The modern distribution networks under the smart grid paradigm have been considered both interconnected and reliable. In grid modernization concepts, the optimal asset optimization across a certain planning horizon is of core importance. Modern planning problems are more inclined towards a feasible solution amongst conflicting criteria. In this paper, an integrated decision-making planning (IDMP) approach is proposed. The proposed methodology includes voltage stability assessment indices linked with loss minimization condition-based approach, and is integrated with different multi-criteria decision-making methodologies (MCDM), followed by unanimous decision making (UDM). The proposed IDMP approach aims at optimal assets sitting and sizing in a meshed distribution network to find a trade-off solution with various asset types across normal and load growth horizons. An initial evaluation is carried out with assets such as distributed generation (DG), photovoltaic (PV)-based renewable DG, and distributed static compensator (D-STATCOM) units. The solutions for various cases of asset optimization and respective alternatives focusing on technical only, economic only, and techno-economic objectives across the planning horizon have been evaluated. Later, various prominent MCDM methodologies are applied to find a trade-off solution across different cases and scenarios of assets optimization. Finally, UDM is applied to find trade-off solutions amongst various MCDM methodologies across normal and load growth levels. The proposed approach is carried out across a 33-bus meshed configured distribution network. Findings from the proposed IDMP approach are compared with available works reported in the literature. The numerical results achieved have validated the effectiveness of the proposed planning approach in terms of better performance and an effective trade-off solution across various asset types.

The main focus of the paper is to address an e-health acquisition, transmission and monitoring system. Patient health parameters are monitored by wireless sensor network and communicated to the far end through Zigbee interface. Data received at far end is monitored by MATLAB. If the parameters are abnormal it configures the GSM module to send SMS on doctor mobile phone. System implemented in this paper is made for such patients who are not in the critical state but they need to be monitored continuously. When the critical condition occurs, system will originate an alarming message and send it to the doctor. It is fast, less costly and monitors patient remotely from their homes.

Modern distribution mechanisms within the smart grid paradigm are considered both reliable in nature and interconnected in topology. In this paper, a multiple-criteria-based sustainable planning (MCSP) approach is presented that serves as a future planning tool for interconnected distribution mechanisms and aims to find a feasible solution among conflicting criteria of various genres. The proposed methodology is based on three stages. In the stage 1, a weighted voltage stability index (VSI_W) and loss minimization condition (LMC) based approach aims at optimal asset optimization (sitting and sizing). In this stage, an evaluation of alternatives (solutions) is carried out across four dimensions (technical, economic, environmental, and social) of performance metrics. The assets considered in the evaluations include distributed generation (DG), renewable DGs, i.e., photovoltaic (PV), wind, and distributed static compensator (D-STATCOM) units. In the stage 2, various multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies are applied to ascertain the best trade-off among the available solutions in terms of techno-cost (economic) (TCPE), environment-o-social (ESPE), and techno-economic-environmental-socio (TEES) performance evaluations (OPE). In the stage 3, the alternatives are evaluated across multiple load growth horizons of 5 years each. The proposed MCSP approach is evaluated across a mesh-configured 33-bus active distribution network (ADN) and an actual NUST (which is a university in Islamabad, Pakistan) microgrid (MG), with various variants of load growth. The numerical findings of the proposed MCSP approach are compared with reported works the literature supports its validity and can serve as an important planning tool for interconnected distribution mechanisms for researchers and planning engineers.

This paper proposes a design for the improvement in the efficiency of Quaid-e-Azam solar power plant using a robust cleaning system based on regional challenges and available resources. The deposition of sand on the panels impact the overall output and solutions have been prepared in many designs. With the environmental constraints and regional prospects, the right choice of such solution is essential given the economic and social viability in a developing country. The proposed design recycles the water that is used, under temperature conditions and dust type. The 100MW system has been assessed on techno-economic feasibility for the statistical difference of economic benefits of the solution using the proposed design. Bahawalpur region is a desert environment which has an adverse effect on the solar power plant due to dust deposition and utilizes a lot of water for cleaning purpose. Moreover, the design is also proposed keeping in view the water scarcity of the region thereby saving water to a significant extent and providing sustainability.

This paper proposes a comparative study of radial and interconnected distribution network (DN) to enhance system reliability, security and voltage profile under smart grid paradigm. The main contribution of the paper is the analysis and evaluation of constant power based actual power network of National University of Science and Technology (NUST) for the comparison of radial and interconnected network. It emphasizes on the voltage stability under these systems of distribution networks. Furthermore, weak node identification has also been carried out for DG placement in radial and interconnected network through voltage stability indexes. The comparison of radial and interconnected DN with distributed generator (DG) placement is also analyzed while considering the proper DG sizing approach. This can further enhance the concept of microgrid for radial and interconnected systems. The performance analysis validates the efficiency of proposed network by improving voltage profile.