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Background and Aim: Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes is an often fatal disease of sheep of all ages, with a substantial economic loss to the sheep industry. This study was conducted to isolate C. perfringens from suspected cases of enterotoxemia in sheep in the central part of the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia, and to determine the prevalent toxinotype by detecting alpha (cpA), beta (cpB), and epsilon (etX) toxin genes, which might help control this disease locally. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 rectal swabs and intestinal content samples were collected from diseased and animals suspected of having died of enterotoxemia in early 2020. Samples were subjected to bacteriological examination, biochemical analysis of isolates by VITEK 2, and molecular toxinotyping of isolates by LightCycler® real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Our results revealed that only 14 isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 as being C. perfringens, with excellent identification (probability of 95% and 97%). According to the toxinotyping of isolates by RT-PCR, all 14 isolates possessed both the cpA and etX toxin genes, while the cpB toxin gene was not detected in any of the isolates. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that C. perfringens type D was the only toxinotype found in the central part of the Qassim Region in 2020; moreover, according to the culture method, only 15% (14/93) of the suspected cases of enterotoxemia were confirmed to be caused by C. perfringens infection, which highlighted the importance of clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis of enterotoxemia in sheep.
Fehaid Alsaab; Ali Wahdan; Elhassan M. A. Saeed. Phenotypic detection and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens associated with enterotoxemia in sheep in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Veterinary World 2021, 14, 578 -584.
AMA StyleFehaid Alsaab, Ali Wahdan, Elhassan M. A. Saeed. Phenotypic detection and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens associated with enterotoxemia in sheep in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Veterinary World. 2021; 14 (3):578-584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFehaid Alsaab; Ali Wahdan; Elhassan M. A. Saeed. 2021. "Phenotypic detection and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens associated with enterotoxemia in sheep in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia." Veterinary World 14, no. 3: 578-584.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiogram of Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P.aeruginosa), and the distribution of virulence genes (oprL,exoS, phzM, and toxA) and the antibiotic-resistance genes (blaTEM, tetA, and blaCTX-M). A total of 285 fish (165 Oreochromisniloticus and 120 Clariasgariepinus) were collected randomly from private fish farms in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The collected specimens were examined bacteriologically. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 90 examined fish (31.57%), and the liver was the most prominent infected organ. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was determined using a disc diffusion method, where the tested strains exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR) to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, and gentamicin. The PCR results revealed that all the examined strains harbored (oprL and toxA) virulence genes, while only 22.2% were positive for the phzM gene. On the contrary, none of the tested strains were positive for the exoS gene. Concerning the distribution of the antibiotic resistance genes, the examined strains harbored blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA genes with a total prevalence of 83.3%, 77.7%, and 75.6%, respectively. Experimentally infected fish with P.aeruginosa displayed high mortalities in direct proportion to the encoded virulence genes and showed similar signs of septicemia found in the naturally infected one. In conclusion, P.aeruginosa is a major pathogen of O.niloticus and C.gariepinus.oprL and toxA genes are the most predominant virulence genes associated with P.aeruginosa infection. The blaCTX-M,blaTEM, and tetA genes are the main antibiotic-resistance genes that induce resistance patterns to cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and tetracycline, highlighting MDR P.aeruginosa strains of potential public health concern.
Abdelazeem M. Algammal; Mahmoud Mabrok; Elayaraja Sivaramasamy; Fatma M. Youssef; Mona H. Atwa; Ali W. El-Kholy; Helal F. Hetta; Wael N. Hozzein. Emerging MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fish commonly harbor oprL and toxA virulence genes and blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA antibiotic-resistance genes. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -12.
AMA StyleAbdelazeem M. Algammal, Mahmoud Mabrok, Elayaraja Sivaramasamy, Fatma M. Youssef, Mona H. Atwa, Ali W. El-Kholy, Helal F. Hetta, Wael N. Hozzein. Emerging MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fish commonly harbor oprL and toxA virulence genes and blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA antibiotic-resistance genes. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelazeem M. Algammal; Mahmoud Mabrok; Elayaraja Sivaramasamy; Fatma M. Youssef; Mona H. Atwa; Ali W. El-Kholy; Helal F. Hetta; Wael N. Hozzein. 2020. "Emerging MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fish commonly harbor oprL and toxA virulence genes and blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA antibiotic-resistance genes." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-12.
