to be invasion corridors, but the conduit function of vehicles for the rapid spread of Ambrosia along roads and for population extension along roadside verges has not yet been demonstrated convincingly. 2.To quantify the effect of different traffic volumes on the dispersal and population extension of Ambrosia we used two approaches: First, by combining field experiments along roads with records of the seed rain around single plants, we simulated a combined dispersal kernel that revealed the interactions between primary dispersal and traffic‐mediated secondary dispersal. Second, we recorded seedling recruitment around isolated roadside populations over two years to determine how traffic‐related parameters affect population extension. 3.The longest traffic‐mediated dispersal distances exceeded those of primary dispersal by about one order of magnitude. Traffic volume had a significant positive effect on dispersal distances and on the lateral deposition of seeds on the road verge. 4.Seedling recruitment around isolated roadside populations was significantly higher in the driving direction than against, but only at the distance where the major seed rain of traffic‐mediated dispersal is to be expected according to the combined dispersal kernel (3−15 m). 5.Synthesis and applications. This study isolates effects of road traffic from confounding mechanisms (e.g. mowing machinery, propagule pressure from infested fields) on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) invasions. Results demonstrate traffic‐mediated dispersal in Ambrosia invasions as a routine and predictable process that facilitates population extension in the direction of traffic along roadsides, depending on traffic volume. This highlights the importance of prioritizing mowing along high use roads and mowing of isolated populations to prevent seed abscission and further spread of common ragweed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Andreas Lemke; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz Lippe. How traffic facilitates population expansion of invasive species along roads: The case of common ragweed in Germany. Journal of Applied Ecology 2018, 56, 413 -422.
AMA StyleAndreas Lemke, Ingo Kowarik, Moritz Lippe. How traffic facilitates population expansion of invasive species along roads: The case of common ragweed in Germany. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2018; 56 (2):413-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Lemke; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz Lippe. 2018. "How traffic facilitates population expansion of invasive species along roads: The case of common ragweed in Germany." Journal of Applied Ecology 56, no. 2: 413-422.
In an era of rapid urban growth, conserving biodiverse urban green spaces is challenging, especially in developing countries. Culturally protected areas including sacred sites are known to contribute to biodiversity conservation in semi-urban and rural areas, but their role in dense urban settings is critically understudied. We, therefore, assessed biodiversity patterns of two types of Hindu places of worship (temples, kattes) and underlying environmental parameters in the Indian megacity of Bengaluru. We analyzed how variables of the urban matrix (age of development, housing density) and type of sacred sites related to biodiversity measures (species abundance, richness, beta diversity), differentiated for cultivated, spontaneous (i.e., wild growing), native and non-native plant species. Native species prevailed in cultivated (66%) and spontaneous (93%) species assemblages, and urbanization parameters significantly related to some biodiversity measures. Beta diversity was highest in sacred sites located in the newest quarters, while abundance of cultivated and non-native species increased with decreasing housing density. Higher richness in low density (i.e., wealthier) quarters demonstrates ‘luxury effect’ for sacred sites. Plots in temples showed higher diversity measures than in kattes, likely due to different management practices. While results demonstrate effects of urbanization on biodiversity measures for temples and kattes, these sites still function as habitats for native species in Bengaluru – and not as foci for invasive alien species as noticed for other urban green spaces. We conclude that urban sacred sites allow people to benefit from multiple ecosystems services and thus play an important role in the urban green infrastructure of quickly growing megacities.
Divya Gopal; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. Sacred sites, biodiversity and urbanization in an Indian megacity. Urban Ecosystems 2018, 22, 161 -172.
AMA StyleDivya Gopal, Moritz Von Der Lippe, Ingo Kowarik. Sacred sites, biodiversity and urbanization in an Indian megacity. Urban Ecosystems. 2018; 22 (1):161-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDivya Gopal; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. 2018. "Sacred sites, biodiversity and urbanization in an Indian megacity." Urban Ecosystems 22, no. 1: 161-172.
