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The production of biosorbents by waste biomass has attracted considerable attention due to the low cost and abundance of the raw materials. Here biochar produced from Eucalyptus camdulensis sawdust (EU-biochar) via pyrolysis at 600 °C was used as a potential biosorbent for Ni2+ and Pb2+ metal ions from wastewater. Characterization experiments indicated the formation of C- and O-bearing functional groups on the EU-biochar surface, while shifts and changes in the shape of C–H bands suggested the adsorption of Ni2+ and Pb2+ onto EU-biochar by interacting with surface carboxylic groups. Pb2+ was adsorbed more quickly than Ni2+, indicating a faster and stronger interaction of Pb2+ with EU-biochar compared to Ni2+. As the initial concentrations of both metal ions increased, the percentage removal decreased, whereas increasing the EU-biochar dose improved the percentage removal but impaired the adsorption capacity for Ni2+ and Pb2+. The adsorption capacity could only be improved without affecting the percentage removal of both ions by increasing the pH of the metal solutions. The sorption efficiency of EU-biochar and the removal mechanism of Ni2+ and Pb2+ were further explored using non-linear and linear forms of kinetic and isotherm models.
Muhammad Shafiq; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Amin. Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3785 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Shafiq, Abdulrahman Alazba, Muhammad Amin. Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shafiq; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Amin. 2021. "Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3785.
Eucalyptus camdulensis biochar (Ec-bio) was used to adsorb crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) dyes, which was optimized and further evaluated using different isotherm and kinetic models. Microscopy and spectroscopy techniques showed the interactions of the dyes with the surface functional groups of the Ec-bio, resulting in the removal of the dyes from aqueous solution. Both dyes were immediately uptaken, with equilibrium reached in 60 min, with a higher sorption efficiency of CV compared to MB. Thermodynamic parameters showed endothermic adsorption and the nonspontaneous adsorption of both dyes onto the Ec-bio. Both the adsorption capacity and percentage removal increased with the increasing solution pH from 2.0 to 4.0 and to 10 for CV and MB. An increase in adsorption capacity was observed upon increasing the initial concentrations, with a corresponding decrease in the percentage removal. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich kinetic models (nonlinear approach) were a good fit to the data of both dyes, confirming a chemisorptive adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm fitted well to the CV data, supporting its monolayer adsorption onto the Ec-bio, while the Freundlich isotherm was a good fit to the MB dye data, suggesting the surface heterogeneity of the Ec-bio. The Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm was a good fit to the adsorption CV data compared with the MB dye, suggesting the physisorption of both dyes onto the Ec-bio due to its mean free energy of adsorption of −1.
Muhammad Amin; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3600 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Amin, Abdulrahman Alazba, Muhammad Shafiq. Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3600.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Amin; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. 2021. "Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3600.
We investigated the adsorption of lead (Pb2+) and nickel (Ni2+) ions by electrospun membranes of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber activated with NaHCO3 (PANmod). Analysis by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) validated the functionalization of PAN nanofibers with NaHCO3, and the successful agglomeration of Pb2+ and Ni2+ onto PANmod. After a rapid uptake of the heavy metal ions (15 min), the equilibrium contact time was attained (60 min) following a linear increase of both adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. PANmod showed a better affinity for Ni2+ than Pb2+. The adsorption on PANmod was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both studied models, supporting chemisorption. By varying the solution pH from 2.0 to 9.0, we found that the adsorption capacity followed an increasing trend, reaching a maximum at the pH of 7.0. Despite increasing adsorption capacities, the removal efficiency of both heavy metal ions exhibited a decreasing trend with increase in initial concentrations. The amount of PANmod directly affects the removal efficiency, with 0.7 and 0.2 g being the optimum dose for maximum uptake of Pb2+ and Ni2+, respectively. The Langmuir model fitted well the Pb2+ adsorption data suggesting monolayer adsorption, and the Freundlich model perfectly fitted the Ni2+ adsorption data, indicating heterogeneous adsorption. The estimated values of the mean free energy of adsorption in the D–R isotherm indicated a physical adsorption of both heavy metal ions into the surface of the PANmod.
Muhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Membranes 2020, 11, 10 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Tahir Amin, Abdulrahman Ali Alazba, Muhammad Shafiq. Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Membranes. 2020; 11 (1):10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. 2020. "Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models." Membranes 11, no. 1: 10.
In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two water-saving practices—partial root-zone drying (PRD) and deficit irrigation (DI)—on potato growth and yield in comparison with full irrigation (FI). The required FI amount was applied to the potato plants to enable 100% crop evapotranspiration, and the plants received 70% and 50% of the irrigation amount of FI for DI (DI70 and DI50) and PRD (PRD70 and PRD50), respectively. The physiological characteristics of the potatoes during the 2014–2015 seasons indicated that the relative chlorophyll contents were not significantly higher for the DI and PRD treatments than for the FI treatment. The DI50 had the lowest net photosynthesis rate (p < 0.05) while DI50 and PRD50 had significantly lower stomatal conductance (gs) values in both years. Meanwhile, the values of the PRD treatments were lower than those of DI treatments based on the transpiration rates. The xylem (abscisic acid) based on PRD50 had an average increase of 0.38 mol/m2 s due to decreasing gs values compared with other water-saving irrigation treatments. However, the FI and DI treatments had increased fresh tuber yields compared with the yields of PRD treatments. Furthermore, the PRD70 and PRD50 treatments significantly reduced the water productivity (WP) values by 30.16% and 41.32%, respectively, relative to that of FI.
Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin; Mohamed A. Mattar; Hussein M. Al-Ghobari; Abdulrahman A. Alazba. Water-Saving Irrigation Strategies in Potato Fields: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use in Arid Region. Agronomy 2019, 9, 172 .
AMA StyleTarek K. Zin El-Abedin, Mohamed A. Mattar, Hussein M. Al-Ghobari, Abdulrahman A. Alazba. Water-Saving Irrigation Strategies in Potato Fields: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use in Arid Region. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (4):172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTarek K. Zin El-Abedin; Mohamed A. Mattar; Hussein M. Al-Ghobari; Abdulrahman A. Alazba. 2019. "Water-Saving Irrigation Strategies in Potato Fields: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use in Arid Region." Agronomy 9, no. 4: 172.
Mohammad N. ElNesr; A. A. Alazba. NeuroCharter: A Neural Networks Software to Visually Discover the Effects and Contributions between Interrelated Features. Journal of Open Research Software 2017, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleMohammad N. ElNesr, A. A. Alazba. NeuroCharter: A Neural Networks Software to Visually Discover the Effects and Contributions between Interrelated Features. Journal of Open Research Software. 2017; 5 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad N. ElNesr; A. A. Alazba. 2017. "NeuroCharter: A Neural Networks Software to Visually Discover the Effects and Contributions between Interrelated Features." Journal of Open Research Software 5, no. 1: 1.
This study investigates the application of artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting solar still production (MD). Agricultural drainage water (ADW) was desalinated using a solar still. Important meteorological variables: ambient air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation, together with the operational variables of flow rate, temperature, and total dissolved solids of feedwater, were considered as input parameters for ANN modeling. The output parameter was MD. The results revealed that the ANN model with five neurons and hyperbolic tangent transfer function was the most appropriate for MD prediction based on the minimum measures of error. The optimal ANN model had a 7–5–1 architecture. The ANN model was also compared to multiple linear regression (MLR). The results indicated that, compared to the MLR model, the ANN model provided better prediction results in all modeling stages. The average of the coefficient of determination between the ANN results and the experimental data was more than 0.96. Consequently, the ANN model was shown to have acceptable generalization capability and accuracy. The relative errors of forecasted MD values for the ANN model were mostly in the vicinity of ±10%. These results indicate that ANN can be successfully used in the MD prediction of a solar still desalinating ADW. One major output/contribution of this research involves assessment of the ANN modeling technique during ADW solar desalination, which adds a new perspective to the system analysis, design, and modeling for the potential productivity of a solar still to produce water during the ADW desalination process.
Ahmed F. Mashaly; A.A. Alazba. Neural network approach for predicting solar still production using agricultural drainage as a feedwater source. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2016, 57, 28646 -28660.
