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Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) continues to threaten the cattle industry in Egypt. This survey investigated the epidemiological risk factors and the genetic characterization of circulating strains by partial sequencing of the P32 gene on cattle farms in the Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Out of 600 cattle examined, morbidity, mortality, and case fatality were 31.2%, 1.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. Risk of LSD was higher among unvaccinated cattle kept outdoors compared to vaccinated cattle kept indoors, and the prevalence rates were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). Regarding seasonal distribution, the highest number of cases was in June and July, and the lowest was in November. The P32 gene sequences showed that two LSDV isolates were 100% identical and 99.26% identical with 2017 Russian LSDV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two local isolates in this study were grouped together with other LSDVs from Russia (Saratov), Kenya, Greece, and Israel. The sequences in the study and other Egyptian sequences were grouped into two clusters with low genetic divergence, indicating that different strains are spreading in Egypt and that LSDV is more genetically related to sheep poxviruses than goat poxviruses. Our study confirms the necessity of evaluating the vaccination strategy adopted in Egypt, and sequence analysis based on the P32 gene is appropriate for genetic epidemiological studies of the local LSDVs.
Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Rafa Almeer; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim. Lumpy skin disease in cattle in Sharkia, Egypt: epidemiological and genetic characterization of the virus. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2021, 53, 1 -8.
AMA StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig, Rafa Almeer, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim. Lumpy skin disease in cattle in Sharkia, Egypt: epidemiological and genetic characterization of the virus. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2021; 53 (2):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig; Rafa Almeer; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim. 2021. "Lumpy skin disease in cattle in Sharkia, Egypt: epidemiological and genetic characterization of the virus." Tropical Animal Health and Production 53, no. 2: 1-8.
Calf diarrhea is one of the considerable infectious diseases in calves, which results in tremendous economic losses globally. To determine the prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) incriminated in calf diarrhea, with special reference to Shiga- toxins genes (stx1 and stx2) and enterotoxins genes (lt and sta) that govern their pathogenesis, as well as the virulence genes; eaeA (intimin) and f41(fimbrial adhesion), and the screening of their antibiogram and antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM, a total of 274 fecal samples were collected (April 2018–Feb 2019) from diarrheic calves at different farms in El-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The bacteriological examination revealed that the prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves was 28.8%. The serotyping of the isolated E. coli revealed 7 serogroups; O26, O128, O111, O125, O45, O119 and O91. Furthermore, the Congo red binding test was carried out, where 89.8% of the examined strains (n = 71) were positive. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was investigated; the majority of E. coli serotypes exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) to four antimicrobial agents; neomycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the prevalence of the virulence genes; stx1, stx2 lt, sta, f41 and eaeA, as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM. The prevalence of STEC was 20.2% (n = 16), while the prevalence of ETEC was 30.4% (n = 24). Briefly, the Shiga toxins genes; stx1 and stx2, are the most prevalent virulence genes associated with STEC, which are responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease and helped by the intimin gene (eaeA). In addition, the lt gene is the most prevalent enterotoxin gene accompanied by the ETEC strains, either alone or in combination with sta and/or f41 genes. The majority of pathogenic E. coli incriminated in calf diarrhea possesses the aadB resistance gene, followed by the sul1 gene. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ampicillin-sulbactam, are the most effective antimicrobial agents against the isolated STEC and ETEC strains.
Abdelazeem M. Algammal; Ali W. El-Kholy; Emad M. Riad; Hossam E. Mohamed; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Sulaiman A. Al Yousef; Wael N. Hozzein; Madeha O. I. Ghobashy. Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-Toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves. Toxins 2020, 12, 383 .
AMA StyleAbdelazeem M. Algammal, Ali W. El-Kholy, Emad M. Riad, Hossam E. Mohamed, Mahmoud M. Elhaig, Sulaiman A. Al Yousef, Wael N. Hozzein, Madeha O. I. Ghobashy. Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-Toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves. Toxins. 2020; 12 (6):383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelazeem M. Algammal; Ali W. El-Kholy; Emad M. Riad; Hossam E. Mohamed; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Sulaiman A. Al Yousef; Wael N. Hozzein; Madeha O. I. Ghobashy. 2020. "Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-Toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves." Toxins 12, no. 6: 383.
