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Prof. Nesrein Hashem
Agriculture Faculty, Alexandria University, Egypt

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Short Biography

Dr. Nesrein M.Hashem (N.M.Hashem) has started her occupational and scientific carrier as a demonstrator in Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt and she is currently a Professor of Animal Physiology (2020) at the same department. Her researches aim to improve reproductive efficiency, milk production and growth performance of different farm animals, particularly small ruminants, taking into account the genetic, environmental and nutritional interactions as well as food safety of animal products. She has published about 60 articles in ISI and national scientific journals and international conferences. She is an invited reviewer for many prestigious journals. She has contributed to many scientific projects funded from different national agencies, national and international conferences, workshop and training courses. She also has supervised many postgraduate students in the field of animal production in addition to her teaching and social activities. She has obtained many rewards (Encouragement Award for Excellent Scientific Publication, 2017, Alexandria University; and State Encouragement award for women (2019), Academy of Scientific Research& Technology (ASRT), the Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt).

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Profile ImageNani Nasreldin Pathology and Clinical Path...
Profile ImageIslam Saadeldin King Saud University
Profile ImageSameh Abdelnour Zagazig University
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Profile ImageJesus Simal-Gandara University of Vigo, Spain
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Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Antioxidants
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This study investigated the effect of Moringa leaf ethanolic extract (MLEE) on heat-tolerance variables and the reproductive performance of rabbit does bred under hot climate conditions. Additionally, the effect of nanoencapsulation technology on the biological efficiency of MLEE was considered. A total of 56 rabbit does were randomly divided into four experimental groups and treated with 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) nonencapsulated MLEE, 25 or 10 mg/kg BW nanoencapsulated MLEE, or not treated (Control, C). The treatments continued for 50 days, including mating and pregnancy times. Physiological and hematochemical variables, hormonal profiles, and reproductive performance (kindling rate and litter characteristics) were determined. The active components of MLEE were identified. The results indicated that MLEE has 30 active components. All MLEE-based treatments reduced heat-stress-related indicators, such as rectal temperatures, respiratory rates and heart rate; improved hematochemical attributes, redox status, and hormones (progesterone and prolactin); and increased the total litter size, the kindling rate, litter size at birth and litter weight at birth. Adding MLEE can alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress by improving metabolism, redox status, and hormonal balance during pregnancy. These effects were seen whether MLLE was in free or encapsulated forms. However, the use of nanoencapsulated MLEE allowed 80% reduction (10 mg/kg BW) in the optimal dose (50 mg/kg BW) without affecting the efficiency of the treatment. These results support the importance of nanoencapsulation technology in improving the bioavailability of active components when they are orally administered.

ACS Style

Nagwa I. El-Desoky; Nesrein M. Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Ahmed G. Elkomy; Zahraa R. Abo-Elezz. Effects of a Nanoencapsulated Moringa Leaf Ethanolic Extract on the Physiology, Metabolism and Reproductive Performance of Rabbit Does during Summer. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1326 .

AMA Style

Nagwa I. El-Desoky, Nesrein M. Hashem, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes, Ahmed G. Elkomy, Zahraa R. Abo-Elezz. Effects of a Nanoencapsulated Moringa Leaf Ethanolic Extract on the Physiology, Metabolism and Reproductive Performance of Rabbit Does during Summer. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nagwa I. El-Desoky; Nesrein M. Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Ahmed G. Elkomy; Zahraa R. Abo-Elezz. 2021. "Effects of a Nanoencapsulated Moringa Leaf Ethanolic Extract on the Physiology, Metabolism and Reproductive Performance of Rabbit Does during Summer." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1326.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2021 in Animals
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The purpose of the current study is to reconnoiter the relationships between season (birth season, BS, and kidding season, KS), reproductive traits (birth weight, BW; total litter size at birth, TLS; litter size at weaning, LSW; the number of kids dead, NKD, and; age at first kidding, AFK) and milk production (total milk yield, TMY; average daily milk yield, DMY, and; lactation period, LP), with voluntary culling risk in primiparous Zaraibi goats. Records of 637 primiparous does were collected during the period 2008–2014 from a herd of Zaraibi goats raised at the El-Serw Experimental Station, which belongs to the Animal Production Research Institute. Our data revealed that the voluntary and involuntary culling was 89.12% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, the BW, TLS, LSW, NKD, TMY, DMY, LP, AFK had significant effects on culling risk (p< 0.05), while both the season of birth and kidding did not exhibit significant effects on culling risk. The thinnest goats at birth were more likely to be culled compared to those with body energy reserves. Does with weaned twins and triplets kids were 9.5% (OR = 0.905) and 43% (OR = 0.570), respectively less likely to be culled compared to those with singles. Likewise, does with dead twins and triplets kids had 2.566 and 2.138 times, respectively higher odds of culling compared to those with singles. Interestingly, culling risk decreased with 74.6% (OR = 0.254), 79.8% (OR = 0.202), and 75.6% (OR = 0.244) in does with TMY, LP, and DMY more than 230 kg, 260 days, and 0.800 kg, respectively compared to their counterparts (less than 185 kg, 240 day, and 0.500 kg, respectively). Moreover, culling risk increased steadily along with increasing AFK; the animals with an AFK of more than 24 months had 2.974 times higher odds of culling compared to those with an AFK that varied between 22 and 24 months. It could be concluded that the most critical issues for higher culling probability in dairy goats were attributed to the lower TMY (<185 kg) and DMY (<0.5 kg), and shorter LP (2 years). This putative information could be used as indicators to enhance the management and genetic approaches in dairy goats and thus sustain productivity with low cost.

ACS Style

Ali El-Raghi; Mahmoud Hassan; Ibrahim El-Ratel; Nesrein Hashem; Sameh Abdelnour. Sustainable Management of Voluntary Culling Risk in Primiparous Zaraibi Goats in Egypt: Roles of Season and Reproductive and Milk Production-Related Traits. Animals 2021, 11, 2342 .