Cultural ecosystem services related to urban green spaces contribute significantly to liveable cities. While previous studies highlight the intersection of cultural ecosystem services with societal values, spiritual or religious values associated with urban nature have received less attention. In India, as in other parts of the world, sacred sites are known for their biological richness, but analyses from urban sacred sites are largely missing. Based on a stratified random sampling approach, we analysed the cultivated and wild plant species assemblages of 69 sacred sites in the megacity of Bengaluru, India, in relation to biological and cultural features, and parameters related to the urban matrix and type of sacred sites (temple vs. katte). Unlike other urban studies, we found a dominance of native species in the cultivated and spontaneous species pools (121 species in total), with Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica as most frequently planted species. Culturally relevant species prevailed in the species pool (89%), with overlaps between religious (36%), medicinal (50%) and ornamental (62%) plants; only 11% of species were weeds. Urban matrix parameters (age of development, housing density) and size and type of sacred sites were related to differences in species assemblages. We identified key species for different classes of age and housing density, and for types of sacred sites. Our study demonstrates that urban sacred sites have an important potential in harbouring both native and culturally significant species that can support urban livelihoods in developing countries by a range of cultural and provisioning ecosystem services, including medicinal uses. As such sites are conserved by communities for spiritual or cultural beliefs, local biodiversity can be enhanced, e.g. by adapting management practices through community participation. This would strengthen the important contribution of sacred sites within the green infrastructure of rapidly growing megacities.
Divya Gopal; Moritz von der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. Sacred sites as habitats of culturally important plant species in an Indian megacity. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2018, 32, 113 -122.
AMA StyleDivya Gopal, Moritz von der Lippe, Ingo Kowarik. Sacred sites as habitats of culturally important plant species in an Indian megacity. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2018; 32 ():113-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDivya Gopal; Moritz von der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. 2018. "Sacred sites as habitats of culturally important plant species in an Indian megacity." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 32, no. : 113-122.
1.In a rapidly urbanising world, the ability of plant species to survive and build self-sustaining populations in urban environments is increasingly important for biodiversity conservation. Yet the contribution of cities to biodiversity conservation remains unclear because ecologists have studied biodiversity patterns, largely without considering the population establishment of plants and the ways in which different kinds of urban ecosystems harbour native and endangered plant species. These limitations can mislead conservation policies for cities. 2.To better-understand how urban ecosystems can contribute to biodiversity conservation, we propose a framework that links the population status (casual or established) of plant species with ecosystem novelty and highlights barriers to population establishment in different types of urban ecosystems, from natural remnants to novel ecosystems. 3.To quantify the relative importance of natural remnants vs. human-shaped ecosystems for the conservation of self-sustaining urban plant populations we re-analyse a unique dataset from a metropolitan region in Europe with information on the population status of 1199 plant species. 4.Results demonstrate that urban ecosystems harbour many established native and endangered species although a considerable share (37%) of species of conservation concern are confined to natural remnants. In hybrid and immature novel ecosystems, high species numbers reflect many species with only casual populations. The role of novel ecosystems as habitats for native and endangered plant species increases as novel ecosystems mature. 5.Synthesis and applications. General information about plant species richness in urban environments may mislead conservation policies as different kinds of urban ecosystems can play different roles in harbouring species of conservation concern. Moreover, presence-absence data can mask establishment failures of species. This proposed framework helps to distinguish between casual and established populations of plant species, and highlights barriers to population persistence in urban ecosystems; reflecting different land uses and land use histories over time. Revealing the role of natural remnants vs. hybrid vs. novel ecosystems as habitats for species of conservation concern illustrates opportunities for biodiversity conservation in all urban ecosystems and can support setting priorities for conservation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Ingo Kowarik; Moritz von der Lippe. Plant population success across urban ecosystems: A framework to inform biodiversity conservation in cities. Journal of Applied Ecology 2018, 55, 2354 -2361.