This study aimed to inspect the occurrence of Haemoproteus tinnunculi (H. tinnunculi) in falcons from the central area of Saudi Arabia. Blood samples from 100 falcons species, including 55 Falco cherrug, 22 Falco peregrinus, 13 Falco pelegrinoides, and 10 Falco rusticolus, were collected from November 2018 to April 2019 and examined for H. tinnunculi by microscopic examination and nested PCR, targeting a cytochrome b (cytb) gene. The prevalence was 1% by microscopic examination. The prevalence rate of H. tinnunculi was 1% by the microscopic method and 3% by PCR. Only F. cherrug was infected. In the sequence and phylogenetic analyses, the two cytb H. tinnunculi sequences were 100% identical and closely related to the Lithuanian isolate with 99.35% identity. This study presents the first report of molecular detection and characterization of H. tinnunculai in F. cherrug from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Faleh AlFaleh; Mohamed Alyousif; Mahmoud Elhaig. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Haemoproteus tinnunculi from falcons in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 2020, 7, 626 -632.
AMA StyleFaleh AlFaleh, Mohamed Alyousif, Mahmoud Elhaig. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Haemoproteus tinnunculi from falcons in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2020; 7 (4):626-632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaleh AlFaleh; Mohamed Alyousif; Mahmoud Elhaig. 2020. "Prevalence and molecular characterization of Haemoproteus tinnunculi from falcons in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 7, no. 4: 626-632.
This study aimed to examine the occurrence of Caryospora (C.) neofalconis in falcons from the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Fecal samples (n = 149) from 149 healthy falcons including 56 saker falcons (Falco cherrug), 13 lanner falcons (F. biarmicus), 18 peregrine falcons (F. peregrinus), 40 Barbary falcons (F. pelegrinoides), and 22 gyrfalcons (F. rusticolus) were collected between October 2018 and May 2019. The fecal samples were examined for the presence of C. neofalconis by microscopic examination followed by confirmation by polymerase chain reaction targeting 18S rRNA genes and their phylogenetic analyses. The overall prevalence of C. neofalconis in the falcons was recorded as 10.7% (16/149) by microscopic examination. The highest prevalence was found in F. peregrinus (6/18, 33.3%), followed by F. rusticolus (3/22, 13.6%), F. cherrug (5/56, 8.9 %) and F. pelegrinoides (2/40, 5.0%). There was no C. neofalconis infection observed in F. biamicus. The 18S rRNA gene could be amplified in eight samples. The phylogenetic analysis of two C. neofalconis isolates exhibited a close relationship with the Mexican isolate (KT03081) with a 99.7% identity. To our knowledge, based on the microscopic and molecular analysis, this is the first report of C. neofalconis in F. cherrug, F. rusticolus, F. pelegrinoides, and F. peregrinus from the central region of the KSA and it emphasize the value of adopting preventive measures to limit the spread of C. neofalconis.
Faleh AlFaleh; Mohamed Alyousif; Mahmoud Elhaig. The emergence of Caryospora neofalconis in falcons in Central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 2020, 7, 530 -536.
AMA StyleFaleh AlFaleh, Mohamed Alyousif, Mahmoud Elhaig. The emergence of Caryospora neofalconis in falcons in Central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2020; 7 (3):530-536.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaleh AlFaleh; Mohamed Alyousif; Mahmoud Elhaig. 2020. "The emergence of Caryospora neofalconis in falcons in Central Saudi Arabia." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 7, no. 3: 530-536.
The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and efficiency of techniques for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Gamma interferon assay (IFN-γ) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in comparison to skin tuberculin test and culture technique. A total of 2600 cross-breed dairy cattle in Menoufia and Daqahlia governorates were tested by the single intradermal tuberculin test where the disease prevalence was 1.8%. Serum and whole blood samples were collected from positive tuberculin reactors for ELISA and IFN-γ assay, respectively. After slaughtering of positive tuberculin reactors, the post-mortem examination was carried out and tissue samples were collected for the bacteriological examination and PCR. The percentage of visible lesions of tuberculin reactors was 78.7%, while non-visible lesions were 21.27%. Culture technique revealed that the percentage of bTB was 63.8%. The ELISA and IFN-γ assay using short-term culture filtrate (ST-CF) prepared antigen revealed higher sensitivity (72.3% and 82.9%) than the bovine purified protein derivative (PPD-B) antigen. Although prepared ST-CF antigen has great efficiency and eligibility for the diagnosis of bTB, PCR appeared to have a higher sensitivity (85.1%) than other diagnostic methods when dealing with post-mortem samples. Gamma interferon assay using ST-CF antigen is recommended for antemortem diagnosis of bTB in cattle.