AMA Style

Ali El-Raghi, Mahmoud Hassan, Ibrahim El-Ratel, Nesrein Hashem, Sameh Abdelnour. Sustainable Management of Voluntary Culling Risk in Primiparous Zaraibi Goats in Egypt: Roles of Season and Reproductive and Milk Production-Related Traits. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali El-Raghi; Mahmoud Hassan; Ibrahim El-Ratel; Nesrein Hashem; Sameh Abdelnour. 2021. "Sustainable Management of Voluntary Culling Risk in Primiparous Zaraibi Goats in Egypt: Roles of Season and Reproductive and Milk Production-Related Traits." Animals 11, no. 8: 2342.

Review
Published: 29 June 2021 in Animals
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Reproductive efficiency of farm animals has central consequences on productivity and profitability of livestock farming systems. Optimal reproductive management is based on applying different strategies, including biological, hormonal, nutritional strategies, as well as reproductive disease control. These strategies should not only guarantee sufficient reproductive outcomes but should also comply with practical and ethical aspects. For example, the efficiency of the biological- and hormonal-based reproductive strategies is mainly related to several biological factors and physiological status of animals, and of nutritional strategies, additional factors, such as digestion and absorption, can contribute. In addition, the management of reproductive-related diseases is challenged by the concerns regarding the intensive use of antibiotics and the development of antimicrobial resistant strains. The emergence of nanotechnology applications in livestock farming systems may present innovative and new solutions for overcoming reproductive management challenges. Many drugs (hormones and antibiotics), biological molecules, and nutrients can acquire novel physicochemical properties using nanotechnology; the main ones are improved bioavailability, higher cellular uptake, controlled sustained release, and lower toxicity compared with ordinary forms. In this review, we illustrate advances in the most common reproductive management strategies by applying nanotechnology, considering the current challenges of each strategy.

ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances. Animals 2021, 11, 1932 .

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1932.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. 2021. "Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances." Animals 11, no. 7: 1932.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Animals
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This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities of a Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. (Cd) shoot methanolic extracts considering the biological activity of its phytogenic compounds. For this purpose, the Cd phenolic compounds were detected, and an in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Cd extract was performed. For a biological evaluation, 30 v-line rabbits were randomly distributed into three groups with treatments including: a basal diet without Cd shoots powder supplement (C group) or supplemented with 1.25- (Cdl group) or 2.5 (Cdh group)-mg Cd/kg dry matter (DM). The Cd extract showed a linear scavenging activity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), with the maximal activity observed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. A total of 16 phenolic compounds were identified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in the Cd methanolic extract, among which benzoic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, naringenin, and o-coumaric acid were the major compounds. The methanolic extract of Cd showed inhibitory actions against microbial pathogen species. The in vivo study showed that the two concentrations of Cd significantly improved the redox status of the blood plasma and lysozyme activity. Treatment with Cdh significantly decreased the levels of interleukin-β1 in the blood plasma compared with the control. Moreover, the two concentrations of Cd significantly increased the counts of intestinal and cecal yeast and Lactobacillus species and decreased the Salmonella and Coliform species compared with the control. The aerial parts of the Cd shrub had strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities, which can improve the overall health status and seem to be related to its impressive range of biologically active phenolic compounds.

ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; Mohamed Shehata. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Cleomedroserifolia (Forssk.) Del. and Its Biological Effects on Redox Status, Immunity, and Gut Microflora. Animals 2021, 11, 1929 .

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, Mohamed Shehata. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Cleomedroserifolia (Forssk.) Del. and Its Biological Effects on Redox Status, Immunity, and Gut Microflora. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1929.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; Mohamed Shehata. 2021. "Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Cleomedroserifolia (Forssk.) Del. and Its Biological Effects on Redox Status, Immunity, and Gut Microflora." Animals 11, no. 7: 1929.

Review
Published: 28 June 2021 in Animals
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Nanotechnology is one of the major advanced technologies applied in different fields, including agriculture, livestock, medicine, and food sectors. Nanomaterials can help maintain the sustainability of the livestock sector through improving quantitative and qualitative production of safe, healthy, and functional animal products. Given the diverse nanotechnology applications in the animal nutrition field, the use of nanomaterials opens the horizon of opportunities for enhancing feed utilization and efficiency in animal production. Nanotechnology facilitates the development of nano vehicles for nutrients (including trace minerals), allowing efficient delivery to improve digestion and absorption for better nutrient metabolism and physiology. Nanominerals are interesting alternatives for inorganic and organic minerals for animals that can substantially enhance the bioavailability and reduce pollution. Nanominerals promote antioxidant activity, and improve growth performance, reproductive performance, immune response, intestinal health, and the nutritional value of animal products. Nanominerals are also helpful for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcomes by enriching media for cryopreservation of spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos with antioxidant nanominerals. Despite the promising positive effects of nanominerals on animal performance and health, there are various challenges related to nanominerals, including their metabolism and fate in the animal’s body. Thus, the economic, legal, and ethical implications of nanomaterials must also be considered by the authority. This review highlights the benefits of including nanominerals (particularly nano-selenium and nano-zinc) in animal diets and/or cryopreservation media, focusing on modes of action, physiological effects, and the potential toxicity of their impact on human health.

ACS Style

Sameh Abdelnour; Mahmoud Alagawany; Nesrein Hashem; Mayada Farag; Etab Alghamdi; Faiz Hassan; Rana Bilal; Shaaban Elnesr; Mahmoud Dawood; Sameer Nagadi; Hamada Elwan; Abeer Almasoudi; Youssef Attia. Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles. Animals 2021, 11, 1916 .

