Wild migratory birds are often implicated in the introduction, maintenance, and global dissemination of different pathogens, such as influenza A viruses (IAV) and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. Trapping of migratory birds during their resting periods at the northern coast of Egypt is a common and ancient practice performed mainly for selling in live bird markets (LBM). In the present study, samples were collected from 148 wild birds, representing 14 species, which were being offered for sale in LBM. All birds were tested for the presence of AIV and enterobacteriaceae. Ten samples collected from Northern Shoveler birds (Spatula clypeata) were positive for IAV and PCR sub-typing and pan HA/NA sequencing assays detected H5N8, H9N2, and H6N2 viruses in four, four, and one birds, respectively. Sequencing of the full haemagglutinin (HA) gene revealed a high similarity with currently circulating IAV in Egypt. From all the birds, E. coli was recovered from 37.2% and Salmonella from 20.2%, with 66–96% and 23–43% isolates being resistant to at least one of seven selected critically important antimicrobials (CIA), respectively. The presence of enzootic IAV and the wide prevalence of AMR enterobacteriaceae in wild birds highlight the potential role of LBM in the spread of different pathogens from and to wild birds. Continued surveillance of both AIV and antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae in wild birds’ habitats is urgently needed.

A total of 100 diseased broiler chickens of average age 22-28 days old were collected from different farms located in Dakahlia Governorate. All samples were subjected to clinical and postmortem (P.M) examination as well as bacteriological examination for detection of infection. Thus, E. coli was recovered from examined organs of 37 chickens with an incidence rate of 37 % (37 out of 100). Accuratly, 10 E. coli serogroupes were identified in 28 positive samples and the most predominant serogroup were O125 16%, O91 14%, O1 11%, O26 K60 11% & O86 K64 8 & O128 5% & O55 K59 3% & O166 3% & O103 3% and O144 3% and untypable E. coli (24 %). Studying antibiogram resistance pattern of E. coli isolates revealed that all isolates demonstrated multidrug resistence pattern. The highest resistance rates were recorded against Lincomycin (100%) and lowest are Colistin (7.14%) and other tested antibiotics showed variations regarding their resistance patterns. The most predominant serotypes of this study have the ability to form biofilm on the inner wall of the glass. PCR was done for detection of resistant genes (blaTEM and tetA(A)) and virulence genes (csgD, adrA, eaeA and fimH) in the 10 tested isolated serotypes and the results revelead that, 100% and 90% &100%, 90%, 90% and 100% were positive for resistant genes and virulence genes, respectively and investigate the relationship between them was discovered. By studying the effect of Olive Leaf Extract on multidrug resistant isolates, results were revealed that all tested serotypes are sensitive to Olive Leaf Extract (10% conc.).