Abdelazeem Algammal; Ali Wahdan; Mahmoud M. Elhaig. Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Microbial Pathogenesis 2019, 134, 103574 .
AMA StyleAbdelazeem Algammal, Ali Wahdan, Mahmoud M. Elhaig. Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2019; 134 ():103574.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelazeem Algammal; Ali Wahdan; Mahmoud M. Elhaig. 2019. "Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle." Microbial Pathogenesis 134, no. : 103574.
Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Abdelfattah Selim; Ahmad S. Mandour; Claudia Schulz; Bernd Hoffmann. Prevalence and molecular characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus from Ismailia and Suez, Northeastern Egypt, 2014–2016. Small Ruminant Research 2018, 169, 94 -98.
AMA StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig, Abdelfattah Selim, Ahmad S. Mandour, Claudia Schulz, Bernd Hoffmann. Prevalence and molecular characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus from Ismailia and Suez, Northeastern Egypt, 2014–2016. Small Ruminant Research. 2018; 169 ():94-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig; Abdelfattah Selim; Ahmad S. Mandour; Claudia Schulz; Bernd Hoffmann. 2018. "Prevalence and molecular characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus from Ismailia and Suez, Northeastern Egypt, 2014–2016." Small Ruminant Research 169, no. : 94-98.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an endemic disease in animals and humans in Egypt. This study aims to investigate the antimycobacterial activity of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, using the microplate Alamar blue assay. The AgNPs were chemically synthesised and their form and size were characterised by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The reference strains of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv, and one multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) strain of M. tuberculosis were tested, as well as clinical isolates of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. The AgNPs were tetrahydral with a few spherical particles and an average particle size of 50 nm. The mycobacterial strains were varied with MICs of AgNPs. Both reference strains of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, in addition to the MDR strain of M. tuberculosis, were successfully inhibited by AgNPs at MICs of 1 ?g/ml, 4 ?g/ml and 16 ?g/ml, respectively, whereas clinical isolates of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis were inhibited at MIC values of 4–32 ?g/ml and 1–16 ?g/ml, respectively. The AgNPs showed an in vitro chemotherapeutic effect against Mycobacterium spp.Thus, they can be used to treat TB not only in humans but also in animals, and maybe useful in TB prevention and control strategies worldwide. En Egipto, la tuberculosis es una enfermedad endemica que afecta a personas y animales. Los autores describen un estudio encaminado a analizar la actividad antimicobacteriana de las nanoparticulas de plata, determinando para ello la concentracion inhibitoria minima de nanoparticulas mediante el ensayo de microtitulacion en placa con azul Alamar. Tras sintetizar quimicamente las nanoparticulas de plata y caracterizar su forma y tamano por espectrometria de absorcion ultravioleta-visible, microscopia electronica de transmision y difraccion de rayos X, se sometieron a prueba las cepas de referencia de Mycobacterium bovis y Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, asi como una cepa multirresistente de M. tuberculosis y muestras de M. bovis y M. tuberculosis aisladas a partir de casos clinicos. Salvo unas pocas de forma esferica, las nanoparticulas de plataeran tetraedricas. Su tamano era en promedio de 50 nm. Tras someter las cepas de micobacterias a distintas concentraciones de nanoparticulas, se observo que estas inhibian el crecimiento de las cepas de referencia de M. tuberculosis y M. bovis y de la cepa multirresistente de M. tuberculosis a concentraciones minimas de 1 ?g/ml, 4 ?g/ml y 16 ?g/ml, respectivamente, mientras que las muestras clinicas de M. bovis y M. tuberculosis quedaban inhibidas por la presencia de nanoparticulas a valores de concentracion minima de 4–32 ?g/ml y 1–16 ?g/ml, respectivamente. Tambien se observo que, in vitro, las nanoparticulas de plata mostraban actividad farmacologica contra Mycobacterium spp. De ahi se sigue que pueden ser empleadas para tratar la tuberculosis no solo en personas, sino tambien en animales, y que pueden resultar utiles en todo el mundo para las estrategias de prevencion y control de la tuberculosis. En Egypte, la tuberculose est une maladie endémique chez l’homme comme chez l’animal. Les auteurs présentent les résultats d’une étude conduite pour mesurer l’activité antibactérienne des nanoparticules d’argent (NPAg) en déterminant les valeurs de concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) des NPAg au moyen du test au bleu Alamar sur microplaques. Les NPAg ont été synthétisées