AMA StyleAhmed F. Mashaly, A.A. Alazba. Neural network approach for predicting solar still production using agricultural drainage as a feedwater source. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2016; 57 (59):28646-28660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed F. Mashaly; A.A. Alazba. 2016. "Neural network approach for predicting solar still production using agricultural drainage as a feedwater source." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 59: 28646-28660.
Accurate estimations of reference evapotranspiration (ETref) are extremely important for maximizing the beneficial use of water and hydrologic applications, particularly in arid and semiarid regions where water sources are so limited. The aim of this study is to develop mathematical models to calculate the daily ETref using a gene expression programming (GEP) technique. Eight GEP models (GEP-MOD1–8) were developed from combinations of climatic variables. The Penman-Monteith equation was considered the reference method, with the reference plant height varying from 5 to 105 cm in 5-cm increments. Daily climatic variables collected from 13 meteorological stations, one station from every region within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, covered the 1980 to 2010 period. Of the available climatic data, 65 % was used in the training process for the eight developed GEP models, and 35 % was used in the testing process. The accuracy of the eight developed GEP models to estimate ETref varied in significance depending on the climatic variables that were included. As more climatic parameters were input, the accuracy of the GEP model increased. For the testing process, the coefficient of determination (R 2) ranged from a low of 63.4 % for GEP-MOD1 to a high of 95.4 % for GEP-MOD8, and the root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 3.19 mm day−1 for GEP-MOD1 to 1.14 mm day−1 for GEP-MOD8. From the spatial evaluation, the values of RMSE ranged from 3.27 mm day−1 for GEP-MOD1 to 1.21 mm day−1 for GEP-MOD8. In addition, the respective RMSE values resulting from GEP-MOD8 for plant heights of 50 and 12 cm were 0.75 and 0.96 cm. This implies that the developed GEP-MOD8 can be used for any value of the reference plant height ranging from 5 to 105 cm with insignificant errors. Interestingly, solar radiation had an almost insignificant effect on ETref in the hyper-arid conditions. In contrast, wind speed and plant height had a large positive effect on increasing the accuracy of calculating ETref.
A. A. Alazba; M. A. Yassin; Mohamed Mattar. Modeling daily evapotranspiration in hyper-arid environment using gene expression programming. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2016, 9, 1 -16.
AMA StyleA. A. Alazba, M. A. Yassin, Mohamed Mattar. Modeling daily evapotranspiration in hyper-arid environment using gene expression programming. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2016; 9 (3):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. A. Alazba; M. A. Yassin; Mohamed Mattar. 2016. "Modeling daily evapotranspiration in hyper-arid environment using gene expression programming." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9, no. 3: 1-16.
Mohamed A. Yassin; Abdulrahman A. Alazba; Mohamed A. Mattar. Comparison between gene expression programming and traditional models for estimating evapotranspiration under hyper arid Conditions. Water Resources 2016, 43, 412 -427.
AMA StyleMohamed A. Yassin, Abdulrahman A. Alazba, Mohamed A. Mattar. Comparison between gene expression programming and traditional models for estimating evapotranspiration under hyper arid Conditions. Water Resources. 2016; 43 (2):412-427.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed A. Yassin; Abdulrahman A. Alazba; Mohamed A. Mattar. 2016. "Comparison between gene expression programming and traditional models for estimating evapotranspiration under hyper arid Conditions." Water Resources 43, no. 2: 412-427.
