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Mr. Muhammad Shafiq
Alamoudi Water Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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0 Chemical Engineering
0 Wastewater Treatment
0 Environmental technology
0 Nanomaterials (Synthesis and Characterization)
0 Adsorption and adsorbent materials

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Research article chemical engineering
Published: 03 April 2021 in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
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The adsorption of Pb2+ onto zinc–iron layered double hydroxide (ZnFe–LDH) and its composites coupled with single-walled carbon nanotubes (ZnFe–CNTs) and biochar, which had been obtained from orange peel waste biomass (ZnFe–OPb), was studied in detail. The successful formations of Zn2+- and Fe3+-LDH were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that Pb2+ was adsorbed successfully on ZnFe-LDH. Further, both ZnFe-LDH and ZnFe–CNTs exhibited ~ 60% removal efficiencies for Pb2+ at 20 mgL–1 with rapid adsorption at an initial contact time of 30 min, while the equilibrium was achieved at ~ 60 min with a 95% removal efficiency with ZnFe–OPb. Furthermore, the pseudo-second-order kinetics demonstrated the best fit, thus supporting the chemisorption essence of the adsorption mechanism. ZnFe–OPb demonstrated a twofold increase in the adsorption efficiency compared with simple LDH or ZnFe–CNTs, as the initial Pb2+ concentration was enhanced from 10 to 100 mgL–1. The percentage removal and adsorption capacity increased almost linearly as the pH of the solution changed from 2 to 5, suggesting that the optimum pH value was approximately 5 or 6 for all adsorbents. The percentage removal of Pb2+ also increased on increasing the dose. Additionally, the optimum removal efficiency of 99% was obtained with 0.7 g of ZnFe–OPb. The Langmuir model corresponds best with the adsorption data, while the Sips isotherm indicated that ZnFe-LDH exhibited the highest degree of heterogeneity compared with the other adsorbents in this study.

ACS Style

M. Shafiq; A. A. Alazba; M. T. Amin. Application of Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide and its composites with biochar and carbon nanotubes to the adsorption of lead in a batch system: kinetics and isotherms. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

M. Shafiq, A. A. Alazba, M. T. Amin. Application of Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide and its composites with biochar and carbon nanotubes to the adsorption of lead in a batch system: kinetics and isotherms. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2021; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Shafiq; A. A. Alazba; M. T. Amin. 2021. "Application of Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide and its composites with biochar and carbon nanotubes to the adsorption of lead in a batch system: kinetics and isotherms." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering , no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The production of biosorbents by waste biomass has attracted considerable attention due to the low cost and abundance of the raw materials. Here biochar produced from Eucalyptus camdulensis sawdust (EU-biochar) via pyrolysis at 600 °C was used as a potential biosorbent for Ni2+ and Pb2+ metal ions from wastewater. Characterization experiments indicated the formation of C- and O-bearing functional groups on the EU-biochar surface, while shifts and changes in the shape of C–H bands suggested the adsorption of Ni2+ and Pb2+ onto EU-biochar by interacting with surface carboxylic groups. Pb2+ was adsorbed more quickly than Ni2+, indicating a faster and stronger interaction of Pb2+ with EU-biochar compared to Ni2+. As the initial concentrations of both metal ions increased, the percentage removal decreased, whereas increasing the EU-biochar dose improved the percentage removal but impaired the adsorption capacity for Ni2+ and Pb2+. The adsorption capacity could only be improved without affecting the percentage removal of both ions by increasing the pH of the metal solutions. The sorption efficiency of EU-biochar and the removal mechanism of Ni2+ and Pb2+ were further explored using non-linear and linear forms of kinetic and isotherm models.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shafiq; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Amin. Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3785 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Shafiq, Abdulrahman Alazba, Muhammad Amin. Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3785.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shafiq; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Amin. 2021. "Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3785.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Eucalyptus camdulensis biochar (Ec-bio) was used to adsorb crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) dyes, which was optimized and further evaluated using different isotherm and kinetic models. Microscopy and spectroscopy techniques showed the interactions of the dyes with the surface functional groups of the Ec-bio, resulting in the removal of the dyes from aqueous solution. Both dyes were immediately uptaken, with equilibrium reached in 60 min, with a higher sorption efficiency of CV compared to MB. Thermodynamic parameters showed endothermic adsorption and the nonspontaneous adsorption of both dyes onto the Ec-bio. Both the adsorption capacity and percentage removal increased with the increasing solution pH from 2.0 to 4.0 and to 10 for CV and MB. An increase in adsorption capacity was observed upon increasing the initial concentrations, with a corresponding decrease in the percentage removal. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich kinetic models (nonlinear approach) were a good fit to the data of both dyes, confirming a chemisorptive adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm fitted well to the CV data, supporting its monolayer adsorption onto the Ec-bio, while the Freundlich isotherm was a good fit to the MB dye data, suggesting the surface heterogeneity of the Ec-bio. The Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm was a good fit to the adsorption CV data compared with the MB dye, suggesting the physisorption of both dyes onto the Ec-bio due to its mean free energy of adsorption of −1.