AMA StyleIngo Kowarik, Moritz von der Lippe. Plant population success across urban ecosystems: A framework to inform biodiversity conservation in cities. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2018; 55 (5):2354-2361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngo Kowarik; Moritz von der Lippe. 2018. "Plant population success across urban ecosystems: A framework to inform biodiversity conservation in cities." Journal of Applied Ecology 55, no. 5: 2354-2361.
Julia Palliwoda; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz von der Lippe. Human-biodiversity interactions in urban parks: The species level matters. Landscape and Urban Planning 2017, 157, 394 -406.
AMA StyleJulia Palliwoda, Ingo Kowarik, Moritz von der Lippe. Human-biodiversity interactions in urban parks: The species level matters. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2017; 157 ():394-406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Palliwoda; Ingo Kowarik; Moritz von der Lippe. 2017. "Human-biodiversity interactions in urban parks: The species level matters." Landscape and Urban Planning 157, no. : 394-406.
Ingo Kowarik; Sascha Buchholz; Moritz von der Lippe; Birgit Seitz. Biodiversity functions of urban cemeteries: Evidence from one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2016, 19, 68 -78.
AMA StyleIngo Kowarik, Sascha Buchholz, Moritz von der Lippe, Birgit Seitz. Biodiversity functions of urban cemeteries: Evidence from one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2016; 19 ():68-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngo Kowarik; Sascha Buchholz; Moritz von der Lippe; Birgit Seitz. 2016. "Biodiversity functions of urban cemeteries: Evidence from one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 19, no. : 68-78.
Urban green spaces can harbor a considerable species richness of plants and animals. A few studies on single species groups indicate important habitat functions of cemeteries, but this land use type is clearly understudied compared to parks. Such data are important as they (i) illustrate habitat functions of a specific, but ubiquitous urban land-use type and (ii) may serve as a basis for management approaches. We sampled different groups of plants and animals in the Weißensee Jewish Cemetery in Berlin (WJC) which is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe. With a total of 608 species of plants and animals, this first multi-taxon survey revealed a considerable biological richness in the WJC. In all, 363 wild-growing vascular plant, 72 lichen and 26 bryophyte taxa were recorded. The sampling also yielded 34 bird and 5 bat species as well as 39 ground beetle, 5 harvestman and 64 spider species. Some species are new records for Berlin.
Sascha Buchholz; Theo Blick; Karsten Hannig; Ingo Kowarik; Andreas Lemke; Volker Otte; Jens Scharon; Axel Schönhofer; Tobias Teige; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Birgit Seitz. Biological richness of a large urban cemetery in Berlin. Results of a multi-taxon approach. Biodiversity Data Journal 2016, 4, 1 .
AMA StyleSascha Buchholz, Theo Blick, Karsten Hannig, Ingo Kowarik, Andreas Lemke, Volker Otte, Jens Scharon, Axel Schönhofer, Tobias Teige, Moritz Von Der Lippe, Birgit Seitz. Biological richness of a large urban cemetery in Berlin. Results of a multi-taxon approach. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2016; 4 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSascha Buchholz; Theo Blick; Karsten Hannig; Ingo Kowarik; Andreas Lemke; Volker Otte; Jens Scharon; Axel Schönhofer; Tobias Teige; Moritz Von Der Lippe; Birgit Seitz. 2016. "Biological richness of a large urban cemetery in Berlin. Results of a multi-taxon approach." Biodiversity Data Journal 4, no. 4: 1.