AMA Style

Sameh Abdelnour, Mahmoud Alagawany, Nesrein Hashem, Mayada Farag, Etab Alghamdi, Faiz Hassan, Rana Bilal, Shaaban Elnesr, Mahmoud Dawood, Sameer Nagadi, Hamada Elwan, Abeer Almasoudi, Youssef Attia. Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1916.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sameh Abdelnour; Mahmoud Alagawany; Nesrein Hashem; Mayada Farag; Etab Alghamdi; Faiz Hassan; Rana Bilal; Shaaban Elnesr; Mahmoud Dawood; Sameer Nagadi; Hamada Elwan; Abeer Almasoudi; Youssef Attia. 2021. "Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles." Animals 11, no. 7: 1916.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Sustainability
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In the near future, the year 2050, agricultural production should expand to fulfill the needs of approximately 9.7 billion inhabitants. Such an objective should be harmonized with social, economic, and environmental sustainability aspects to maintain safe food production and food security worldwide. For more than a year, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised and is still strongly disrupting the agro-livestock production sector, similar to several other economic sectors. In this sector, the relationships between suppliers, producers, and consumers should always continue to maintain the activity of the production chain, which are impaired by social distancing decisions taken following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, a global cross-sectional survey (translated into four languages: Arabic, English, French, and Spanish) was shared with people belonging to the agricultural sector to identify: (1) the role of the agricultural information and communication technologies (ICTs) in agro-livestock farming systems sustainability during the period of COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the need for such technologies in the agricultural sector, and (3) the factors that affect the use of such technologies. The results showed that the most frequently used agricultural ICTs were social media (Facebook and/or WhatsApp; 27.3%) and online platforms and Internet services (26.3%), whereas robotic vehicles and/or drones (6.6%) were less frequently used. During the emergence of the pandemic, the major reasons impacting agro-livestock farming systems’ sustainability were social distancing (30.0%), shortage of labor (17.7%), maintaining precision farm management (14.8%), product marketing (14.2%), access production inputs (7.2%), and others (16.1%). Applying agricultural ICTs solved many obstacles related to the production process, such as maintaining precision farm management (25.6%), product marketing (23.6%), and access production inputs (16.1%). The subgroup analyses of the results considering the degree of country advancement, size of agribusinesses, and role/position of respondents in the farm highlighted the importance of supporting the use, availability, and awareness of agricultural ICTs at least for some groups of people such as those belong to developing countries, laborers, and small-scale agri-business holders. This cross-sectional study highlights the urgent need to turn to and to expand the use of new agricultural ICTs to meet the growing demand for food production in the world and to ensure the resilience and sustainability of farming systems, specifically under unexpected and extreme conditions.

ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; Eman Hassanein; Jean-François Hocquette; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Fayrouz Ahmed; Youssef Attia; Khalid Asiry. Agro-Livestock Farming System Sustainability during the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Information and Communication Technologies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6521 .

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, Eman Hassanein, Jean-François Hocquette, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes, Fayrouz Ahmed, Youssef Attia, Khalid Asiry. Agro-Livestock Farming System Sustainability during the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Information and Communication Technologies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; Eman Hassanein; Jean-François Hocquette; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Fayrouz Ahmed; Youssef Attia; Khalid Asiry. 2021. "Agro-Livestock Farming System Sustainability during the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Information and Communication Technologies." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6521.

Review
Published: 24 February 2021 in Antioxidants
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Honeybee products have positive effects on the reproductive performance of mammals. Many honeybee product constituents are biologically active, with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antifungal, wound-healing, and cardio-protective properties. Honeybee products also improve male and female fertility rates by enhancing gamete cryopreservation, in vitro maturation and fertilization, and embryo development. Previously published studies confirmed their efficacy for alleviating reproductive toxicity caused by contaminants and lifestyle habits that impair overall health and well-being. However, high-dose oral administration of honeybee products may adversely affect the reproductive system, and unfavorable effects were alleviated by treatment cessation. For this reason, this review proposes that bioactive components from bee products can be used as a strategy for improving the reproductive performance and health of mammals.

ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; Eman Hassanein; Jesus Simal-Gandara. Improving Reproductive Performance and Health of Mammals Using Honeybee Products. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 336 .

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, Eman Hassanein, Jesus Simal-Gandara. Improving Reproductive Performance and Health of Mammals Using Honeybee Products. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (3):336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; Eman Hassanein; Jesus Simal-Gandara. 2021. "Improving Reproductive Performance and Health of Mammals Using Honeybee Products." Antioxidants 10, no. 3: 336.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2021 in Animals
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)–loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GnRH–ChNPs) were used at different doses and routes of administration to induce ovulation in rabbits as an attempt to improve artificial insemination (AI) procedures and outcomes. In this study, the characteristics (size, polydispersity, loading efficiency, and zeta-potential) of GnRH–ChNPs and the GnRH release pattern were determined in an in vitro study. A first in vivo study assessed the pituitary and ovarian response to different GnRH–ChNPs doses and routes of administration (two i.m. doses, Group HM = 0.4 µg and Group QM = 0.2 µg, and two intravaginal doses, Group HV = 4 µg and Group QV = 2 µg) against a control group (C) receiving bare GnRH (0.8 µg). The HM, QM, and HV treatments induced an earlier LH-surge (90 min) than that observed in group C (120 min), whilst the QV treatment failed to induce such LH surge. The number of ovulation points was similar among treatments, except for the QV treatment (no ovulation points). A second in vivo study was consequently developed to determine the hormonal (progesterone, P4, and estradiol, E2) profile and pregnancy outcomes of both HM and HV treatments against group C. The treatment HM, but not the treatment HV, showed adequate P4 and E2 concentrations, conception and parturition rates, litter size, litter weight, and viability rate at birth. Overall, the use of GnRH–ChNPs allows for a reduction in the conventional intramuscular GnRH dose to half without compromising fertility. However, the addition of GnRH–ChNPs to semen extenders, although successfully inducing ovulation, has negative impacts on fertility. Thus, more studies are needed to explore this point and allow further adjustments.

