In Ghana over 70% of people who are employed in the agricultural sector are smallholder farmers' living in less developed communities engaging in rudimentary agriculture. Climate change poses a serious threat to smallholder farmers which impacts on their income, food security and wellbeing. Climate information could be a vital resort for smallholder farmers' adoption of climate smart adaptation strategies in order to better manage climate risk. This study is aimed at investigating factors that influence smallholder farmers' joint decision to access climate information as well as adopt climate smart adaptation practices in the Northern Region. Data used was collected from a cross-sectional survey of 475 smallholder farmers'. The joint decision of smallholder farmers to access climate information and also adopt climate smart adaptation practices was analysed by using bivariate probit regression model. The econometric estimates reveal that age, household size, farm income, access to agricultural extension services and assets are the key drivers of smallholder farmers joint decision to access climate information and adopt climate smart adaption practices. Government, district assemblies and non governmental organisations supporting smallholder farmers’ adoption of climate smart adaptation strategies in order to overcome climate risk should also assist in the accessibility of climate information since they complement one another. Smallholder farmers literacy and knowledge level should be increased through non-formal and informal educational programmes, and extension education using the farmer-field schools method.

Purpose: Consumers are giving greater attention to the selection of food due to the improvement in income and urbanization. Meanwhile, in recent years, the vegetables' farmers in Malaysia have been reported using an excessive quantity of pesticides. The vegetables exported to Singapore and China have been rejected in 2018 and 2017 due to the presence of excessive levels of pesticides. Such incidences have created massive concern to improve the safety standard of the vegetable industry. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate consumers' willingness to pay for food safety attributes of tomato.Design/methodology/approach: Discrete choice experiments has been used, and 490 respondents have completed the survey.Findings: Results suggested that consumers were willing to pay RM4.18 more for wholesome tomato relative to slightly damage tomato. Consumers also were willing to pay RM2.75 more for organic tomato relative to inorganic tomato. They were also willing to pay RM2.30 and RM1.29 more for certified and tomato sold at supermarket relative to uncertified and tomato sold at the wet market, respectively. The willingness to pay for safety attributes of tomato also varied according to the income, age and education level of the consumers.Research limitations/implications: If the farmers can respond effectively to the changes in consumers demand, it can be translated into business opportunities.Originality/value: This research able to provide relevant information related to the consumers' willingness to pay for food safety attributes of tomato in Malaysia.

To achieve urban sustainability, growing vegetables at home is a practical necessity. Understanding why people are hesitant to participate in urban vegetable growing is vital to reviving this practice. An in-person survey was conducted among 244 people who do not garden at home in Sri Lanka’s Colombo district to determine their perception of not gardening. Analysis was performed with exploratory factor analysis followed by binary logistic regression. According to the study, unrealized benefits and knowledge and experience challenges cause demotivation. The respondents had favorable attitudes toward urban agriculture; their interests appear to be aligned with urban agriculture and motivation should be able to entice them. The most viable way to attract them and ensure that they reap the economic and social benefits of urban home gardening appears to be to provide knowledge and hands-on experience. Younger people, private sector workers, and single homeowners are specific population segments that can be targeted for this motivation effort. The analysis further revealed that agriculture demonstrations in an urban setting inspire non-growers to practice urban agriculture.

Global climate change puts pressure on agricultural systems, which in turn exacerbate global warming. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) aims to address the dual challenges by enhancing productivity, resilience, and mitigation. However, existing research remains largely isolated within either natural or social sciences, limiting its potential to address complex agricultural issues. This review bridges the gap with a bibliometric analysis of 997 Web of Science documents (2013–2023) using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. It aims to reveal cross-disciplinary challenges and opportunities by analyzing keywords clusters and citation bursts, based on publication trends, categories, journals, authors, affiliations, and geographic distributions. The findings include: (1) From horizontal keywords clusters: CSA adoption in Southern Africa cluster is hindered by multiple barriers, while inclusive and collaborative approach offers opportunities. No-tillage cluster faces inconsistent yield impacts. Climate adaptation struggles with resource, governance, and continuity challenges while pro-poor economic integration offers opportunities. Greenhouse gas cluster presents contradictory findings with opportunities through studying in mechanisms driving GHG fluxes, and the challenges and opportunities in heat stress cluster are in balancing temperature extremes. (2) From temporal keywords citation bursts: early research focus on policy integration and agricultural system dynamics with challenges in cost-benefit uncertainties and policy scalability, while later on, incorporating women into CSA design provides key opportunities for inclusive development. In the latest stage, methane emissions from paddy fields have become a major issue. These insights lay a foundation for addressing the intertwined challenges of climate change and agricultural sustainability. Graphical abstract

Dairy cattle farming is crucial for Indonesia’s agribusiness and rural development, but Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks threaten smallholder sustainability. This study developed the Rapdairy framework, a modified version of the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) approach specifically adapted to evaluate sustainability in smallholder dairy farming systems for post-FMD recovery assessment. The research examined six sustainability dimensions – ecological, economic, social-cultural, technological, institutional, and information systems – across three Malang Regency sub-districts in East Java. Through structured interviews with 287 dairy farmers using multistage sampling and focus group discussions with six expert stakeholders, the framework evaluated 42 sustainability attributes using multidimensional scaling analysis. Results revealed varying sustainability performance: Kalipare achieved the highest index (88.84), followed by Bantur (84.93) and Gondanglegi (81.03). Leverage analysis identified critical factors, including temperature/humidity conditions (5.09), average milk production (4.97), social participation (6.61), feed technology application (14.72), local leadership roles (5.07), and marketing information systems (5.54). Lowland dairy systems face specific challenges in FMD prevention, climate adaptation, market recovery, and technological innovation. Risk assessment showed production risks as the most urgent due to disease vulnerability, followed by financial and market risks. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and development practitioners to enhance smallholder dairy farming sustainability and resilience in tropical developing countries facing disease outbreak challenges.

Farmers are currently moving toward business relationships and forming close ties with business partners in the supply chain. Close business ties reduce costs, enhance efficiency, improve profit, increase competitive advantage and build personal relationships. Utilizing strategic relationship elements such as trust and communication has significant importance for farmers and marketers. This study assessed the influence of trust and communication on farm performance of paddy farmers’ in Bangladesh. Data was collected through quantitative survey-based interviews with 356 farmers from the Mymensingh District, Bangladesh. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the farmers’ demographic details and exchange relationship with their preferred paddy buyer. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that trust and communication contributed to promoting paddy farmers’ farm performance, especially profit, sales, and cash flow growth. The study findings offer farmers a basis for developing long-term business relationships by applying trust and communication to establish, maintain, and enhance farm performance.