par une méthode chimique et leur forme et taille ont été caractérisées par spectrophotométrie d’absorption dans l’ultra-violet, microscopie électronique à transmission et diffraction des rayons X. L’étude a cible les souches de référence de Mycobacterium bovis et de Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, ainsi qu’une souche multirésistante de M. tuberculosis et des isolats cliniques de M. bovis et M. tuberculosis. Les NPAg étaient à structure tétraédrique avec quelques particules sphériques ; la taille moyenne des particules etait de 50 nm.La CMI des NPAg variait en fonction des souches. L’inhibition des deux souches de reference de M. tuberculosis et M. bovis et de la souche multirésistante de M. tuberculosis était obtenue avec des CMI de NPAg de 1 ?g/ml, 4 ?g/ml et16 ?g/ml, respectivement, tandis que les isolats cliniques de M. bovis et de M. tuberculosis étaient inhibés en présence de NPAg à des CMI comprises entre 4 et 32 ?g/ml et 1–16 ?g/ml, respectivement. L’efficacité chimiothérapeutique des NPAg contre Mycobacterium spp. a été démontrée in vitro. Ces nanoparticules peuvent donc servir à traiter la tuberculose non seulement chez l’homme mais également chez les animaux et contribuer ainsi aux stratégies de prévention et de lutte contre la tuberculose dans le monde.
Abdelfattah Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig; Samaa Taha; E.A. Nasr. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against field and reference strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis strains. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 2018, 37, 823 -830.
AMA StyleAbdelfattah Selim, Mahmoud Elhaig, Samaa Taha, E.A. Nasr. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against field and reference strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis strains. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE. 2018; 37 (3):823-830.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelfattah Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig; Samaa Taha; E.A. Nasr. 2018. "Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against field and reference strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis strains." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 37, no. 3: 823-830.
In Egypt, although the Trypanosoma evansi has been reported frequently among domestic animals, there is no published data on T. evansi in horses. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and characterization of T. evansi in three governorates by examining blood samples from 40 local camels, 35 imported camels, 25 horses and 10 donkeys by PCR targeting the sequences of TBR and RoTat 1.2VSG. The overall prevalence of T. evansi was 54.5% and 21.8% by TBR PCR and RoTat 1.2VSG PCR, respectively. The TBR PCR detected T. evansi in 60% and 71.4%, respectively, of local and imported camels and in 10% and 40% of donkeys and horses, respectively. For RoTat 1.2VSG PCR, T. evansi was detected in 32.5% and 31.4 of local and imported camels, respectively. All horses and donkeys were negative by RoTat 1.2VSG PCR. TBR PCR was superior to RoTat 1.2VSG PCR in T. evansi infection detection. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of the infection were observed on the basis of body condition and location. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, based on RoTat 1.2VSG, confirmed the presence of T. evansi, which was closely related to Egyptian and Indian isolates. In conclusion, TBR PCR is the best assay to monitor T. evansi infections in camels, horses, and donkeys. The presence of T. evansi in horses and donkeys possibly play a role in the transport of the infection to camels. This is the first report of T. evansi infection in horses in Egypt using TBR PCR.
Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Nahla H. Sallam. Molecular survey and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a Trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in Egypt. Microbial Pathogenesis 2018, 123, 201 -205.
AMA StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig, Nahla H. Sallam. Molecular survey and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a Trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in Egypt. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2018; 123 ():201-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig; Nahla H. Sallam. 2018. "Molecular survey and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a Trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in Egypt." Microbial Pathogenesis 123, no. : 201-205.
The present cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and potential risk factors associated with Bovine viral diarrhea virus disease in cattle and buffaloes in Egypt
Abdelfattah M. Selim; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Sherif A. Moawed; Ehab El-Nahas. Modeling the potential risk factors of bovine viral diarrhea prevalence in Egypt using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Veterinary World 2018, 11, 259 -267.