In this work, date palm trunk (DPT) fibre was investigated for the eviction of copper ions (Cu2+) from aqueous solution. The surface chemistry of the DPT adsorbent was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The specific surface area and the average crystalline size of the DPT fibre adsorbent were measured as 2.104 m2 g−1 and 320 nm, respectively. Equilibrium adsorption was achieved at 150 min and results reflected significantly higher adsorption of Cu2+ onto DPT fibre at pH 5 (6 mg g−1, 12%) than at pH 2–4 (1–4 mg g−1, 1–7%). The adsorption data revealed maximum removal (25.4 mg g−1) at the adsorbent dose of 5 g L−1. Significantly, removal (34 mg g−1) was observed with particles 75 μm and Cu2+ removal was significantly higher (6–23 mg g−1) with increasing Cu2+ concentration from 20 to 100 mg L−1. Adsorption kinetics data were modelled using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The behaviour and the nature of Cu2+ adsorption were analysed by employing the Langmuir, Freundlich, Harkins–Jura (H–J) and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. The results reflect that the adsorption isotherm model fitted the experimental data in the following order: Langmuir (R2, 0.9933) > H–J (R2, 0.9869) > Freundlich (R2, 0.9768) > D–R (R2, 0.8827) with monolayer Cu2+ adsorption. The experimental data were best explained by a Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics with R2 = 0.9933 and 0.9905, respectively, and qmax of 25.25 mg g−1 with chemisorption (E = 14.59 kJ mol−1). The homogeneity of the adsorbent surface functional groups makes DPT suited for sequestering toxic Cu2+ from wastewater. Suitable physical, chemical and physicochemical surface modifications can further improve the adsorption capabilities of DPT adsorbents.
M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. Adsorption of copper (Cu2+) from aqueous solution using date palm trunk fibre: isotherms and kinetics. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2016, 57, 22454 -22466.
AMA StyleM.T. Amin, A.A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. Adsorption of copper (Cu2+) from aqueous solution using date palm trunk fibre: isotherms and kinetics. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2016; 57 (47):22454-22466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2016. "Adsorption of copper (Cu2+) from aqueous solution using date palm trunk fibre: isotherms and kinetics." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 47: 22454-22466.
The studies of the kinetics and isotherms adsorption of the Reactive Black 5 (RB5) onto bentonite clay were explored in a batch study in a laboratory. The maximum RB5 adsorption conditions of bentonite clay were optimized such as shaking speed (100 rpm), temperature (323 K), pH (10), contact time (40 min), initial dye concentration (170 mg·L−1), and particle size (177 µm). The adsorbent surface was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectroscopy. The mechanisms and characteristic parameters of the adsorption process were analyzed using two parameter isotherm models which revealed the following order (based on the coefficient of determination): Harkin-Jura (0.9989) > Freundlich (0.9986) and Halsey (0.9986) > Langmuir (0.9915) > Temkin (0.9818) > Dubinin–Radushkevich (0.9678). This result suggests the heterogeneous nature of bentonite clay. Moreover, the adsorption process was chemisorption in nature because it follows the pseudo-second order reaction model with R2 value of 0.9998, 0.9933 and 0.9891 at 25, 75 and 100 mg·L−1 RB5 dye in the solution, respectively. Moreover, based on the values of standard enthalpy, Gibbs free energy change, and entropy, bentonite clay showed dual nature of exothermic and endothermic, spontaneous and non-spontaneous as well as increased and decreased randomness at solid–liquid interface at 303–313 K and 313–323 K temperature, respectively.
Muhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Black 5 from Wastewater Using Bentonite Clay: Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics. Sustainability 2015, 7, 15302 -15318.
AMA StyleMuhammad Tahir Amin, Abdulrahman Ali Alazba, Muhammad Shafiq. Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Black 5 from Wastewater Using Bentonite Clay: Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (11):15302-15318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. 2015. "Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Black 5 from Wastewater Using Bentonite Clay: Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics." Sustainability 7, no. 11: 15302-15318.
Wetting pattern enhancement is one of the goals of irrigation designers and researchers. In this study, we addressed three techniques (dual-lateral drip, intermittent flow and physical barrier methods) that change the wetting pattern of subsurface drip irrigation. To study their effect on the yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of potatoes, field experiments were conducted for four seasons, during which the soil-water balance was continuously monitored using a set of capacitance probes. The results of the soil water patterns showed that both the dual-lateral and intermittent techniques increased lateral water movement and eliminated deep percolation, whereas the physical barrier had a limited effect on the top soil layer. The crop results indicated that the yield and WUE increased significantly in response to the application of the dual-lateral drip (up to 30%); the intermittent application also positively affected the yield (~10%) and the WUE (~14%), but these effects were not statistically significant according to the statistical model. The physical barrier showed a non-significant negative effect on the yield and WUE. These findings suggest the following recommended practices: the use of dual-lateral drip technique due to its beneficial results and its potential for increasing yields and reducing water consumption; the application of intermittent flow with more than three surges; and restricting the use of physical barriers to soils with high permeability.