Bovine tuberculosis is a devastating illness in cattle and it has the ability to transmit causing severe troubles in human. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in human indeed becomes increasingly critical especially in developing countries. Early diagnosis is very important to control and limit its spreading. The aim of this study is to examine the genetic differentiation and possibilities of transmission between cattle and human. Lymph node and sputum samples were collected from cattle and patients showing tuberculin test positive; respectively for phenotypic identification and for molecular examination by detection of IS6110 and oxyR genes which are specific for MTC and M.bovis; respectively. The phenotypic identification of sputum samples showed 80% positive by both stain and culture, while, lymph nodes revealed 66% and 84% positive by stain and culture method; respectively. Alignment of oxyR gene sequences of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis was used as a feature for differentiation between the 2 genes in these two genetically closely similar microorganisms showed 99% identities between the 2 genes. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of Mpb70 gene sequences from animal and human origin showed very high relatedness (99.32%) to each other confirming that the zoonotic transmission is most probably occurred.
Ali Wahdan; Emad Mokhtar Riad; Shymaa Enany. Genetic differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from cattle and human sources in, Egypt (Suez Canal area). Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2020, 73, 101553 .
AMA StyleAli Wahdan, Emad Mokhtar Riad, Shymaa Enany. Genetic differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from cattle and human sources in, Egypt (Suez Canal area). Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2020; 73 ():101553.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Wahdan; Emad Mokhtar Riad; Shymaa Enany. 2020. "Genetic differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from cattle and human sources in, Egypt (Suez Canal area)." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 73, no. : 101553.
Calf diarrhea is one of the considerable infectious diseases in calves, which results in tremendous economic losses globally. To determine the prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) incriminated in calf diarrhea, with special reference to Shiga- toxins genes (stx1 and stx2) and enterotoxins genes (lt and sta) that govern their pathogenesis, as well as the virulence genes; eaeA (intimin) and f41(fimbrial adhesion), and the screening of their antibiogram and antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM, a total of 274 fecal samples were collected (April 2018–Feb 2019) from diarrheic calves at different farms in El-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The bacteriological examination revealed that the prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves was 28.8%. The serotyping of the isolated E. coli revealed 7 serogroups; O26, O128, O111, O125, O45, O119 and O91. Furthermore, the Congo red binding test was carried out, where 89.8% of the examined strains (n = 71) were positive. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was investigated; the majority of E. coli serotypes exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) to four antimicrobial agents; neomycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the prevalence of the virulence genes; stx1, stx2 lt, sta, f41 and eaeA, as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM. The prevalence of STEC was 20.2% (n = 16), while the prevalence of ETEC was 30.4% (n = 24). Briefly, the Shiga toxins genes; stx1 and stx2, are the most prevalent virulence genes associated with STEC, which are responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease and helped by the intimin gene (eaeA). In addition, the lt gene is the most prevalent enterotoxin gene accompanied by the ETEC strains, either alone or in combination with sta and/or f41 genes. The majority of pathogenic E. coli incriminated in calf diarrhea possesses the aadB resistance gene, followed by the sul1 gene. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ampicillin-sulbactam, are the most effective antimicrobial agents against the isolated STEC and ETEC strains.
Abdelazeem M. Algammal; Ali W. El-Kholy; Emad M. Riad; Hossam E. Mohamed; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Sulaiman A. Al Yousef; Wael N. Hozzein; Madeha O. I. Ghobashy. Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-Toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves. Toxins 2020, 12, 383 .
AMA StyleAbdelazeem M. Algammal, Ali W. El-Kholy, Emad M. Riad, Hossam E. Mohamed, Mahmoud M. Elhaig, Sulaiman A. Al Yousef, Wael N. Hozzein, Madeha O. I. Ghobashy. Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-Toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves. Toxins. 2020; 12 (6):383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelazeem M. Algammal; Ali W. El-Kholy; Emad M. Riad; Hossam E. Mohamed; Mahmoud M. Elhaig; Sulaiman A. Al Yousef; Wael N. Hozzein; Madeha O. I. Ghobashy. 2020. "Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-Toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves." Toxins 12, no. 6: 383.