AMA StyleAbdelfattah M. Selim, Mahmoud M. Elhaig, Sherif A. Moawed, Ehab El-Nahas. Modeling the potential risk factors of bovine viral diarrhea prevalence in Egypt using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Veterinary World. 2018; 11 (3):259-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelfattah M. Selim; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Sherif A. Moawed; Ehab El-Nahas. 2018. "Modeling the potential risk factors of bovine viral diarrhea prevalence in Egypt using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses." Veterinary World 11, no. 3: 259-267.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an endemic infectious disease of cattle in Egypt. This survey aimed to define the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical LSD virus (LSDV) infection among cattle and investigate their contact with water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in order to improve the understanding of LSD epidemiology. Cattle and buffalo were examined owing to the appearance of skin lesions. Because clinical signs were consistent with LSDV infection, samples from cattle in a non-grazing dairy farm (n = 450) were submitted for LSDV testing together with those from the in-contact buffaloes (n = 100). Results revealed that the intra-herd percentage of cattle infected with LSDV varied with the detection method. This ranged from 22.4% to 65.4% by virus isolation (VI) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively, in clinical cattle samples, compared to 0% and 10% by VI and PCR in non-clinical cases. Using the neutralising index (NI), LSDV antibodies were found in 100% (n = 100) of the tested cow’s sera (NI = > 2.0 and ≥ 3.0), whereas buffalo’s sera (n = 34) displayed little increase in antibody level (NI ≥ 1.5). None of the buffalo were positive for LSDV by VI and PCR. In addition, there were no significant differences in LSD prevalence among the cattle with regard to age and sex. In conclusion, the occurrence of LSD in cattle warrants a further epidemiological study of the spread of the disease in the area and adoption of control and prevention strategies. In addition, the PCR assay was confirmed to be useful in the diagnosis of LSDV and for wider epidemiological studies.
Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Abdelfattah Selim; Mohamed Mahmoud. Lumpy skin disease in cattle: Frequency of occurrence in a dairy farm and a preliminary assessment of its possible impact on Egyptian buffaloes. ONDERSTEPOORT Journal of Veterinary Research 2017, 84, 1 .
AMA StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig, Abdelfattah Selim, Mohamed Mahmoud. Lumpy skin disease in cattle: Frequency of occurrence in a dairy farm and a preliminary assessment of its possible impact on Egyptian buffaloes. ONDERSTEPOORT Journal of Veterinary Research. 2017; 84 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig; Abdelfattah Selim; Mohamed Mahmoud. 2017. "Lumpy skin disease in cattle: Frequency of occurrence in a dairy farm and a preliminary assessment of its possible impact on Egyptian buffaloes." ONDERSTEPOORT Journal of Veterinary Research 84, no. 1: 1.
Clostridium perfringens is considered one of the important causes of calf diarrhea. Two hundred and twenty-seven clinical samples from newly born and dead diarrheic calves were examined bacteriologically and by PCR. Bacterial culture identified C. perfringens in 168 of 227 samples. A total of 144 of these isolates were lecithinase positive, indicating C. perfringens Type A. In addition, 154 isolates were positive by alpha toxin encoding gene-PCR assay. This study showed high agreement between the results of bacteriology and multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR typed all isolates that were typed as C. perfringens Type A through bacteriologic methods, but ten samples that were lecithinase negative were positive in the multiplex PCR. The study showed the highest occurrence of C. perfringens Type A isolations from calves during the winter and autumn compared with other seasons.
Abdelfattah Selim; M. M. Elhaig; I. Zakaria; A. Ali. Bacteriological and molecular studies of Clostridium perfringens infections in newly born calves. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2016, 49, 201 -205.
AMA StyleAbdelfattah Selim, M. M. Elhaig, I. Zakaria, A. Ali. Bacteriological and molecular studies of Clostridium perfringens infections in newly born calves. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2016; 49 (1):201-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelfattah Selim; M. M. Elhaig; I. Zakaria; A. Ali. 2016. "Bacteriological and molecular studies of Clostridium perfringens infections in newly born calves." Tropical Animal Health and Production 49, no. 1: 201-205.
Abdelfattah Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig; Jennifer Höche; Wolfgang Gaede. Molecular detection and analysis of Sheeppox and Orf viruses isolated from sheep from Qalubia, Egypt. Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift 2016, 129, 1 .