ACS Style

Eman Hassanein; Nesrein Hashem; Kheir El-Azrak; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Gamal Hassan; Mohamed Salem. Efficiency of GnRH–Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Inducing LH Secretion and Fertile Ovulations in Protocols for Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Does. Animals 2021, 11, 440 .

AMA Style

Eman Hassanein, Nesrein Hashem, Kheir El-Azrak, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes, Gamal Hassan, Mohamed Salem. Efficiency of GnRH–Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Inducing LH Secretion and Fertile Ovulations in Protocols for Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Does. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eman Hassanein; Nesrein Hashem; Kheir El-Azrak; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Gamal Hassan; Mohamed Salem. 2021. "Efficiency of GnRH–Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Inducing LH Secretion and Fertile Ovulations in Protocols for Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Does." Animals 11, no. 2: 440.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Animals
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Twenty-four adult rabbit bucks (n = 6 per treatment) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 mg proline/kg dry matter (DM) diet for 12 weeks to determine possible usefulness for alleviating the negative impact of environmental heat stress on redox status, haemato-biochaemical attributes and semen quality. There were significant dose–response effects, with increments in levels of dietary proline (LDP) quadratically improving red blood cell counts (p = 0.017), rectal temperature (p = 0.009), and respiratory rate (p < 0.001). Increasing LDP cubically affected superoxide dismutase activity in blood plasma (p = 0.012) and total antioxidant capacity in both blood and seminal plasma (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). The optimal response was observed at 30 and 80 mg proline/kg DM for blood and seminal plasma, respectively. With regards to homeostasis indexes, increments in LDP cubically modified blood plasma concentrations of total protein (p = 0.002) and albumin (p < 0.001), with an optimal response found at 70 mg proline/kg DM. A linear relationship (p = 0.005) was also observed between LDP and blood plasma glucose concentrations, with the optimal response being found at 100 mg proline/kg DM. Increasing LDP also showed positive effects on reproductive traits, with quadratic increases in blood plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations (p < 0.001; optimal responses at 50 and 60 mg proline/kg DM, respectively), a positive linear relationship with in libido, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total sperm count (p < 0.001 for all; optimal responses observed at 100 mg proline/kg DM) and a quadratic increase in total functional sperm fraction (p < 0.001; optimal response at 70 mg proline mg/kg DM). Hence, the optimal positive effects of dietary proline supplementation on redox status, blood metabolites, and reproductive traits of rabbit bucks may be achieved at 50–100 mg/kg DM.

ACS Style

Sameh Abdelnour; Naif Al-Gabri; Nesrein Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. Supplementation with Proline Improves Haemato-Biochemical and Reproductive Indicators in Male Rabbits Affected by Environmental Heat-Stress. Animals 2021, 11, 373 .

AMA Style

Sameh Abdelnour, Naif Al-Gabri, Nesrein Hashem, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. Supplementation with Proline Improves Haemato-Biochemical and Reproductive Indicators in Male Rabbits Affected by Environmental Heat-Stress. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sameh Abdelnour; Naif Al-Gabri; Nesrein Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. 2021. "Supplementation with Proline Improves Haemato-Biochemical and Reproductive Indicators in Male Rabbits Affected by Environmental Heat-Stress." Animals 11, no. 2: 373.

Review article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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COVID-19 virus is classified as a respiratory disease that can be mainly transmitted via respiratory droplets, however, there are recently published reports suggested its ability to transmit via sexual intercourse, assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, pregnancy, and nursing. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 mainly attacks respiratory systems, manifestations of multiple organs have been detected. A significant concern was raised about whether COVID‐19 may affect female and male reproductive functions. These findings imposed more restrictions on social relationships between individuals even if inside the family, adding more physiologic load. In this context, there is a crucial need to identify the biological and behavioral reproductive risk factors associated with COVID­19 disease. Questions regarding the potential risks of sexual transmission during intercourse and/or application of ART, vertical transmission (throughout pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding), the health of pregnant and postpartum women, and fetal or postnatal health problems of neonates/children remain largely unanswered. The contribution of individuals to different social and economic activities depends on the maintenance of good quality life and health. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic raised on the end of December 2019 has drastically affected different aspects of human wellbeing. The pandemic not only affected the health of individuals, but also negatively affected mental health and social interaction. Up to date, however, COVID-19 virus is classified as a respiratory disease that can be mainly transmitted via respiratory droplets; recent reports suggested its ability to transmit via sexual intercourse, assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, pregnancy and nursing. These findings imposed more restricted social distancing between individuals even if inside the family to avoid the possibility of contagion. In this context, there is a crucial need to identify the biological and behavioral reproductive risk factors associated with COVID­19 disease. Questions regarding the potential risks of sexual transmission during intercourse and/or application of ART, vertical transmission (throughout pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding), the health of pregnant and postpartum women, and fetal or postnatal health problems of neonates/children remain largely unanswered. This review illustrates: a) scientific findings related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reproductive process, considering gender, hormonal balance, gonad functions, pregnancy, and ART, b) the sociosexual dimension of COVID-19 disease and precautions that should be taken to avoid infection via sexual transmission or vertical transmission, which may alleviate the fear associated with continuing normal social relationships and economic activities.

ACS Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Sameh A. Abdelnour; Ahmad R. Alhimaidi; Ayman A. Swelum. Potential impacts of COVID-19 on reproductive health: Scientific findings and social dimension. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2020, 28, 1702 -1712.

AMA Style

Nesrein M. Hashem, Sameh A. Abdelnour, Ahmad R. Alhimaidi, Ayman A. Swelum. Potential impacts of COVID-19 on reproductive health: Scientific findings and social dimension. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020; 28 (3):1702-1712.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Sameh A. Abdelnour; Ahmad R. Alhimaidi; Ayman A. Swelum. 2020. "Potential impacts of COVID-19 on reproductive health: Scientific findings and social dimension." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 3: 1702-1712.