Mohammad N. ElNesr; Abdurrahman A. Alazba. The effects of three techniques that change the wetting patterns over subsurface drip-irrigated potatoes. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2015, 13, e1204 .
AMA StyleMohammad N. ElNesr, Abdurrahman A. Alazba. The effects of three techniques that change the wetting patterns over subsurface drip-irrigated potatoes. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2015; 13 (3):e1204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad N. ElNesr; Abdurrahman A. Alazba. 2015. "The effects of three techniques that change the wetting patterns over subsurface drip-irrigated potatoes." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 3: e1204.
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a solar desalination system using three different types of feedwater to reach near zero liquid discharge (ZLD) under hyper arid environment. Solar still was used to desalinate seawater (SW), groundwater (GW), and agricultural drainage water (DW). The influence of meteorological parameters on the performance of the solar still was investigated. The system productivity (MD), operational recovery ratio (ORR), and thermal efficiency (ηth) were determined during the desalination process. Some physicochemical properties of the feed, brine, and distilled water were measured such as total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, density (ρ), and color. The performance was in direct proportion to solar radiation and ultraviolet index. The average ranges of the MD, ORR, and ηth were 0.56 L/m2/h, 36.77, and 52.38%, respectively, for all waters. The final recovery ratios were 68, 93, and 95.6% for SW, GW, and DW, respectively. Statistical empirical models were found to predict the system performance with a range of R2 was 88–96%. One major output of this research is the assessment of the solar still system during the desalination process for near-ZLD, which adds a new perspective to system design, analysis, and modeling of the possible use of solar energy in ZLD desalination process. On the other hand, more studies are required for the continuous pilot production system, modeling for commercial production, in addition to full economic evaluation of the system.
Ahmed F. Mashaly; A.A. Alazba; A.M. Al-Awaadh. Assessing the performance of solar desalination system to approach near-ZLD under hyper arid environment. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2015, 57, 12019 -12036.
AMA StyleAhmed F. Mashaly, A.A. Alazba, A.M. Al-Awaadh. Assessing the performance of solar desalination system to approach near-ZLD under hyper arid environment. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2015; 57 (26):12019-12036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed F. Mashaly; A.A. Alazba; A.M. Al-Awaadh. 2015. "Assessing the performance of solar desalination system to approach near-ZLD under hyper arid environment." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 26: 12019-12036.
Drought forecasting plays a crucial role in drought mitigation actions. Thus, this research deals with linear stochastic models (autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)) as a suitable tool to forecast drought. Several ARIMA models are developed for drought forecasting using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in a hyper-arid climate. The results reveal that all developed ARIMA models demonstrate the potential ability to forecast drought over different time scales. In these models, the p, d, q, P, D and Q values are quite similar for the same SPEI time scale. This is in correspondence with autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA) parameter estimate values, which are also similar. Therefore, the ARIMA model (1, 1, 0) (2, 0, 1) could be considered as a general model for the Al Qassim region. Meanwhile, the ARIMA model (1, 0, 3) (0, 0, 0) at 3-SPEI and the ARIMA model (1, 1, 1) (2, 0, 1) at 24-SPEI could be generalized for the Hail region. The ARIMA models at the 24-SPEI time scale is the best forecasting models with high R2 (more than 0.9) and lower values of RMSE and MAE, while they are the least forecasting at the 3-SPEI time scale. Accordingly, this study recommends that ARIMA models can be very useful tools for drought forecasting that can help water resource managers and planners to take precautions considering the severity of drought in advance.
Amr Mossad; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba. Drought Forecasting Using Stochastic Models in a Hyper-Arid Climate. Atmosphere 2015, 6, 410 -430.
AMA StyleAmr Mossad, Abdulrahman Ali Alazba. Drought Forecasting Using Stochastic Models in a Hyper-Arid Climate. Atmosphere. 2015; 6 (4):410-430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Mossad; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba. 2015. "Drought Forecasting Using Stochastic Models in a Hyper-Arid Climate." Atmosphere 6, no. 4: 410-430.