AMA StyleAbdelfattah Selim, Mahmoud Elhaig, Jennifer Höche, Wolfgang Gaede. Molecular detection and analysis of Sheeppox and Orf viruses isolated from sheep from Qalubia, Egypt. Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift. 2016; 129 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelfattah Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig; Jennifer Höche; Wolfgang Gaede. 2016. "Molecular detection and analysis of Sheeppox and Orf viruses isolated from sheep from Qalubia, Egypt." Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift 129, no. 7: 1.
Abdelfattah Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig. Q Fever in Domestic Small Ruminant. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2016, 11, 1 -8.
AMA StyleAbdelfattah Selim, Mahmoud Elhaig. Q Fever in Domestic Small Ruminant. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2016; 11 (1):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelfattah Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig. 2016. "Q Fever in Domestic Small Ruminant." Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11, no. 1: 1-8.
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of bovine viral diarrhea virus-1b (BVDV-1b), strain Egy/Ismailia/2014. The virus genome is composed of 12,217 nucleotides organized as one open reading frame encoding 3,898 amino acids. This report will assist efforts in diagnostics, studying molecular epidemiology, and control of BVDV in Egypt.
Mohamed A. Soltan; Rebecca P. Wilkes; Mohamed N. Elsheery; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Matthew C. Riley; Melissa A. Kennedy. Complete Genome Sequence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-1 Strain Egy/Ismailia/2014, Subtype 1b. Genome Announcements 2015, 3, e01518-15 .
AMA StyleMohamed A. Soltan, Rebecca P. Wilkes, Mohamed N. Elsheery, Mahmoud M. Elhaig, Matthew C. Riley, Melissa A. Kennedy. Complete Genome Sequence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-1 Strain Egy/Ismailia/2014, Subtype 1b. Genome Announcements. 2015; 3 (6):e01518-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed A. Soltan; Rebecca P. Wilkes; Mohamed N. Elsheery; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Matthew C. Riley; Melissa A. Kennedy. 2015. "Complete Genome Sequence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-1 Strain Egy/Ismailia/2014, Subtype 1b." Genome Announcements 3, no. 6: e01518-15.
Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most economically significant diseases in the bovine industry causing losses due to diarrhea, reproductive disorders, immunosuppression and mortalities. The aim of our investigation was to detect and subtype BVDV from calves on two dairy cattle and two buffalo farms in Ismailia province, Egypt as an indicator of BVDV infection status in the province. Methodology: A total of 298 blood samples were collected and tested using an optimized one-step, real-time multiplex Taqman-based RT-PCR. All the positive samples by the multiplex real-time RT-PCR were tested using conventional RT-PCR to amplify multiple areas of the genome for further phylogenetic analysis and subtyping. Results: Thirty one (10.4%) of the tested samples were positive for BVDV-1. Only three samples, all from a single dairy cattle farm, had enough viral RNA to be amplified by RT-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis revealed detection of BVDV-1b. The detected strain is closely related to worldwide BVDV-1b strains, making it difficult to trace its origin. Nucleotide and amino acid alignments of the E2 glycoprotein region of the detected strain with other BVDV-1b strains showed high divergence, with identity ranging from 81.3% to 93.6% and 85.3% to 93.6%, respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the circulation of BVDV-1b in Egyptian dairy cattle populations.
Mohamed Ahmed Soltan; Rebecca P Wilkes; Mohamed Nagy Elsheery; Mahmoud Elhaig; Matthhew C Riley; Melissa Kennedy. Circulation of bovine viral diarrhea virus – 1 (BVDV-1) in dairy cattle and buffalo farms in Ismailia Province, Egypt. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2015, 9, 1331 -1337.
AMA StyleMohamed Ahmed Soltan, Rebecca P Wilkes, Mohamed Nagy Elsheery, Mahmoud Elhaig, Matthhew C Riley, Melissa Kennedy. Circulation of bovine viral diarrhea virus – 1 (BVDV-1) in dairy cattle and buffalo farms in Ismailia Province, Egypt. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2015; 9 (12):1331-1337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Ahmed Soltan; Rebecca P Wilkes; Mohamed Nagy Elsheery; Mahmoud Elhaig; Matthhew C Riley; Melissa Kennedy. 2015. "Circulation of bovine viral diarrhea virus – 1 (BVDV-1) in dairy cattle and buffalo farms in Ismailia Province, Egypt." The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 12: 1331-1337.