ACS Style

Muhammad Amin; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3600 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Amin, Abdulrahman Alazba, Muhammad Shafiq. Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3600.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Amin; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. 2021. "Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3600.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Membranes
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We investigated the adsorption of lead (Pb2+) and nickel (Ni2+) ions by electrospun membranes of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber activated with NaHCO3 (PANmod). Analysis by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) validated the functionalization of PAN nanofibers with NaHCO3, and the successful agglomeration of Pb2+ and Ni2+ onto PANmod. After a rapid uptake of the heavy metal ions (15 min), the equilibrium contact time was attained (60 min) following a linear increase of both adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. PANmod showed a better affinity for Ni2+ than Pb2+. The adsorption on PANmod was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both studied models, supporting chemisorption. By varying the solution pH from 2.0 to 9.0, we found that the adsorption capacity followed an increasing trend, reaching a maximum at the pH of 7.0. Despite increasing adsorption capacities, the removal efficiency of both heavy metal ions exhibited a decreasing trend with increase in initial concentrations. The amount of PANmod directly affects the removal efficiency, with 0.7 and 0.2 g being the optimum dose for maximum uptake of Pb2+ and Ni2+, respectively. The Langmuir model fitted well the Pb2+ adsorption data suggesting monolayer adsorption, and the Freundlich model perfectly fitted the Ni2+ adsorption data, indicating heterogeneous adsorption. The estimated values of the mean free energy of adsorption in the D–R isotherm indicated a physical adsorption of both heavy metal ions into the surface of the PANmod.

ACS Style

Muhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Membranes 2020, 11, 10 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Tahir Amin, Abdulrahman Ali Alazba, Muhammad Shafiq. Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Membranes. 2020; 11 (1):10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. 2020. "Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models." Membranes 11, no. 1: 10.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Current Applied Physics
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In the study, the layered double hydroxide (LDH) of NiZnFe and its composites with date-palm biochar (LDH-DPb) and carbon nanotubes (LDH-cnt) were synthesized for adsorbing reactive black 5 (RB5) dye from aqueous solutions. In the first 5 min, rapid adsorption was followed by a gradual increase in both dye uptake and removal efficiency of up to 60 min of starting time. In the investigated pH range (3.0–8.0), the removal efficiency linearly decreased while the sorption capacity linearly increased for all three adsorbents as their doses increased to 0.3 or 0.4 g following a decreasing trend up to 0.6 g. By increasing the initial RB5 concentration from 10 to 100 mg L−1, the removal efficiency linearly decreased. A nearly perfect fitting of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model to the adsorption data was observed; however, the Elovich kinetic model showed the heterogeneous surface of adsorbents with chemisorption. At the solid–liquid interface, from a thermodynamics point of view, we obtained the nonspontaneous nature of the adsorption of RB5 dye of the studied adsorbents with an increased disorder, which supported the endothermic nature onto the studied adsorption process. Furthermore, a nearly perfect fitting of the Langmuir model was obtained to the adsorption data, thereby suggesting the monolayer adsorption of RB5 dye onto the studied adsorbents. In the Dubinin–Radushkevich model, a good agreement of the calculated adsorption capacities to the experimental values were observed and the chemical adsorption of RB5 dye on to the studied adsorbents was proposed based on E (8 – 16 kJ mol−1).

