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Prof. Dr. Youssef A Attia
Department of Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

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0 Poultry Sciences
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Review article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Although chickens are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, several coronavirus disease outbreaks have been described concerning poultry processing facilities in different countries. The COVID-19 pandemic and the developed strain caused 2nd, 3rd, and recent Indian strain waves of epidemics that have led to unexpected consequences, such as forced reductions in demands for some industries, transportation systems, employment, and businesses due to public confinement. Besides, poultry processing plants' conditions exacerbate the risks due to the proximity on the line, cold, and humidity. Most workers do not have access to paid sick time or adequate health care, and because of the low wages, they have limited reserves to enable them to leave steady employment. In addition, workers in meat and poultry slaughterhouses may be infected through respiratory droplets in the air and/or from touching dirty surfaces or objects such as workstations, break room tables, or tools. Egg prices have increased dramatically during the lockdown as consumers have started to change their behaviors and habits. The COVID pandemic might also substantially impact the international poultry trade over the next several months. This review will focus on the effect of COVID-19 on poultry production, environmental sustainability, and earth systems from different process points of view.

ACS Style

Hafez M Hafez; Youssef A Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Maria Cristina de Oliveira. Influence of COVID-19 on the poultry production and environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 44833 -44844.

AMA Style

Hafez M Hafez, Youssef A Attia, Fulvia Bovera, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Asmaa F. Khafaga, Maria Cristina de Oliveira. Influence of COVID-19 on the poultry production and environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (33):44833-44844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafez M Hafez; Youssef A Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Maria Cristina de Oliveira. 2021. "Influence of COVID-19 on the poultry production and environment." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 33: 44833-44844.

Review
Published: 28 June 2021 in Animals
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Nanotechnology is one of the major advanced technologies applied in different fields, including agriculture, livestock, medicine, and food sectors. Nanomaterials can help maintain the sustainability of the livestock sector through improving quantitative and qualitative production of safe, healthy, and functional animal products. Given the diverse nanotechnology applications in the animal nutrition field, the use of nanomaterials opens the horizon of opportunities for enhancing feed utilization and efficiency in animal production. Nanotechnology facilitates the development of nano vehicles for nutrients (including trace minerals), allowing efficient delivery to improve digestion and absorption for better nutrient metabolism and physiology. Nanominerals are interesting alternatives for inorganic and organic minerals for animals that can substantially enhance the bioavailability and reduce pollution. Nanominerals promote antioxidant activity, and improve growth performance, reproductive performance, immune response, intestinal health, and the nutritional value of animal products. Nanominerals are also helpful for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcomes by enriching media for cryopreservation of spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos with antioxidant nanominerals. Despite the promising positive effects of nanominerals on animal performance and health, there are various challenges related to nanominerals, including their metabolism and fate in the animal’s body. Thus, the economic, legal, and ethical implications of nanomaterials must also be considered by the authority. This review highlights the benefits of including nanominerals (particularly nano-selenium and nano-zinc) in animal diets and/or cryopreservation media, focusing on modes of action, physiological effects, and the potential toxicity of their impact on human health.

ACS Style

Sameh Abdelnour; Mahmoud Alagawany; Nesrein Hashem; Mayada Farag; Etab Alghamdi; Faiz Hassan; Rana Bilal; Shaaban Elnesr; Mahmoud Dawood; Sameer Nagadi; Hamada Elwan; Abeer Almasoudi; Youssef Attia. Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles. Animals 2021, 11, 1916 .