Abortion among dairy cattle is one of the major causes of economic losses in the livestock industry. This study describes a 1-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Brucella spp., Leptospira spp. and Campylobacter foetus, these are significant bacteria commonly implicated in bovine abortion. ß-actin was added to the same PCR reaction as an internal control to detect any extraction failure or PCR inhibition. The detection limit of multiplex real-time PCR using purified DNA from cultured organisms was set to 5 fg for Leptospira spp. and C. foetus and to 50 fg for Brucella spp. The multiplex real-time PCR did not produce any non-specific amplification when tested with different strains of the 3 pathogens. This multiplex real-time PCR provides a valuable tool for diagnosis, simultaneous and rapid detection for the 3 pathogens causing abortion in bovine.
Abdelfattah M. Selim; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Wolfgang Gaede. Development of multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of Brucella spp., Leptospira spp. and Campylobacter foetus. Vet. Ital. 2014, 50, 269 -275.
AMA StyleAbdelfattah M. Selim, Mahmoud M. Elhaig, Wolfgang Gaede. Development of multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of Brucella spp., Leptospira spp. and Campylobacter foetus. Vet. Ital.. 2014; 50 (50(4)):269-275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelfattah M. Selim; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Wolfgang Gaede. 2014. "Development of multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of Brucella spp., Leptospira spp. and Campylobacter foetus." Vet. Ital. 50, no. 50(4): 269-275.
A study was carried out to establish the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in smallholder dairy farms in Ismailia, Egypt. A total of 340 milking cows and buffaloes were sampled from 60 farms, and 50 nasal swabs were collected from consenting farm workers. Milk samples were subjected to California mastitis test (CMT) and the positive samples were examined by bacterial culture and PCR to identify etiological agents. Based on CMT, the prevalence of SCM was 71.6 % in cattle and 43.5 % in buffaloes while the prevalence was 25.2 % at cow-quarter level and 21.7 % at buffaloes-quarter level. Bacteriological analysis showed that the most frequently identified bacteria were Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (38.3 %) and Streptococcus (Str.) agalactiae (20 %). The diagnostic sensitivity of PCR compared to bacterial culture was superior with S. aureus and Str. agalactiae detection being 41 and 22.6 %, respectively. Furthermore, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains occurred in 52.2 and 45 % of isolates of animals and workers, respectively. Subclinical mastitis due to S. aureus and Str. agalactiae is endemic in smallholder dairy herds in Ismailia. The occurrence of MRSA in animals and workers highlights a need for wide epidemiological studies of MRSA and adopting control strategies.
Mahmoud Mohey Elhaig; Abdelfattah Selim. Molecular and bacteriological investigation of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in domestic bovids from Ismailia, Egypt. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2014, 47, 271 -276.
AMA StyleMahmoud Mohey Elhaig, Abdelfattah Selim. Molecular and bacteriological investigation of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in domestic bovids from Ismailia, Egypt. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2014; 47 (2):271-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud Mohey Elhaig; Abdelfattah Selim. 2014. "Molecular and bacteriological investigation of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in domestic bovids from Ismailia, Egypt." Tropical Animal Health and Production 47, no. 2: 271-276.
An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affecting cattle and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) occurred in Egypt during 2012/2013. The present study was undertaken to determine the current strains of the FMD virus (FMDV) and the prevalence of FMD among cattle and buffalo in Gharbia, Egypt. The diagnostic sensitivity of two RT-PCR assays for the detection of FMDV was evaluated. The results revealed that SAT2 was the causative agent. The percentage of infected of animals varied with the detection method, ranging from 62.5 % by the untranslated region (UTR) RT-PCR to 75.6 % by SAT2 RT-PCR. The overall prevalence and mortality rates were 100 and 21 %, respectively. The mortality was higher in buffalo (23.3 %) than it was in cattle (17 %). A partial sequence of SAT2 was identical (90-100 %) to Egyptian isolates and was close in similarity to sequences from Sudan and Libya. In conclusion, FMD in Egypt is caused by SAT2. No other serotypes were detected. The results of this study provided the valuable data regarding the epidemiology of SAT2 in cattle and water buffalo from Egypt, which strengthens the need to change the strategies of both control and prevention that help to prevent the spread of the disease.