How urban habitats contribute to biodiversity conservation is a key challenge in a rapidly urbanising world. Urban parks can provide important habitats for native species, but previous studies are geographically biased; fast growing megacities, in particular in South America, are clearly understudied. To assess habitat functions and underlying drivers in parks of Santiago de Chile, we analysed the assemblages of wild growing plant species in two ubiquitous park habitat types (grasslands, wooded areas) in 15 parks (150 plots) along an urban-rural gradient. We first used linear contrasts to compare species richness, beta diversity and the proportion of introduced species. We then tested for the explanatory value of environmental variables operating at different spatial scales (plot, park, urban matrix). Unlike in most previous studies, biodiversity patterns were not related to the position of the parks on the urban-rural gradient. Introduced species, mostly from Europe, generally dominated both habitat types (>90 %). Socio-economic (population growth or density), but not spatial, variables were retained in most models. Maintenance intensity was most influential in predicting species assemblages, complemented by park age in wooded areas. A high proportion of European grassland species indicates a trend of homogenisation in park grassland at a cross-continental scale. We conclude that habitat functions of urban parks for native species that have been mainly demonstrated for Europe cannot be generalised to South American megacities. This highlights the need for innovative and locally appropriate conservation approaches (e.g., re-introduction of native species) to foster biodiversity functions in urban parks of South American megacities.
Leonie Katharina Fischer; Verena Rodorff; Moritz von der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. Drivers of biodiversity patterns in parks of a growing South American megacity. Urban Ecosystems 2016, 19, 1231 -1249.
AMA StyleLeonie Katharina Fischer, Verena Rodorff, Moritz von der Lippe, Ingo Kowarik. Drivers of biodiversity patterns in parks of a growing South American megacity. Urban Ecosystems. 2016; 19 (3):1231-1249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonie Katharina Fischer; Verena Rodorff; Moritz von der Lippe; Ingo Kowarik. 2016. "Drivers of biodiversity patterns in parks of a growing South American megacity." Urban Ecosystems 19, no. 3: 1231-1249.
This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Common ragweed) that are relevant to understanding its ecology. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, and history, conservation, impacts and management. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a monoecious, wind‐pollinated, annual herb native to North America whose height varies from 10 cm to 2.5 m, according to environmental conditions. It has erect, branched stems and pinnately lobed leaves. Spike‐like racemes of male capitula composed of staminate (male) florets terminate the stems, while cyme‐like clusters of pistillate (female) florets are arranged in groups in the axils of main and lateral stem leaves. Seeds require prolonged chilling to break dormancy. Following seedling emergence in spring, the rate of vegetative growth depends on temperature, but development occurs over a wide thermal range. In temperate European climates, male and female flowers are produced from summer to early autumn (July to October). Ambrosia artemisiifolia is sensitive to freezing. Late spring frosts kill seedlings and the first autumn frosts terminate the growing season. It has a preference for dry soils of intermediate to rich nutrient level. Ambrosia artemisiifolia was introduced into Europe with seed imports from North America in the 19th century. Since World War II, it has become widespread in temperate regions of Europe and is now abundant in open, disturbed habitats as a ruderal and agricultural weed. Recently, the North American ragweed leaf beetle (Ophraella communa) has been detected in southern Switzerland and northern Italy. This species appears to have the capacity to substantially reduce growth and seed production of A. artemisiifolia. In heavily infested regions of Europe, A. artemisiifolia causes substantial crop‐yield losses and its copious, highly allergenic pollen creates considerable public health problems. There is a consensus among models that climate change will allow its northward and uphill spread in Europe.
Franz Essl; Krisztina Biró; Dietmar Brandes; Olivier Brönnimann; James M. Bullock; Daniel Chapman; Bruno Chauvel; Stefan Dullinger; Boris Fumanal; Antoine Guisan; Gerhard Karrer; Gabriella Kazinczi; Christoph Kueffer; Beryl Laitung; Claude Lavoie; Michael Leitner; Thomas Mang; Dietmar Moser; Heinz Müller-Schärer; Blaise Petitpierre; Robert Richter; Urs Schaffner; Matt Smith; Uwe Starfinger; Robert Vautard; Gero Vogl; Moritz von der Lippe; Swen Follak. Biological Flora of the British Isles:Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Journal of Ecology 2015, 103, 1069 -1098.