AMA Style

Sameh Abdelnour, Mahmoud Alagawany, Nesrein Hashem, Mayada Farag, Etab Alghamdi, Faiz Hassan, Rana Bilal, Shaaban Elnesr, Mahmoud Dawood, Sameer Nagadi, Hamada Elwan, Abeer Almasoudi, Youssef Attia. Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1916.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sameh Abdelnour; Mahmoud Alagawany; Nesrein Hashem; Mayada Farag; Etab Alghamdi; Faiz Hassan; Rana Bilal; Shaaban Elnesr; Mahmoud Dawood; Sameer Nagadi; Hamada Elwan; Abeer Almasoudi; Youssef Attia. 2021. "Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles." Animals 11, no. 7: 1916.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Sustainability
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In the near future, the year 2050, agricultural production should expand to fulfill the needs of approximately 9.7 billion inhabitants. Such an objective should be harmonized with social, economic, and environmental sustainability aspects to maintain safe food production and food security worldwide. For more than a year, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised and is still strongly disrupting the agro-livestock production sector, similar to several other economic sectors. In this sector, the relationships between suppliers, producers, and consumers should always continue to maintain the activity of the production chain, which are impaired by social distancing decisions taken following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, a global cross-sectional survey (translated into four languages: Arabic, English, French, and Spanish) was shared with people belonging to the agricultural sector to identify: (1) the role of the agricultural information and communication technologies (ICTs) in agro-livestock farming systems sustainability during the period of COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the need for such technologies in the agricultural sector, and (3) the factors that affect the use of such technologies. The results showed that the most frequently used agricultural ICTs were social media (Facebook and/or WhatsApp; 27.3%) and online platforms and Internet services (26.3%), whereas robotic vehicles and/or drones (6.6%) were less frequently used. During the emergence of the pandemic, the major reasons impacting agro-livestock farming systems’ sustainability were social distancing (30.0%), shortage of labor (17.7%), maintaining precision farm management (14.8%), product marketing (14.2%), access production inputs (7.2%), and others (16.1%). Applying agricultural ICTs solved many obstacles related to the production process, such as maintaining precision farm management (25.6%), product marketing (23.6%), and access production inputs (16.1%). The subgroup analyses of the results considering the degree of country advancement, size of agribusinesses, and role/position of respondents in the farm highlighted the importance of supporting the use, availability, and awareness of agricultural ICTs at least for some groups of people such as those belong to developing countries, laborers, and small-scale agri-business holders. This cross-sectional study highlights the urgent need to turn to and to expand the use of new agricultural ICTs to meet the growing demand for food production in the world and to ensure the resilience and sustainability of farming systems, specifically under unexpected and extreme conditions.

ACS Style

Nesrein Hashem; Eman Hassanein; Jean-François Hocquette; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Fayrouz Ahmed; Youssef Attia; Khalid Asiry. Agro-Livestock Farming System Sustainability during the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Information and Communication Technologies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6521 .

AMA Style

Nesrein Hashem, Eman Hassanein, Jean-François Hocquette, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes, Fayrouz Ahmed, Youssef Attia, Khalid Asiry. Agro-Livestock Farming System Sustainability during the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Information and Communication Technologies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nesrein Hashem; Eman Hassanein; Jean-François Hocquette; Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes; Fayrouz Ahmed; Youssef Attia; Khalid Asiry. 2021. "Agro-Livestock Farming System Sustainability during the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Information and Communication Technologies." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6521.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Agriculture
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To evaluate in possible use of phytases for improving the utilization of low protein and energy diets, 420, one-day-old chicks were distributed among 7 groups (5 replicates of 12 chicks/group). During the starter (1–35 day), grower (37–56 day), and finisher (57–64 day) periods, the control group fed diets containing 21.2% crude protein (CP)-2947 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME), 19.6 CP-3023 ME and 18.0 CP-3100 ME, respectively. The three low-CP groups received diets isocaloric but with −1% CP than the control, while the three low-CPME groups fed diets with −1% CP and −100 Kcal than the control. In addition, the low-CP and low-CPME groups were supplemented with 0 (low-CP_uns and low-CPME_uns), 500 U/kg of an Aspergillus niger (low-CP_AP and low-CPME_AP) or 500 FTU/kg of an Escherichia coli phytase (low-CP_EP and low-CPME_EP), respectively. Low-CP and low-CPME diets decreased (p < 0.01) the intake of feed as well as the protein and metabolizable energy conversion ratios in comparison to the control group. In general, phytases lowered (p < 0.01) the intake of feed, protein, and energy, but bacterial phytase showed a higher (p < 0.01) effect than A. niger one. The diets with low-CP and low-CPME levels decreased (p < 0.01) the amount of the excreta nitrogen. The supplementation of phytases had similar effects on digestibility of nutrients, carcass traits, bone mineralization and blood biochemistry. The supplementation of A. niger increased abdominal fat deposition of compared low-CPME diet compared to low-CPME_uns diet. All diets showed similar production index allowing the use of low-CPME diet when phytases was supplemented.