Conference paper
Published: 04 December 2020 in Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Animals—Global Sustainability and Animals: Science, Ethics and Policy
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Synbiotics are a mixture of probiotics (live microbes) and prebiotics (nutrients for intestinal microbiota—soluble fibers, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) that are now being considered important tools to help in maintaining animals in good health. Synbiotics may improve animal health through different effects. Synbiotics can modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota community in favor of beneficial intestinal and cecal microorganisms, improve immune system functions, and provide specific active molecules that can improve the digestion of feed and absorption of nutrients. Achieving adequate efficiency of the synbiotic products depends on maintaining probiotic survival and prebiotic stability against processing, storage, and gastrointestinal conditions. The development of nano-encapsulation technique facilitates the protection of live microorganism as well as the controlled and sustained release of bioactive molecules. In this study, the synbiotic, fabricated to be used as a dietary supplement for growing rabbits, consisted of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCY) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) encapsulated, or not, with alginate nanoparticles. Sixty-four, 40-day-old, growing rabbits were equally allocated into four groups, receiving per each kg diet: non-capsulated 11 × 1012 SCY + 0.15 g MOLE (NCS), encapsulated 5.5 × 1012 SCY + 0.075 g MOLE (LCS) encapsulated 11 × 1012 SCY + 0.15 g MOLE (HCS), or no synbiotic (control). The treatments continued for six consecutive weeks, from 40 to 82 days of age. During the experimental period, growth performance variables including body weight (BW), feed consumption, BW gain, and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. At the end of the treatment, at 82 days of age, blood samples and intestinal and cecal samples were individually collected from six randomly selected rabbits. Also, in vitro gastrointestinal system simulation was used to test the survival of the yeast cells through the gastrointestinal tract. Results revealed that the encapsulation process significantly improved yeast survival against gastric and intestinal digestion. Compared to the control, NCS and LCS treatments, the HCS treatment increased the number of intestinal and cecal yeast cells (p < 0.05) and lactobacillus bacteria (p = 0.062) and decreased the number of salmonella (p < 0.05) and coliform (p = 0.08) bacteria. Rabbits treated with HCS had the highest (p < 0.05) phagocytic activity, lysosomal activity, and lowest serum concentrations of immunoglobulin E and malondialdehyde compared to the control, NCS and LCS treatments. The HCS treatment significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to control treatment, while the NCS and LCS treatments showed intermediate values. In conclusion, the encapsulation process improved the efficiency of the innovative synbiotic. The high dose of encapsulated synbiotic adjusted gut microflora constitutes and boosted the immunity and growth performance of rabbits during the fattening period. These positive effects on immunity and growth performance are mostly related to the prevalence of beneficial intestinal and cecal microorganisms, indicating the opportunity of using synbiotics, specifically in an encapsulated form, as antibiotic alternatives. These findings pave the way towards more sustainable animal production, ensuring the maintenance of adequate animal health while excluding the hazards of antibiotics use and their related risks to the health of humans and animals.

ACS Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Nagwa El-Desoky; Nourhan S. Hosny; Mohamed G. Shehata. Gastrointestinal Microflora Homeostasis, Immunity and Growth Performance of Rabbits Supplemented with Innovative Non-Encapsulated or Encapsulated Synbiotic. Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Animals—Global Sustainability and Animals: Science, Ethics and Policy 2020, 73, 5 .

AMA Style

Nesrein M. Hashem, Nagwa El-Desoky, Nourhan S. Hosny, Mohamed G. Shehata. Gastrointestinal Microflora Homeostasis, Immunity and Growth Performance of Rabbits Supplemented with Innovative Non-Encapsulated or Encapsulated Synbiotic. Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Animals—Global Sustainability and Animals: Science, Ethics and Policy. 2020; 73 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Nagwa El-Desoky; Nourhan S. Hosny; Mohamed G. Shehata. 2020. "Gastrointestinal Microflora Homeostasis, Immunity and Growth Performance of Rabbits Supplemented with Innovative Non-Encapsulated or Encapsulated Synbiotic." Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Animals—Global Sustainability and Animals: Science, Ethics and Policy 73, no. 1: 5.

Review
Published: 21 October 2020 in Antioxidants
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Reproduction is a complex process that is substantially affected by environmental cues, specifically feed/diet and its components. Farm animals as herbivorous animals are exposed to a large amount of polyphenols present in their natural feeding system, in alternative feed resources (shrubs, trees, and agro-industrial byproducts), and in polyphenol-enriched additives. Such exposure has increased because of the well-known antioxidant properties of polyphenols. However, to date, the argumentation around the impacts of polyphenols on reproductive events is debatable. Accordingly, the intensive inclusion of polyphenols in the diets of breeding animals and in media for assisted reproductive techniques needs further investigation, avoiding any source of reproductive waste and achieving maximum benefits. This review illustrates recent findings connecting dietary polyphenols consumption from different sources (conventional and unconventional feeds) with the reproductive performance of farm animals, underpinned by the findings of in vitro studies in this field. This update will help in formulating proper diets, optimizing the introduction of new plant species, and feed additives for improving reproductive function, avoiding possible reproductive wastes and maximizing possible benefits.

ACS Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Jesus Simal-Gandara. Polyphenols in Farm Animals: Source of Reproductive Gain or Waste? Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1023 .