Mohammad ElNesr; A A Alazba; Abdullah A. Alsadon. An arithmetic method to determine the most suitable planting dates for vegetables. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2013, 90, 131 -143.
AMA StyleMohammad ElNesr, A A Alazba, Abdullah A. Alsadon. An arithmetic method to determine the most suitable planting dates for vegetables. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2013; 90 ():131-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad ElNesr; A A Alazba; Abdullah A. Alsadon. 2013. "An arithmetic method to determine the most suitable planting dates for vegetables." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 90, no. : 131-143.
Friction head loss equations and friction correction factors were evaluated and compared to field observations collected from thirty center pivots with laterals made of PVCs. The friction head loss equations include Darcy-Weisbach (D-W), Hazen-Williams (H-W), and Scobey, in addition to a proposed equation valid for smooth and rough pipe types and for all turbulent flow types. The proposed equation was developed by combining the equations of D-W and H-W, along with the multiple nonlinear regression technique. The friction correction factors were computed by using the typical Christiansen, modified Christiansen, Anwar, and Alazba formulae. The evaluation has been based on statistical error techniques with observed values as a reference. With the combination of modified Christiansen, Anwar, and Alazba formulae, the results revealed that the magnitudes of friction head loss calculated by using the D-W, H-W, and proposed equations were in agreement with field observations. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) values ranged from 1.6 to 1.7 m. As expected, and when the typical Christiansen friction correction factor was used with the D-W, H-W, and proposed equations, the results showed poor agreement between observed and computed friction head loss values. This was clearly reflected by the high RMSD values that ranged from 5.4 to 5.9 m. On the other hand, agreement occurred between observed friction head loss values and those calculated by using the Scobey equation, invalid for PVC pipe type, when combined with the typical Christiansen formula. This interesting finding led to improved results of the Scobey equation through a developed Cs coefficient suitably valid for PVC pipe type through analytically mathematical derivation; accordingly, the RMSD value dropped from approximately 8.6 to 1.6 m.
A A Alazba; M. A. Mattar; M. N. ElNesr; Muhammad Amin. Field Assessment of Friction Head Loss and Friction Correction Factor Equations. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 2012, 138, 166 -176.
AMA StyleA A Alazba, M. A. Mattar, M. N. ElNesr, Muhammad Amin. Field Assessment of Friction Head Loss and Friction Correction Factor Equations. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 2012; 138 (2):166-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA A Alazba; M. A. Mattar; M. N. ElNesr; Muhammad Amin. 2012. "Field Assessment of Friction Head Loss and Friction Correction Factor Equations." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 138, no. 2: 166-176.
Soil moisture conservation and combating soil erosion on agricultural fields are the highest priorities for crop production in arid lands. In this research, the effect of land application of rock fragments on runoff, soil loss, and vegetative cover on a silt loam soil has been tested under natural rainfall conditions. Field plots of 2 m wide by 10 m long were prepared in two locations with a deposit installed at the downstream end of the plots to collect runoff and sediments after each storm during the 2004/2005 winter season. Three treatments were used in the experiments in duplicates including plots covered with 5% and 15% stone and a control. Experimental results showed that rock fragments were highly effective in reducing runoff and soil loss. Runoff depth from plots covered with rock fragments at a rate of 5% and 15% was reduced by 17% and 30% compared to the control, respectively. The corresponding reductions in soil loss for both stone treatment levels were as high as 35% and 53%, respectively. The average soil moisture measured at the center of the plots during the entire season was always higher for stone treated plots and increased with stone coverage percentage compared to control. Consequently, vegetative cover was higher in the plots with 5% rock fragments cover. For higher stone coverage of 15%, rock fragments occupy more soil surface area and, therefore, reduce the space available for vegetation.
Majed M. Abu-Zreig; Abdullah Tamimi; Abdulrahman A. Alazba. Soil Erosion Control and Moisture Conservation of Arid Lands with Stone Cover. Arid Land Research and Management 2011, 25, 294 -307.
