The dynamic wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs) is considered an efficient and practical choice to extend the driving range and reduce battery pack size. However, the coupling coefficient between transmitter coils and receiver coil varies rapidly on a large scale during the EVs moving, so it deteriorates the charging performance of dynamic wireless power transfer in EVs, such as the discontinuous charging for the lithium-ion batteries in EVs. Moreover, the charging power and efficiency of the system can also be affected. To solve these issues, a dc–dc converter is added to cascade on the receiver side to improve the output power and efficiency of the system. Furthermore, the passivity-based proportional-integral control is designed for the dc–dc on the receiver side of dynamic wireless charging system to improve the performance against the rapidly changing coupling coefficient. Finally, compared with the conventional proportional-integral-derivative controller, simulation and experimental results are given to show the performance and robustness of dynamic wireless charging system by the proposed method.

Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) is one of the most promising and economical power supply solutions for electric vehicles (EVs), which can address range anxiety and downsize the volume of onboard batteries. To solve the null power phenomenon and transfer power pulsation phenomenon in DWC scheme, this paper proposes a new magnetic coupler array to implement continuous charging and reduce the output power variation. The transmitters are placed with a proper interval to eliminate the adjacent coupling and enlarge the coil array’s effective length. ANSYS Maxwell is utilized to demonstrate the finite element analysis (FEA) of the DWC system. A larger receiver coil is designed to significantly mitigate power pulsation and increase the magnetic coupling as the receiver moves along the array. With the well-designed receiver coil, the output power pulsation is $\pm$ 1.52 $\%$ . For the high-power capacity scenario, a multilevel connected DC-DC converter is designed on the receiver side to regulate the transfer power. Besides, a passivity-based control (PBC) is developed for the receiving DC-DC converter based on the Euler-Lagrange (EL) model, and a current sharing compensator is employed to balance each phase inductor current. Finally, a 500- $\text{W}$ prototype is constructed, and experimental results are represented to validate the proposed optimized coil array and the proposed PBC method.

The interleaved double dual boost converter (IDDBC) is considered a promising and reliable approach to interface the low-voltage renewable energy sources (RESs), such as battery packs, fuel cells, and photovoltaic (PV) panels, to the dc bus of the dc microgrids. It could give a higher voltage step-up ratio and reduce voltage and current stresses on the power devices. However, the connection of various tightly regulated power converters, which are known as constant power loads (CPLs), would cause negative incremental impedance. Meanwhile, the unmodeled dynamics and load perturbation disturbances are unavoidable in the dc microgrid. These issues would deteriorate the system stability and even lead to system failure. To address these problems, this article proposes an adaptive passivity-based control (PBC) to handle the dc bus’s large-scale stability issues of the $N$ -phase IDDBC feeding CPL system. A reduced and practical $N$ -phase IDDBC model supplying CPL considering unmodeled dynamics and load perturbation disturbances is proposed to facilitate the controller design. Besides, a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is incorporated with the proposed PBC to improve the robustness against parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. And the global stability of the closed-loop system is proved through the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, simulation and experimental results are demonstrated to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Wireless charging technologies have meaningful advantages over the conventional plug-in method in the future Electric vehicle development. To improve the battery service life and ensure charging safety, a wireless charger should provide a representative charging process with constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs. Usually, different kinds of compensation topology are combined into a hybrid or reconfigurable circuit to meet the charging requirements. However, these topologies may introduce extra components, resulting in higher power loss and control complexity. This paper proposes a frequency control-based wireless power transfer (WPT) system using only a single compensation network, which achieves load-independent CC and CV outputs. Furthermore, the impacts of internal coil resistors and variations of the coil self inductors on system performance (such as zero voltage switching (ZVS) and output charging current) are investigated. A simple parameter tuning method for robust ZVS is put forward to obtain a higher charging performance. Besides, a frequency control strategy is proposed for accurate CC charging and improving the system’s robustness against gap and misalignment variations. Finally, experimental results nearly show no difference with the theoretical analysis and verify the proposed frequency control-based WPT system.

The multilevel connected dc–dc converters system is considered a practical technology to increase the capacity and reduce voltage and current stresses on the power devices. In practice, mismatched parameters are inevitable, which increase the challenge of output voltage regulation and current sharing control. In order to conquer these difficulties, this article investigates the current sharing based on incremental passivity control for multilevel connected dc–dc converters. Combined with passivity-based control, a finite-time estimator is given to improve the robustness against the load variations. The proposed method results in a linear control law despite the bilinear nature of this system. Moreover, analysis exhibits that stability and current sharing are independent of inductor parameters. Furthermore, stability of the closed-loop system has been proved that the proposed approach is valid both for a linear and nonlinear load. After introducing the proposed control scheme, simulation and experiments are offered to validate its fast transit response and antidisturbance performance.

For a reliable and controllable wireless power transfer (WPT) system, the simultaneous wireless power and information transfer (SWPIT) technology has recently attracted special consideration to achieve real-time information exchange between the transmitter and receiver. In this article, a novel SWPIT system with an integrated signal magnetic coupler is proposed for wireless charging applications. The signal detection coil integrated with the receiver coil is designed to utilize the existing ferrite cores of the magnetic coupler, reducing the overall cost, and obtaining a more compact design. Meanwhile, the deviation frequency enlargement effect principle and the frequency shift keying technology are used to realize SWPIT in a wireless charger. The equivalent circuit of the proposed system is modeled and analyzed considering the cross-couplings between the integrated signal coil and the main coils. The finite element analysis (FEA) is presented through Ansys Maxwell software to select the optimal ferrite core structure and eliminate these unwanted cross-couplings. Finally, a 70- $W$ power experimental prototype is established, and comprehensive experimental results are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed SWPIT system. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that the measured output power fluctuation is below 0.5% during information transmission, the transmission rate is up to 9.6 kbps, and the system efficiency can be maintained at 88.76%.