ACS Style

Youssef Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Mohammed Al-Harthi; Abd El-Din; Walaa Said Selim. Supplementation of Microbial and Fungal Phytases to Low Protein and Energy Diets: Effects on Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Profiles of Broilers. Agriculture 2021, 11, 414 .

AMA Style

Youssef Attia, Fulvia Bovera, Mohammed Al-Harthi, Abd El-Din, Walaa Said Selim. Supplementation of Microbial and Fungal Phytases to Low Protein and Energy Diets: Effects on Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Profiles of Broilers. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (5):414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Mohammed Al-Harthi; Abd El-Din; Walaa Said Selim. 2021. "Supplementation of Microbial and Fungal Phytases to Low Protein and Energy Diets: Effects on Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Profiles of Broilers." Agriculture 11, no. 5: 414.

Review
Published: 15 April 2021 in Animals
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Several by-products, such as whole cull dates, date stones (also called pits, seeds, kernels), sugar-extracted date pulp, are produced from date fruit processing industries. These by-products, particularly date stone meal represent 10 to 20% of the whole dates are wasted, causing environmental issues. However, the date stone is rich in various nutrients, such as nitrogen-free extract, fiber, fat, and minerals, which could be used as an alternative feed source in poultry nutrition. However, the high fiber content in date stone meal restricts its use in poultry diets. Whole date wastes and date pulp have lower protein, fiber and fat content than those in date stone meal. Several studies have investigated the use of date stone meal and other by-products as a replacement of dietary corn and barley on feed intake, growth, feed efficiency, and nutrient utilization in poultry. The compilation of results obtained from different studies indicates that date fruit by-products, particularly date stone meal, could be incorporated up to 10% levels, replacing corn or barley grains without hampering production performance, and this could reduce the production cost. Moreover, the use of date stone meal at lower levels (5–10%) sometimes shows better growth performance, probably due to the presence of bioactive principles such as antioxidants and phenolic compounds. The use of date stone meal in poultry diets may be practically important under certain circumstances not only under the COVID-19 crisis due to the lockdown of airports, dry ports, ports and traffic restrictions, but also in countries with a limited supply of classical feed resources and which depend on imported ones. Finally, it can recommend that using date stone meal (DSM) up to 5–10% in poultry diets positively affect the productive performance. Due to the variability in the nutritive value of the DSM, developing a formula for metabolizable energy (ME) of DSM = a (intercept) − b (slope) × crude fiber (CF) content should be considered to improve the precision of feed formula for poultry. However, the nutritional value of DSM might not only depend on crude fiber but also on other compounds.

ACS Style

Adel Attia; Fayiz Reda; Amlan Patra; Shaaban Elnesr; Youssef Attia; Mahmoud Alagawany. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products: Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value and Applications in Poultry Nutrition, an Updating Review. Animals 2021, 11, 1133 .

AMA Style

Adel Attia, Fayiz Reda, Amlan Patra, Shaaban Elnesr, Youssef Attia, Mahmoud Alagawany. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products: Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value and Applications in Poultry Nutrition, an Updating Review. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):1133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel Attia; Fayiz Reda; Amlan Patra; Shaaban Elnesr; Youssef Attia; Mahmoud Alagawany. 2021. "Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products: Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value and Applications in Poultry Nutrition, an Updating Review." Animals 11, no. 4: 1133.

Review
Published: 01 April 2021 in Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
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In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) that began in China had infected so far more than 109,217,366 million individuals worldwide and accounted for more than 2,413,912 fatalities. With the dawn of this novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), there was a requirement to select potential therapies that might effectively kill the virus, accelerate the recovery, or decrease the case fatality rate. Besides the currently available antiviral medications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), the chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) regimen with or without azithromycin has been repurposed in China and was recommended by the National Health Commission, China in mid-February 2020. By this time, the selection of this regimen was based on its efficacy against the previous SARS-CoV-1 virus and its potential to inhibit viral replication of the SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. There was a shortage of robust clinical proof about the effectiveness of this regimen against the novel SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, extensive research effort has been made by several researchers worldwide to investigate whether this regimen is safe and effective for the management of COVID-19. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the CQ/HCQ regimen, summarizing data from in vitro studies and clinical trials for the protection against or the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Despite the initial promising results from the in vitro studies and the widespread use of CQ/HCQ in clinical settings during the 1st wave of COVID-19, current data from well-designed randomized controlled trials showed no evidence of benefit from CQ/HCQ supplementation for the treatment or prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particularly, the two largest randomized controlled trials to date (RECOVERY and WHO SOLIDARITY trials), both confirmed that CQ/HCQ regimen does not provide any clinical benefit for COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we do not recommend the use of this regimen in COVID-19 patients outside the context of clinical trials.