AMA Style

Nesrein M. Hashem, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes, Jesus Simal-Gandara. Polyphenols in Farm Animals: Source of Reproductive Gain or Waste? Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (10):1023.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Jesus Simal-Gandara. 2020. "Polyphenols in Farm Animals: Source of Reproductive Gain or Waste?" Antioxidants 9, no. 10: 1023.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2020 in Animals
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The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different housing management systems on behavior, blood metabolites and hormonal balance in male dromedaries during the rutting season. Forty-eight adult male dromedaries were stratified in a two by three factorial experiment design, testing effects of social contact (single and group) and movement control (tied, fenced and exercise). During a ten-week experimental period, male dromedaries were filmed weekly for 20 min three times per day to evaluate their behaviors. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum metabolites and hormones. Both animal social contact and movement control significantly affected maintenance, posture and sexual behaviors. Male dromedaries housed in groups expressed higher frequencies of sexual desire-related behaviors (teeth grinding, open legs, tail flapping, dulla “soft palate exteriorization”, blathering and urination) than those individually housed. Animal movement control significantly affected sexual behavior; fenced and exercised male dromedaries expressed higher frequencies of sexual desire-related behaviors than tied ones. Male dromedaries housed in groups and allowed to walk around had significantly higher frequencies of ruminating, standing, walking and sexual-related behaviors than those housed individually or tied. Movement control had significant effects on blood serum metabolites and hormone concentrations. Fenced and exercised male dromedaries had higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of blood serum transaminases, free radicals, glucose, cholesterol and testosterone (2.91 and 2.09 ng/mL, respectively) and lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of cortisol (44.12 and 53.52 nmol/L, respectively) and triiodothyronine (1.68 and 1.91 ng/mL, respectively) than tied male dromedaries. In conclusion, animal social interaction is of particular importance for maintaining physical, psychological and sexual behaviors. Allowing walking-around exercise for captive animals improves their metabolic status and decreases captive stress effects. Housing systems that guarantee social interaction and physical activity are the most suitable housing management systems for captive male dromedaries during the rutting season.

ACS Style

Ramadan D. El-Shoukary; Nani Nasreldin; Ahmed S. Osman; Nesrein M. Hashem; Islam M. Saadeldin; Ayman A. Swelum. Housing Management of Male Dromedaries during the Rut Season: Effects of Social Contact between Males and Movement Control on Sexual Behavior, Blood Metabolites and Hormonal Balance. Animals 2020, 10, 1621 .

AMA Style

Ramadan D. El-Shoukary, Nani Nasreldin, Ahmed S. Osman, Nesrein M. Hashem, Islam M. Saadeldin, Ayman A. Swelum. Housing Management of Male Dromedaries during the Rut Season: Effects of Social Contact between Males and Movement Control on Sexual Behavior, Blood Metabolites and Hormonal Balance. Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramadan D. El-Shoukary; Nani Nasreldin; Ahmed S. Osman; Nesrein M. Hashem; Islam M. Saadeldin; Ayman A. Swelum. 2020. "Housing Management of Male Dromedaries during the Rut Season: Effects of Social Contact between Males and Movement Control on Sexual Behavior, Blood Metabolites and Hormonal Balance." Animals 10, no. 9: 1621.

Review
Published: 13 May 2020 in Animals
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Many biotechnological assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are currently used to control the reproductive processes of farm animals. Nowadays, smart ART that considers technique efficiency, animal welfare, cost efficiency and environmental health are developed. Recently, the nanotechnology revolution has pervaded all scientific fields including the reproduction of farm animals, facilitating certain improvements in this field. Nanotechnology could be used to improve and overcome many technical obstacles that face different ART. For example, semen purification and semen preservation processes have been developed using different nanomaterials and techniques, to obtain semen doses with high sperm quality. Additionally, nanodrugs delivery could be applied to fabricate several sex hormones (steroids or gonadotrophins) used in the manipulation of the reproductive cycle. Nanofabricated hormones have new specific biological properties, increasing their bioavailability. Applying nanodrugs delivery techniques allow a reduction in hormone dose and improves hormone kinetics in animal body, because of protection from natural biological barriers (e.g., enzymatic degradation). Additionally, biodegradable nanomaterials could be used to fabricate hormone-loaded devices that are made from non-degradable materials, such as silicon and polyvinyl chloride-based matrixes, which negatively impact environmental health. This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in developing some ART outcomes applied in the livestock sector, meeting the concept of smart production.

ACS Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. State-of-the-Art and Prospective of Nanotechnologies for Smart Reproductive Management of Farm Animals. Animals 2020, 10, 840 .

AMA Style

Nesrein M. Hashem, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. State-of-the-Art and Prospective of Nanotechnologies for Smart Reproductive Management of Farm Animals. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein M. Hashem; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. 2020. "State-of-the-Art and Prospective of Nanotechnologies for Smart Reproductive Management of Farm Animals." Animals 10, no. 5: 840.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Livestock Science
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ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; Y.A. Soltan; N.I. El-Desoky; A.S. Morsy; S.M.A. Sallam. Effects of Moringa oleifera extracts and monensin on performance of growing rabbits. Livestock Science 2019, 228, 136 -143.