ACS Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. LDH of NiZnFe and its composites with carbon nanotubes and data-palm biochar with efficient adsorption capacity for RB5 dye from aqueous solutions: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics studies. Current Applied Physics 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

M.T. Amin, A.A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. LDH of NiZnFe and its composites with carbon nanotubes and data-palm biochar with efficient adsorption capacity for RB5 dye from aqueous solutions: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics studies. Current Applied Physics. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2020. "LDH of NiZnFe and its composites with carbon nanotubes and data-palm biochar with efficient adsorption capacity for RB5 dye from aqueous solutions: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics studies." Current Applied Physics , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
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The adsorption potential of layered double hydroxides (LDH) of nickle–zinc–iron (NiZnFe) and its composites with single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and banana biochar (Bb) was investigated for divalent copper (Cu2+) removal in a batch system. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectra confirmed the adsorption of Cu2+ onto LDH (NiZnFe) and its composites with Bb (LDH/Bb) and CNTs (LDH/cnt). The optimum equilibrium contact time was determined to be ~ 30 min, with LDH/Bb displaying the maximum uptake and removal efficiency (95%) for an initial Cu2+ concentration of 20 mg L−1. Pseudo-second-order kinetic models presented high R2 values (1.0) for all adsorbents, indicating good agreement between the theoretical adsorption capacities with experimental values. Multistep adsorption with both the surface and pore diffusion mechanism was suggested as well based on the intraparticle diffusion kinetic model. An optimum pH of 5.0 was considered with an increase in the uptake of Cu2+ and its removal efficiency, wherein LDH/Bb presented a greater removal efficiency and higher Cu2+ uptake compared with that of LDH (NiZnFe) and LDH/cnt. A gradual increase in Cu2+ uptake was observed in association with an increase in adsorbent dose from 0.2 to 0.5 g, with insignificant changes upon further increasing the dose of the adsorbent from 0.5 to 0.9 g. An increase in the initial Cu2+ concentrations from 10 to 100 mg L−1 resulted in a decrease in the removal efficiency, whereas Cu2+ uptake increased almost linearly in the Cu2+ concentration range of 10–60 mg L−1. Results of experimental data fitting using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models suggest a dominance of monolayer adsorption, although multilayer adsorption appears to occur onto adsorbents with heterogeneous surfaces. Notably, chemisorption was also proposed to occur owing to the values of mean free energy of adsorption falling in the 8–16-kJ mol−1 range, as calculated using the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model. Importantly, the use of the SIP isotherm model indicated LDH/Bb to exhibit higher energy of adsorption and degree of heterogeneity than other two adsorbents. Thus, biochar or CNTs composited NiZnFe-LDH could serve as efficient adsorbents for Cu2+ removal from wastewater streams.

ACS Style

M. Shafiq; A. A. Alazba; M. T. Amin. Adsorption of Divalent Copper Ions from Synthetic Wastewater Using Layered Double Hydroxides (NiZnFe) and Its Composites with Banana Biochar and Carbon Nanotubes. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2020, 231, 1 -16.