ACS Style

Sultan Am Saghir; Naif A AlGabri; Mahmoud M Alagawany; Youssef A Attia; Salem R Alyileili; Shaaban S Elnesr; Manal E Shafi; Omar Ya Al-Shargi; Nader Al-Balagi; Abdullah S Alwajeeh; Omar Sa Alsalahi; Amlan K Patra; Asmaa F Khafaga; Ahmed Negida; Ahmed Noreldin; Wesam Al-Amarat; Amer A Almaiman; Khaled A El-Tarabily; Mohamed E Abd El-Hack. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Fiction, Hope or Hype? An Updated Review. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2021, ume 17, 371 -387.

AMA Style

Sultan Am Saghir, Naif A AlGabri, Mahmoud M Alagawany, Youssef A Attia, Salem R Alyileili, Shaaban S Elnesr, Manal E Shafi, Omar Ya Al-Shargi, Nader Al-Balagi, Abdullah S Alwajeeh, Omar Sa Alsalahi, Amlan K Patra, Asmaa F Khafaga, Ahmed Negida, Ahmed Noreldin, Wesam Al-Amarat, Amer A Almaiman, Khaled A El-Tarabily, Mohamed E Abd El-Hack. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Fiction, Hope or Hype? An Updated Review. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2021; ume 17 ():371-387.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sultan Am Saghir; Naif A AlGabri; Mahmoud M Alagawany; Youssef A Attia; Salem R Alyileili; Shaaban S Elnesr; Manal E Shafi; Omar Ya Al-Shargi; Nader Al-Balagi; Abdullah S Alwajeeh; Omar Sa Alsalahi; Amlan K Patra; Asmaa F Khafaga; Ahmed Negida; Ahmed Noreldin; Wesam Al-Amarat; Amer A Almaiman; Khaled A El-Tarabily; Mohamed E Abd El-Hack. 2021. "Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Fiction, Hope or Hype? An Updated Review." Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management ume 17, no. : 371-387.

Review article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Diseases negatively impact the environment, causing many health risks and the spread of pollution and hazards. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a recent respiratory syndrome epidemic in humans. In December 2019, the sudden emergence of this new coronavirus and the subsequent severe disease it causes created a serious global health threat and hazards. This is in contrast to the two aforementioned coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 (in 2002) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV (in 2012), which were much more easily contained. The World Health Organization (WHO) dubbed this contagious respiratory disease an “epidemic outbreak” in March 2020. More than 80 companies and research institutions worldwide are working together, in cooperation with many governmental agencies, to develop an effective vaccine. To date, six authorized vaccines have been registered. Up till now, no approved drugs and drug scientists are racing from development to clinical trials to find new drugs for COVID-19. Wild animals, such as snakes, bats, and pangolins are the main sources of coronaviruses, as determined by the sequence homology between MERS-CoV and viruses in these animals. Human infection is caused by inhalation of respiratory droplets. To date, the only available treatment protocol for COVID-19 is based on the prevalent clinical signs. This review aims to summarize the current information regarding the origin, evolution, genomic organization, epidemiology, and molecular and cellular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the diagnostic and treatment approaches for COVID-19 and its impact on global health, environment, and economy.

ACS Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohamed T. El-Saadony; Ayman A. Swelum; Shaza Y.A. Qattan; Adel D. Al-Qurashi; Khalid A. Asiry; Manal E. Shafi; Ahmed R. Elbestawy; Ahmed R. Gado; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Elsayed O.S. Hussein; Hani Ba-Awadh; Ruchi Tiwari; Kuldeep Dhama; Bakr Alhussaini; Salem R. Alyileili; Khaled A. El-Tarabily; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. COVID-19: pathogenesis, advances in treatment and vaccine development and environmental impact—an updated review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 22241 -22264.