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, Y.A. Soltan, N.I. El-Desoky, A.S. Morsy, S.M.A. Sallam. Effects of Moringa oleifera extracts and monensin on performance of growing rabbits. Livestock Science. 2019; 228 ():136-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; Y.A. Soltan; N.I. El-Desoky; A.S. Morsy; S.M.A. Sallam. 2019. "Effects of Moringa oleifera extracts and monensin on performance of growing rabbits." Livestock Science 228, no. : 136-143.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Domestic Animal Endocrinology
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The reproductive performance of goats that received a GnRH analog (gonadorelin) fabricated with or without chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles on the day of estrus (day 0) was evaluated. The chitosan-TPP polymer was conjugated with gonadorelin using an ionic gelation method. Thirty-three multiparous Zaraiebi goats were synchronized for estrus with 2 intramuscular (im) injections of 125 μg prostaglandin F2α 14 d apart. Goats showing signs of estrus were divided equally into 3 experimental groups and received a single im injection of 1 mL physiological saline (placebo; control), 50 μg/mL gonadorelin (GnRH), or 12.5 μg (quarter of GnRH dose)/mL chitosan-TPP–conjugated gonadorelin nanoparticles (NGnRH). Each goat underwent ultrasound imaging of their ovaries at day 0 and at day 10 after mating, and pregnancy was diagnosed 28 and 45 d after mating. The concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were determined at day 0 and at days 7, 14, 21, and 42 after mating. NGnRH size, polydispersity, and zeta potential were 93.91 nm, 0.302, and 11.6 mV, respectively. Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles showed 91.2% entrapment efficiency for GnRH. No differences in estrus rate, interval to estrus, or ovarian structure at day 0 were observed among the experimental groups, but the GnRH and NGnRH treatments significantly decreased the duration of estrus compared with the control. At day 10 after mating, both GnRH and NGnRH increased (P = 0.011) the number of corpora lutea compared with the control. Treatment with GnRH increased (P = 0.023) serum E2 concentrations from day 7 to 42 after mating compared with NGnRH and control treatments. The highest (P = 0.043) serum P4 concentration was observed in the GnRH group, followed by the NGnRH and control groups. The increase in serum P4 concentration started earlier a on day 7 in the GnRH group but later on day 14 in the NGnRH group. Compared with the control, GnRH resulted in a higher (P = 0.041) P4-to-E2 ratio, followed by NGnRH. Both gonadorelin treatments significantly increased the twinning rate, the number of embryos at days 28 and 42, and prolificacy and decreased pregnancy losses compared with the control. In conclusion, the administration of GnRH at the time of estrus improved the prolificacy of goats by increasing both the ovulation rate and the number of embryos. In addition, the nanoformulation developed in this study allowed a 75% reduction in the conventional dose of gonadorelin without affecting the fertility and prolificacy of goats, indicating the bioavailability of the reduced GnRH dose after conjugation with developed nanoformula.

ACS Style

N.M. Hashem; S.M. Sallam. Reproductive performance of goats treated with free gonadorelin or nanoconjugated gonadorelin at estrus. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 2019, 71, 106390 .

AMA Style

N.M. Hashem, S.M. Sallam. Reproductive performance of goats treated with free gonadorelin or nanoconjugated gonadorelin at estrus. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2019; 71 ():106390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.M. Hashem; S.M. Sallam. 2019. "Reproductive performance of goats treated with free gonadorelin or nanoconjugated gonadorelin at estrus." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 71, no. : 106390.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Small Ruminant Research
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ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; E.M. Abu-Tor; Z.R. Abo-Elezz; M.G.A. Latif; E.M. Aboutour. Relevance of antioxidant vitamin supplementation for improvement of milk production, milk quality and energy status of lactating ewes. Small Ruminant Research 2019, 177, 153 -159.

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, E.M. Abu-Tor, Z.R. Abo-Elezz, M.G.A. Latif, E.M. Aboutour. Relevance of antioxidant vitamin supplementation for improvement of milk production, milk quality and energy status of lactating ewes. Small Ruminant Research. 2019; 177 ():153-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; E.M. Abu-Tor; Z.R. Abo-Elezz; M.G.A. Latif; E.M. Aboutour. 2019. "Relevance of antioxidant vitamin supplementation for improvement of milk production, milk quality and energy status of lactating ewes." Small Ruminant Research 177, no. : 153-159.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2019 in Animal Reproduction Science
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Though soybean isoflavones (SBI) have pharmaceutical properties, the compounds also have endocrine disrupting activities that may adversely affect fertility of mammals. The effects of SBI on metabolism, antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance and reproductive performance of male rabbits were investigated. Adult male rabbits (n = 21) fed an isoflavone-free diet were orally treated with 0 (control; CON), 5 (small; LSBI) or 20 (large; HSBI) mg of SBI/kg body weight/day for 12 weeks. Both SBI doses resulted in lesser blood plasma total protein concentrations, while there were no effects on glucose and cholesterol concentrations compared to CON. The HSBI-treated males had the greatest (P < 0.05) blood plasma total antioxidant capacity and least malondialdehyde. Treatment with both SBI doses induced a 43% increase in triiodothyronine concentrations (P < 0.05) and 82% in reaction times (P < 0.001), while decreased sperm concentrations (P = 0.01) and blood plasma testosterone concentrations (P = 0.017) 26% and 19%, respectively. The total functional sperm fraction was less (P < 0.05) in the HSBI group; however, there was no effect of the LSBI treatment as compared to values for the CON group. The kindling rates of females mated to HSBI-treated males tended to be less (P = 0.081) than those of does mated with LSBI or CON males. In conclusion, only the HSBI treatment improved antioxidant status; whereas, treatment with both LSBI and HSBI doses induced a hormonal imbalance which led to an impaired testis function indicating the sensitivity of the adult male reproductive system to SBI actions.

ACS Style

M.A. Abo-Elsoud; N.M. Hashem; A.N.M. Nour El-Din; K.I. Kamel; G.A. Hassan. Soybean isoflavone affects in rabbits: Effects on metabolism, antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance and reproductive performance. Animal Reproduction Science 2019, 203, 52 -60.