Ali Wahdan; Amr Fadel; Mahmoud Mabrok. New Insights into the Effect of Origanum Extracts on the Gene Expression Profiles of Multidrug-resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Retrieved from Oreochromis niloticus. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2020, 20, 1 .
AMA StyleAli Wahdan, Amr Fadel, Mahmoud Mabrok. New Insights into the Effect of Origanum Extracts on the Gene Expression Profiles of Multidrug-resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Retrieved from Oreochromis niloticus. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2020; 20 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Wahdan; Amr Fadel; Mahmoud Mabrok. 2020. "New Insights into the Effect of Origanum Extracts on the Gene Expression Profiles of Multidrug-resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Retrieved from Oreochromis niloticus." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 20, no. 7: 1.
This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic Lacto Forte on growth performance, haemato‐immunological responses, plasma bactericidal capacity, histological profiles and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to Pseudomonas fluorescens. The experimental fish were divided into three groups; two of them (T1 and T2) were given Lacto Forte incorporated diets at increasing level (0.7 and 1.5 g/kg, respectively) and an additive‐free basal diet served as the control (T0) for 30 and 45 days. At the end of the feeding trial, a challenge was performed using a virulent strain of P. fluorescens and mortalities were recorded over an additional 14‐days period. The results showed that Lacto Forte has a pronounced effect on haematological and growth performance parameters at 1.5 g/kg rather than 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). Plasma lysozyme, proteases, antiproteases and bactericidal capacity were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) in Lacto Forte‐treated groups, particularly after 45 days of supplementation. Long‐term supplementation with Lacto Forte (1.5 g/kg) induced degenerative changes in the liver, spleen and intestine. Additionally, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in survival rates were found in Lacto Forte‐treated groups compared to the control one 14 days post‐challenge. As a result, Lacto Forte fortifies tilapia immune response and can be used as a surrogate for antibiotics to control P. fluorescens.
Mona M. Ismail; Ali Wahdan; S. Yusuf Mohamed; Elsayed Metwally; Mahmoud Mabrok. Effect of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic (Lacto Forte) on growth performance, haematological and histological profiles, the innate immune response and resistance to bacterial disease in Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Research 2019, 50, 2545 -2562.
AMA StyleMona M. Ismail, Ali Wahdan, S. Yusuf Mohamed, Elsayed Metwally, Mahmoud Mabrok. Effect of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic (Lacto Forte) on growth performance, haematological and histological profiles, the innate immune response and resistance to bacterial disease in Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Research. 2019; 50 (9):2545-2562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMona M. Ismail; Ali Wahdan; S. Yusuf Mohamed; Elsayed Metwally; Mahmoud Mabrok. 2019. "Effect of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic (Lacto Forte) on growth performance, haematological and histological profiles, the innate immune response and resistance to bacterial disease in Oreochromis niloticus." Aquaculture Research 50, no. 9: 2545-2562.
The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and efficiency of techniques for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Gamma interferon assay (IFN-γ) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in comparison to skin tuberculin test and culture technique. A total of 2600 cross-breed dairy cattle in Menoufia and Daqahlia governorates were tested by the single intradermal tuberculin test where the disease prevalence was 1.8%. Serum and whole blood samples were collected from positive tuberculin reactors for ELISA and IFN-γ assay, respectively. After slaughtering of positive tuberculin reactors, the post-mortem examination was carried out and tissue samples were collected for the bacteriological examination and PCR. The percentage of visible lesions of tuberculin reactors was 78.7%, while non-visible lesions were 21.27%. Culture technique revealed that the percentage of bTB was 63.8%. The ELISA and IFN-γ assay using short-term culture filtrate (ST-CF) prepared antigen revealed higher sensitivity (72.3% and 82.9%) than the bovine purified protein derivative (PPD-B) antigen. Although prepared ST-CF antigen has great efficiency and eligibility for the diagnosis of bTB, PCR appeared to have a higher sensitivity (85.1%) than other diagnostic methods when dealing with post-mortem samples. Gamma interferon assay using ST-CF antigen is recommended for antemortem diagnosis of bTB in cattle.
Abdelazeem Algammal; Ali Wahdan; Mahmoud M. Elhaig. Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Microbial Pathogenesis 2019, 134, 103574 .