AMA Style

Youssef A. Attia, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Ayman A. Swelum, Shaza Y.A. Qattan, Adel D. Al-Qurashi, Khalid A. Asiry, Manal E. Shafi, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Ahmed R. Gado, Asmaa F. Khafaga, Elsayed O.S. Hussein, Hani Ba-Awadh, Ruchi Tiwari, Kuldeep Dhama, Bakr Alhussaini, Salem R. Alyileili, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. COVID-19: pathogenesis, advances in treatment and vaccine development and environmental impact—an updated review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (18):22241-22264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohamed T. El-Saadony; Ayman A. Swelum; Shaza Y.A. Qattan; Adel D. Al-Qurashi; Khalid A. Asiry; Manal E. Shafi; Ahmed R. Elbestawy; Ahmed R. Gado; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Elsayed O.S. Hussein; Hani Ba-Awadh; Ruchi Tiwari; Kuldeep Dhama; Bakr Alhussaini; Salem R. Alyileili; Khaled A. El-Tarabily; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. 2021. "COVID-19: pathogenesis, advances in treatment and vaccine development and environmental impact—an updated review." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 18: 22241-22264.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in Animals
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Effects of dietary supplemental zinc and/ or selenium enriched spirulina (Zn-Sp, Se-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp, respectively) as antioxidants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma biochemicals and antioxidant status of growing rabbits under summer conditions were evaluated. A total of 160 New Zealand White male rabbits at six-weeks-old were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group received untreated diet (control). The other groups received diet supplemented with 100 mg Zn-Sp/kg diet, 0.5 mg Se-Sp/kg diet or 100 mg Zn-Sp+ 0.5 mg Se-Sp, respectively. The findings showed that the supplemented diets enhanced growth performance of rabbits at marketing. Rabbits fed Zn-Sp exhibited high dry and organic matter digestibilities while those fed Zn-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp diet supplemented achieved high crude protein digestibility. Rabbits fed diet supplemented with Zn-Se-Sp gave the highest hot carcass weight when competed with their counterparts. Zn-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp supplemented diets tended to promote dressing percentage. Low concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were recorded by Se-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp groups. Rabbits fed Se-Sp, Zn-Se-Sp had the greatest HDL, plasma TAC and catalase and the lowest TBARs. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of 100 mg Zn-Sp, 0.5 mg Se-Sp or their combination could improve growth performance, nutrients digestibility and antioxidant status of heat stressed growing rabbits.

ACS Style

Fawzia Hassan; Samia Mobarez; Manal Mohamed; Youssef Attia; Aml Mekawy; Khalid Mahrose. Zinc and/or Selenium Enriched Spirulina as Antioxidants in Growing Rabbit Diets to Alleviate the Deleterious Impacts of Heat Stress during Summer Season. Animals 2021, 11, 756 .

AMA Style

Fawzia Hassan, Samia Mobarez, Manal Mohamed, Youssef Attia, Aml Mekawy, Khalid Mahrose. Zinc and/or Selenium Enriched Spirulina as Antioxidants in Growing Rabbit Diets to Alleviate the Deleterious Impacts of Heat Stress during Summer Season. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fawzia Hassan; Samia Mobarez; Manal Mohamed; Youssef Attia; Aml Mekawy; Khalid Mahrose. 2021. "Zinc and/or Selenium Enriched Spirulina as Antioxidants in Growing Rabbit Diets to Alleviate the Deleterious Impacts of Heat Stress during Summer Season." Animals 11, no. 3: 756.

Review article
Published: 08 January 2021 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) has raised considerable concern on the entire planet. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic infection, and by March 18, 2020, it has spread to 146 countries. The first internal defense line against numerous diseases is personalized immunity. Although it cannot be claimed that personalized nutrition will have an immediate impact on a global pandemic, as the nutritional interventions required a long time to induce beneficial outcomes on immunity development, nutritional strategies are still able to clarify and have a beneficial influence on the interplay between physiology and diet, which could make a positive contribution to the condition in the next period. As such, a specific goal for every practitioner is to evaluate different tests to perceive the status of the patient, such as markers of inflammation, insulin regulation, and nutrient status, and to detect possible imbalances or deficiencies. During the process of disease development, the supplementation and addition of different nutrients and nutraceuticals can influence not only the viral replication but also the cellular mechanisms. It is essential to understand that every patient has its individual needs. Even though many nutrients, nutraceuticals, and drugs have beneficial effects on the immune response and can prevent or ameliorate viral infections, it is essential to detect at what stage in COVID-19 progression the patient is at the moment and decide what kind of nutrition intervention is necessary. Furthermore, understanding the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection is critical to make proper recommendations.