AMA Style

M.A. Abo-Elsoud, N.M. Hashem, A.N.M. Nour El-Din, K.I. Kamel, G.A. Hassan. Soybean isoflavone affects in rabbits: Effects on metabolism, antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance and reproductive performance. Animal Reproduction Science. 2019; 203 ():52-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.A. Abo-Elsoud; N.M. Hashem; A.N.M. Nour El-Din; K.I. Kamel; G.A. Hassan. 2019. "Soybean isoflavone affects in rabbits: Effects on metabolism, antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance and reproductive performance." Animal Reproduction Science 203, no. : 52-60.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Animal Reproduction Science
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Phytoestrogens are classified as naturally occurring endocrine disrupting chemicals that may affect reproductive performance of farm animals. To investigate the effects of Berseem clover phytoestrogens on reproductive performance of seasonal anoestrus ewes, twenty four late pregnant Rahmani ewes were fed either Berseem clover or maize silage (n = 12/treatment). Treatment started 2 months prepartum and continued until oestrous induction (week 8 postpartum), using the CIDR-eCG based protocol, and early pregnancy. Throughout the 2–8 weeks postpartum, oestrous rate and ovarian activity were not affected by treatment. After oestrous induction, ewes in both groups expressed comparable oestrous rates; however feeding Berseem clover extended (P < 0.05) interval to oestrus (57.00 compared with 42.54 h) and shortened (P < 0.05) oestrous duration (20.0 compared with 34.90 h). Feeding Berseem clover did not affect follicular activity except the number of medium follicles, which was less (P < 0.05) on day of oestrus (Day 0). Feeding maize silage increased (P < 0.05) the total number of follicles and number of small and medium follicles the day before oestrus (Day -1). On Day 0, the greater total number of follicles was due to the greater (P < 0.05) number of medium follicles that was associated with less number of small follicles. Although, the number and diameter of corpora lutea (CLs) were not affected by treatment, serum P4 concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for ewes fed maize silage than for those fed Berseem clover. Fecundity and litter size tended to be greater (about 35%; P = 0.132 and 0.085, respectively) in the maize silage fed ewes. In conclusion, feeding Berseem clover throughout seasonal anoestrus disrupted aspects of behavioural oestrus and there was less luteal P4 synthesis and fecundity of ewes.

ACS Style

N.M. Hashem; K.M. El-Azrak; A.N.M. Nour El-Din; S.M. Sallam; T.A. Taha; M.H. Salem. Effects of Trifolium alexandrinum phytoestrogens on oestrous behaviour, ovarian activity and reproductive performance of ewes during the non-breeding season. Animal Reproduction Science 2018, 196, 1 -8.

AMA Style

N.M. Hashem, K.M. El-Azrak, A.N.M. Nour El-Din, S.M. Sallam, T.A. Taha, M.H. Salem. Effects of Trifolium alexandrinum phytoestrogens on oestrous behaviour, ovarian activity and reproductive performance of ewes during the non-breeding season. Animal Reproduction Science. 2018; 196 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.M. Hashem; K.M. El-Azrak; A.N.M. Nour El-Din; S.M. Sallam; T.A. Taha; M.H. Salem. 2018. "Effects of Trifolium alexandrinum phytoestrogens on oestrous behaviour, ovarian activity and reproductive performance of ewes during the non-breeding season." Animal Reproduction Science 196, no. : 1-8.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 July 2018 in Domestic Animal Endocrinology
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The effects of inclusion of different sources of dietary phytoestrogens on antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance, libido, semen quality, and fertility of rabbit bucks were studied. Twenty-one, adult, fertile, V-line bucks were randomly allocated into 3 homogenous groups (n = 7/treatment) and received control diet (phytoestrogens-free diet, CON) or soybean meal isoflavones-containing diet (SMI) or linseed meal lignans-containing diet (LML) for 12 wk. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The concentrations of isoflavones in the SMI diet were 24.04 mg/100 g dry matter (DM) daidzein and 13.10 mg/100 g DM genistein. The major phytoestrogen detected in the LML diet was secoisolariciresinol (36.80 mg/100 g DM). Treatment had no effects on body weight, feed intake and rectal temperature of bucks. Compared with control, bucks fed the SMI and LML diets had higher (P < 0.001) blood plasma total antioxidant capacity (0.98 ± 0.12, 1.50 ± 0.13, and 2.29 ± 0.17 mM/L for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), and lower (P < 0.01) blood plasma malondialdehyde (2.76 ± 0.23, 1.76 ± 0.16, and 1.70 ± 0.18 nmol/mL for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), whereas activities of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were not affected. Bucks fed the SMI and LML diets had greater (P < 0.001) concentrations of blood plasma triiodothyronine. Feeding the SMI and LML diets decreased (P < 0.01) libido (8.26 ± 0.71, 12.18 ± 0.97, and 14.12 ± 1.12 s for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), sperm concentration (327.7 ± 21.6, 265.8 ± 36.8, and 226.5 ± 20.1 × 10/mL for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), testosterone (5.16 ± 0.95, 3.91 ± 0.63, and 3.04 ± 0.92 ng/mL for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), and seminal plasma fructose compared with the CON diet. The percentage of progressive motile sperm was improved (P < 0.001) by both phytoestrogen-containing diets. Feeding the SMI diet increased (P = 0.02) the percentage of live sperm compared with CON, whereas LML resulted in an intermediate value. Dietary treatment of bucks did not affect kindling rates or litter sizes of does, and did not affect birth weights or viabilities of kits. In conclusion, prolonged consumption of dietary isoflavones or lignans did not impair semen fertilizability. This may be due to the benefits of antioxidant activity or due to the benefits of other components in the diet. Dietary phytoestrogens did evoke obvious decreases in libido and steroidogenesis with altered semen parameters.

ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; M.A. Abo-Elsoud; Adel Nour El-Din; K.I. Kamel; G.A. Hassan. Prolonged exposure of dietary phytoestrogens on semen characteristics and reproductive performance of rabbit bucks. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 2018, 64, 84 -92.

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, M.A. Abo-Elsoud, Adel Nour El-Din, K.I. Kamel, G.A. Hassan. Prolonged exposure of dietary phytoestrogens on semen characteristics and reproductive performance of rabbit bucks. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2018; 64 ():84-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; M.A. Abo-Elsoud; Adel Nour El-Din; K.I. Kamel; G.A. Hassan. 2018. "Prolonged exposure of dietary phytoestrogens on semen characteristics and reproductive performance of rabbit bucks." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 64, no. : 84-92.