AMA StyleAbdelazeem Algammal, Ali Wahdan, Mahmoud M. Elhaig. Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2019; 134 ():103574.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelazeem Algammal; Ali Wahdan; Mahmoud M. Elhaig. 2019. "Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle." Microbial Pathogenesis 134, no. : 103574.
| Shiga toxin producing E. coli is represented as one of the main source of foodborne infectious disease distributed all over the world. This area of study not fully explained before at Ismailia governorate. So this study aimed to make genetic survey of all isolated E. coli strains with attention to shiga toxins isolated from different sections of poultry slaughterhouses and workers at Ismailia governorate. One hundred and fifty swab samples were collected from baskets, workers hands, machines, processing tools and food contact surfaces and subjected to bacteriological examination. Ten samples were positive for E. coli with a percentage 6.6%. Different serogroups of E.coli isolated from poultry slaughterhouses were O63:H7 (2), O125:H5, O63:H5, O119:H6, O125:H2, O112ac:H2, O136:H2, O127:H2, O1:H2. Nine E.coli strains were subjected to PCR for genetic detection of Shiga-like toxins genes (stx 1 and stx 2), attaching and effacing (eae A) and enterohaemolysin gene (hly) gene in isolates. 5 E.coli isolates showed positivity for the stx1 gene (55.5%), 2 isolates for stx2 gene (22.2%) and 4 isolates for eaeA gene (44.4%). While, all isolates showed negativity for hly gene. In conclusion, genotypic survey proved the presence of shiga toxins producing E. coli and other virulence E.coli strains at examined slaughterhouses.
Mahmoud Ezzat; Ali Wahdan; Fatma Yousef; Manal Munier. Genetic Variation of E. coli Strains Isolated from Poultry Slaughterhouses at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2018, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleMahmoud Ezzat, Ali Wahdan, Fatma Yousef, Manal Munier. Genetic Variation of E. coli Strains Isolated from Poultry Slaughterhouses at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2018; 6 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud Ezzat; Ali Wahdan; Fatma Yousef; Manal Munier. 2018. "Genetic Variation of E. coli Strains Isolated from Poultry Slaughterhouses at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 12: 1.
The current study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Origanum essential oil on innate immune parameters as well as the hematological profiles of Tilapia zillii following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum. Fifty-four of Tilapia zillii weighing 180 ± 10.2 g were randomly distributed into three identical closed recirculating seawater systems. The study included three groups (G1, G2, and G3) repeated in triplicates. Fish of the first two groups were fed on a basal diet without herbs, whereas fish of the last group were fed on a basal diet supplemented with Origanum essential oil at concentration 1 g kg−1 for 15 days. Subsequently, fish of G2 and G3 subjected to a peritoneal inflammation by intraperitoneally injecting V. anguillarum (5.5 × 105 CFU mL−1), whereas fish of G1 injected with saline and served as control. Fish of all groups were then sampled at 4, 12, and 24 h post injection. No mortalities were observed in both basal and Origanum fed groups. However, some specimens of fish fed basal diet showed dorsal fin erosions, eroded mouth, and detached skin. Although the kinetics of RBCs, WBCs, Hb, and differential leukocyte values remained unchanged in fish fed different diets at the beginning of the trial, significant increases in those values were observed in fish fed Origanum essential oil at 12 and 24 h post injection. Similarly, an augmentation of plasma proteases, antiproteases, and lysozyme activities were recorded in fish fed Origanum essential oil at the same particular sampling points. A significant enhancement in plasma bactericidal capacity was only recorded in fish fed Origanum essential oil at 12 and 24 h post challenge compared to those fed basal diet. In conclusion, Origanum essential oil had a pronounced influence on the innate immunity and increased the fish resistance to V. anguillarum. These data gave insight into the potential use of Origanum in prophylactic strategies against threatening pathogens.
Mahmoud Abd Elaziz Mabrok; Ali Wahdan. The immune modulatory effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil on Tilapia zillii following intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio anguillarum. Aquaculture International 2018, 26, 1147 -1160.
AMA StyleMahmoud Abd Elaziz Mabrok, Ali Wahdan. The immune modulatory effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil on Tilapia zillii following intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio anguillarum. Aquaculture International. 2018; 26 (4):1147-1160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud Abd Elaziz Mabrok; Ali Wahdan. 2018. "The immune modulatory effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil on Tilapia zillii following intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio anguillarum." Aquaculture International 26, no. 4: 1147-1160.