AMA StyleMajed M. Abu-Zreig, Abdullah Tamimi, Abdulrahman A. Alazba. Soil Erosion Control and Moisture Conservation of Arid Lands with Stone Cover. Arid Land Research and Management. 2011; 25 (3):294-307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMajed M. Abu-Zreig; Abdullah Tamimi; Abdulrahman A. Alazba. 2011. "Soil Erosion Control and Moisture Conservation of Arid Lands with Stone Cover." Arid Land Research and Management 25, no. 3: 294-307.
The Penman–Monteith (PM) method is the most recommended method for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The PM equation requires several parameters to be available, either measured or computed. Some of these parameters are conventionally calculated by some slightly sophisticated formulas, especially for handy calculations. This paper aimed to derive some simpler statistical equivalents to these formulas. Simplifications were performed to the formulas of the saturation vapor pressure e o[T], slope of vapor pressure (∆), atmospheric pressure (P), the psychrometric constant (γ), wind speed correction, the long-wave radiation, R nl; the sunset hour angle, ω s; and the extraterrestrial radiation, R a. For the first five parameters, the parameter-independent factor was analyzed for its extremes, then fitted by interpolation to a simpler equivalent formula. The last three parameters were fitted to simpler form through data from the FAO-CLIMWAT database. Each of the simplified formulas was compared to the conventional one; some correlation indices were applied to validate the new formulas. The ETo was calculated for all stations in the CLIMWAT database by both simplified and conventional formulas. All the correlation results were excellent, with a minimum correlation coefficient of 0.9966. The simplified formulas were proven to be equivalent in performance, with almost no loss in accuracy but simpler in form and faster in execution in the online database applications.
Mohammad N. ElNesr; Abdulrahman A. Alazba. Simple statistical equivalents of Penman–Monteith formula’s parameters in the absence of non-basic climatic factors. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2010, 5, 757 -767.
AMA StyleMohammad N. ElNesr, Abdulrahman A. Alazba. Simple statistical equivalents of Penman–Monteith formula’s parameters in the absence of non-basic climatic factors. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2010; 5 (4):757-767.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad N. ElNesr; Abdulrahman A. Alazba. 2010. "Simple statistical equivalents of Penman–Monteith formula’s parameters in the absence of non-basic climatic factors." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 5, no. 4: 757-767.
Temperature Trends and Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula
Mohammad ElNesr; Majed M. Abu-Zreig; Abdurrahman A. Alazba. Temperature Trends and Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010, 6, 191 -203.
AMA StyleMohammad ElNesr, Majed M. Abu-Zreig, Abdurrahman A. Alazba. Temperature Trends and Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula. American Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2010; 6 (2):191-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad ElNesr; Majed M. Abu-Zreig; Abdurrahman A. Alazba. 2010. "Temperature Trends and Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 6, no. 2: 191-203.
The explicit volume balance model was modified and combined with the motion equation of the zero inertia to predict water advance in border irrigation. A system of dimensionless notation was used to obtain implicit and explicit solutions of the model. This model is simpler than previously used models, yet maintains a high degree of accuracy. The proposed model requires no programming and can easily be performed using a hand calculator. The outcomes of the proposed model were comparable to those of the more sophisticated zero inertia model. Using well-documented field examples, the proposed model provided acceptable results, implying that it could be used in practice to determine the advance distance with insignificant errors. In addition, the model is applicable to conditions under which the traditional volume balance model fails.
Alazba A.; A. Alazba. Simple mathematical model for water advance determination. Irrigation Science 2002, 21, 75 -81.
AMA StyleAlazba A., A. Alazba. Simple mathematical model for water advance determination. Irrigation Science. 2002; 21 (2):75-81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlazba A.; A. Alazba. 2002. "Simple mathematical model for water advance determination." Irrigation Science 21, no. 2: 75-81.
John D. Valiantzas; A. A. Alazba. Explicit Volume Balance Model Solution. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 2001, 127, 60 -61.
AMA StyleJohn D. Valiantzas, A. A. Alazba. Explicit Volume Balance Model Solution. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 2001; 127 (1):60-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn D. Valiantzas; A. A. Alazba. 2001. "Explicit Volume Balance Model Solution." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 127, no. 1: 60-61.