AMA Style

M. Shafiq, A. A. Alazba, M. T. Amin. Adsorption of Divalent Copper Ions from Synthetic Wastewater Using Layered Double Hydroxides (NiZnFe) and Its Composites with Banana Biochar and Carbon Nanotubes. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2020; 231 (7):1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Shafiq; A. A. Alazba; M. T. Amin. 2020. "Adsorption of Divalent Copper Ions from Synthetic Wastewater Using Layered Double Hydroxides (NiZnFe) and Its Composites with Banana Biochar and Carbon Nanotubes." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231, no. 7: 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2019 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye and cadmium (Cd2+) onto biochar derived from date palm leaf waste (DPbc) was evaluated and modeled using adsorption kinetics and different isotherm models; further, the batch process parameters were optimized. Surface characterization techniques revealed rough and porous surfaces on the biochar matrices. Additionally, the sorption of Cd2+ and MB dye onto DPbc altered its surface morphology and elemental composition. Equilibrium contact time of 60 and 30 min are proposed for Cd2+ and the MB dye, respectively, and a strong correlation to the experimental data was seen using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The removal efficiency and the sorption capacity of Cd2+ increased upon increasing the initial pH from 2.5 to 5.5, while a decreasing trend was observed for the MB dye when the solution pH was increased from 2 to 10. The removal efficiency of Cd2+ and MB dyes increased by 70% and 20% when the DPbc dose increased from 0.5 to 2.0 g and 0.3 to 1.0 g, respectively. The adsorption capacity increased, while the removal efficiency decreased for both Cd2+ and the MB dye as the initial pollutant concentration increased due to a rapid saturation of the sorption sites. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency increased upon increasing the solution temperature from 30 to 60 °C, indicating an endothermic reaction. A spontaneous nature is proposed for the adsorption process as the Gibbs free energy is negative. Experimental adsorption could be modeled better using the Freundlich isotherm model compared to other isotherm models for both Cd2+ and the MB dye.

ACS Style

M. Shafiq; A. A. Alazba; M. T. Amin. Synthesis, characterization, and application of date palm leaf waste-derived biochar to remove cadmium and hazardous cationic dyes from synthetic wastewater. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2019, 12, 1 -11.

AMA Style

M. Shafiq, A. A. Alazba, M. T. Amin. Synthesis, characterization, and application of date palm leaf waste-derived biochar to remove cadmium and hazardous cationic dyes from synthetic wastewater. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2019; 12 (2):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Shafiq; A. A. Alazba; M. T. Amin. 2019. "Synthesis, characterization, and application of date palm leaf waste-derived biochar to remove cadmium and hazardous cationic dyes from synthetic wastewater." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 12, no. 2: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 20 June 2017 in Water Science and Technology
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Adsorption of the hazardous dye malachite green (MG) by Acacia nilotica (AN) waste was investigated. Batch process variables for the adsorption of MG by AN were optimized. The mechanisms involved in the adsorption of MG by AN were explored using isotherms and kinetic models. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated to determine the spontaneity and thermal nature of the MG adsorption reaction. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of AN was found to be 113.26 mg/g at 30 °C. The MG adsorption data revealed that AN adsorbs MG by multilayer adsorption, as shown by the better fit of the data to the Freundlich and Halsey models (R2 = 0.99) rather than to the Langmuir model. Multilayer adsorption involves physisorption, which was confirmed by the E value (mean free energy of adsorption) of the Dubinin–Radushkevich model (6.52 kJ/mol). Surface diffusion was found to be the main driving force for MG adsorption by AN. The MG adsorption reaction was endothermic, based on the enthalpy, and was controlled by the entropy of the system in the T1 temperature range (30 to 40 °C), while the opposite trend was observed in the T2 range (40 to 50 °C). Moreover, MG adsorption by AN was found to be nonspontaneous at all temperatures.

ACS Style

M. T. Amin; A. A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. Nonspontaneous and multilayer adsorption of malachite green dye by Acacia nilotica waste with dominance of physisorption. Water Science and Technology 2017, 76, 1805 -1815.

AMA Style

M. T. Amin, A. A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. Nonspontaneous and multilayer adsorption of malachite green dye by Acacia nilotica waste with dominance of physisorption. Water Science and Technology. 2017; 76 (7):1805-1815.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. T. Amin; A. A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2017. "Nonspontaneous and multilayer adsorption of malachite green dye by Acacia nilotica waste with dominance of physisorption." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 7: 1805-1815.