Mahmoud Mohey Elhaig; Mohamed Nagi Elsheery. Molecular investigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in domestic bovids from Gharbia, Egypt. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2014, 46, 1455 -1462.
AMA StyleMahmoud Mohey Elhaig, Mohamed Nagi Elsheery. Molecular investigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in domestic bovids from Gharbia, Egypt. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2014; 46 (8):1455-1462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud Mohey Elhaig; Mohamed Nagi Elsheery. 2014. "Molecular investigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in domestic bovids from Gharbia, Egypt." Tropical Animal Health and Production 46, no. 8: 1455-1462.
Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is an endemic disease of camels and other domestic animals in Egypt. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical T. evansi infection among camels in Ismailia, Egypt, as well as survey their owners for T. evansi infection. The diagnostic sensitivity of three different PCR assays for detection of T. evansi in blood samples was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 100 camels and 20 of their owners in the Ismailia governorate. Results revealed that the percentage of infected of camels with T. evansi vary with the detection method, ranging from 10% to 46% by PCR compared to 12% by microscopic examination of stained blood smears. Targeting the highly repeated sequence of mini-chromosome satellite DNA (TBR1/2 primer set) was more often seen in the PCR method (46% positive) compared to targeting ITS 1 (16% positive) or RoTat 1.2 VSG (10% positive) sequences. A partial sequence of RoTat 1.2 VSG gene was identical to the T. evansi sequences reported from India and Kenya, but varied similarity was seen when aligned with Egyptian T. evansi sequences. None of the camel owners were positive for T. evansi by microscopic examination of stained blood smears or PCR assays. PCR assay based on TBR sets is useful in the diagnosis and control disease and reducing economic losses.
Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Ahmed I. Youssef; Amal K. El-Gayar. Molecular and parasitological detection of Trypanosoma evansi in Camels in Ismailia, Egypt. Veterinary Parasitology 2013, 198, 214 -218.
AMA StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig, Ahmed I. Youssef, Amal K. El-Gayar. Molecular and parasitological detection of Trypanosoma evansi in Camels in Ismailia, Egypt. Veterinary Parasitology. 2013; 198 (1-2):214-218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud M. Elhaig; Ahmed I. Youssef; Amal K. El-Gayar. 2013. "Molecular and parasitological detection of Trypanosoma evansi in Camels in Ismailia, Egypt." Veterinary Parasitology 198, no. 1-2: 214-218.
This study aimed to direct detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in milk by evaluating a multiplex real-time PCR assay targeting IS900 and ISMAV2 sequences including the amplification of PUC19-plasmid as internal control. The sensitivity of the assays was evaluated by testing MAP isolates in broad linear range of DNA (50 ng - 5 fg/?l). For the validation of the specificity, 6 MAP isolates and 22 isolates of genus Mycobacteriacea were tested. Results revealed that reproducible detection limit for real-time PCR targeting IS900 and ISMAV2 was 5 fg/?l and 50 fg/?l respectively. By targeting ISMAV2 sequence, 100% specificity was detected. However, a cross reaction with 5 ng/?l of genome of 3 M. avian subspecies avium strains was detected by targeting IS900 and negative in lower genome quantity (5pg/?l). To maximize the assay?s detection sensitivity, an efficient strategy for MAP-DNA extraction from spiked milk was assessed. Targeting of IS900 was sensitive and targeting ISMAV2 was very specific. Therefore, a multiplex real-time PCR assay targeting IS900 and ISMAV2 in combination with two commercial DNA extraction kits could be an ideal sensitive and specific protocol for routine large scale analysis of milk samples and other clinical specimens from man and animals.
A. Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig; Elsayed Galila. Direct detection of Mycobacterium avium SUBSP. paratuberculosis in bovine milk by multiplex real-time PCR. Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 2013, 29, 513 -525.
AMA StyleA. Selim, Mahmoud Elhaig, Elsayed Galila. Direct detection of Mycobacterium avium SUBSP. paratuberculosis in bovine milk by multiplex real-time PCR. Biotehnologija u stocarstvu. 2013; 29 (3):513-525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Selim; Mahmoud Elhaig; Elsayed Galila. 2013. "Direct detection of Mycobacterium avium SUBSP. paratuberculosis in bovine milk by multiplex real-time PCR." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 3: 513-525.