AMA StyleFranz Essl, Krisztina Biró, Dietmar Brandes, Olivier Brönnimann, James M. Bullock, Daniel Chapman, Bruno Chauvel, Stefan Dullinger, Boris Fumanal, Antoine Guisan, Gerhard Karrer, Gabriella Kazinczi, Christoph Kueffer, Beryl Laitung, Claude Lavoie, Michael Leitner, Thomas Mang, Dietmar Moser, Heinz Müller-Schärer, Blaise Petitpierre, Robert Richter, Urs Schaffner, Matt Smith, Uwe Starfinger, Robert Vautard, Gero Vogl, Moritz von der Lippe, Swen Follak. Biological Flora of the British Isles:Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Journal of Ecology. 2015; 103 (4):1069-1098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranz Essl; Krisztina Biró; Dietmar Brandes; Olivier Brönnimann; James M. Bullock; Daniel Chapman; Bruno Chauvel; Stefan Dullinger; Boris Fumanal; Antoine Guisan; Gerhard Karrer; Gabriella Kazinczi; Christoph Kueffer; Beryl Laitung; Claude Lavoie; Michael Leitner; Thomas Mang; Dietmar Moser; Heinz Müller-Schärer; Blaise Petitpierre; Robert Richter; Urs Schaffner; Matt Smith; Uwe Starfinger; Robert Vautard; Gero Vogl; Moritz von der Lippe; Swen Follak. 2015. "Biological Flora of the British Isles:Ambrosia artemisiifolia." Journal of Ecology 103, no. 4: 1069-1098.
Marc-Rajan Köppler; Ingo Kowarik; Norbert Kuhn; Moritz Von Der Lippe. Enhancing wasteland vegetation by adding ornamentals: Opportunities and constraints for establishing steppe and prairie species on urban demolition sites. Landscape and Urban Planning 2014, 126, 1 -9.
AMA StyleMarc-Rajan Köppler, Ingo Kowarik, Norbert Kuhn, Moritz Von Der Lippe. Enhancing wasteland vegetation by adding ornamentals: Opportunities and constraints for establishing steppe and prairie species on urban demolition sites. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2014; 126 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarc-Rajan Köppler; Ingo Kowarik; Norbert Kuhn; Moritz Von Der Lippe. 2014. "Enhancing wasteland vegetation by adding ornamentals: Opportunities and constraints for establishing steppe and prairie species on urban demolition sites." Landscape and Urban Planning 126, no. : 1-9.
Arne Cierjacks; Ingo Kowarik; Jasmin Joshi; Stefan Hempel; Michael Ristow; Moritz von der Lippe; Ewald Weber. Biological Flora of the British Isles:Robinia pseudoacacia. Journal of Ecology 2013, 101, 1623 -1640.
AMA StyleArne Cierjacks, Ingo Kowarik, Jasmin Joshi, Stefan Hempel, Michael Ristow, Moritz von der Lippe, Ewald Weber. Biological Flora of the British Isles:Robinia pseudoacacia. Journal of Ecology. 2013; 101 (6):1623-1640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Cierjacks; Ingo Kowarik; Jasmin Joshi; Stefan Hempel; Michael Ristow; Moritz von der Lippe; Ewald Weber. 2013. "Biological Flora of the British Isles:Robinia pseudoacacia." Journal of Ecology 101, no. 6: 1623-1640.
Giovanni Trentanovi; Moritz von der Lippe; Tommaso Sitzia; Ulrike Ziechmann; Ingo Kowarik; Arne Cierjacks. Biotic homogenization at the community scale: disentangling the roles of urbanization and plant invasion. Diversity and Distributions 2013, 19, 738 -748.
AMA StyleGiovanni Trentanovi, Moritz von der Lippe, Tommaso Sitzia, Ulrike Ziechmann, Ingo Kowarik, Arne Cierjacks. Biotic homogenization at the community scale: disentangling the roles of urbanization and plant invasion. Diversity and Distributions. 2013; 19 (7):738-748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Trentanovi; Moritz von der Lippe; Tommaso Sitzia; Ulrike Ziechmann; Ingo Kowarik; Arne Cierjacks. 2013. "Biotic homogenization at the community scale: disentangling the roles of urbanization and plant invasion." Diversity and Distributions 19, no. 7: 738-748.