ACS Style

Mahmoud Alagawany; Youssef A. Attia; Mayada R. Farag; Shaaban S. Elnesr; Sameer A. Nagadi; Manal E. Shafi; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Husein Ohran; Abdulaziz A. Alaqil; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. The Strategy of Boosting the Immune System Under the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021, 7, 570748 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud Alagawany, Youssef A. Attia, Mayada R. Farag, Shaaban S. Elnesr, Sameer A. Nagadi, Manal E. Shafi, Asmaa F. Khafaga, Husein Ohran, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. The Strategy of Boosting the Immune System Under the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021; 7 ():570748.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud Alagawany; Youssef A. Attia; Mayada R. Farag; Shaaban S. Elnesr; Sameer A. Nagadi; Manal E. Shafi; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Husein Ohran; Abdulaziz A. Alaqil; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. 2021. "The Strategy of Boosting the Immune System Under the COVID-19 Pandemic." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 570748.

Review
Published: 01 January 2021 in Veterinary Quarterly
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in China from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus Rhinolophus. Following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, SARS-CoV-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. Results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, white-tailed deer, rabbits, Egyptian fruit bats, and Syrian hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that cat-to-cat and ferret-to-ferret transmission can take place via contact and air. However, natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported only in pet dogs and cats, tigers, lions, snow leopards, pumas, and gorillas at zoos, and farmed mink and ferrets. Even though human-to-animal spillover has been reported at several instances, SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animals-to-humans has only been reported from mink-to-humans in mink farms. Following the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the mink population, a new mink-associated SARS-CoV-2 variant emerged that was identified in both humans and mink. The increasing reports of SARS-CoV-2 in carnivores indicate the higher susceptibility of animal species belonging to this order. The sporadic reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic and wild animal species require further investigation to determine if SARS-CoV-2 or related Betacoronaviruses can get established in kept, feral or wild animal populations, which may eventually act as viral reservoirs. This review analyzes the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in domestic and wild animal species and their possible implications on public health.

ACS Style

Khan Sharun; Kuldeep Dhama; Abhijit M. Pawde; Christian Gortázar; Ruchi Tiwari; D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana; Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales; José de la Fuente; Izabela Michalak; Youssef A. Attia. SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. Veterinary Quarterly 2021, 41, 181 -201.

AMA Style

Khan Sharun, Kuldeep Dhama, Abhijit M. Pawde, Christian Gortázar, Ruchi Tiwari, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, José de la Fuente, Izabela Michalak, Youssef A. Attia. SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. Veterinary Quarterly. 2021; 41 (1):181-201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan Sharun; Kuldeep Dhama; Abhijit M. Pawde; Christian Gortázar; Ruchi Tiwari; D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana; Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales; José de la Fuente; Izabela Michalak; Youssef A. Attia. 2021. "SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications." Veterinary Quarterly 41, no. 1: 181-201.

Papers
Published: 01 January 2021 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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In total, 144 Arbour Acres broiler chickens were distributed among four treatment groups (six replicates per treatment; six chickens per replicate) during days 20–40 of age. The chickens were offered iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets containing four dietary oil levels (DOL): 0 (oil non-supplemented diet, control), 2, 4, and 6% in a relatively low-energy diet (12.4 MJ ME/kg diet). During the experimental period, the chickens were reared under natural hot weather conditions (32.5 ± 4 °C, 54 ± 7% relative humidity). Growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein (PCR), metabolisable energy (MECR) ratio, and European production efficiency index (EPEI) were similar among groups fed up to 4% DOL but raising DOL to 6% impaired these traits. Besides, DOL at 6% decreased digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and ash. Furthermore, a 6% DOL showed the lowest digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and ash. Dressing percentage was the highest in 2%, and abdominal fat percentage showed the same trend in 6% DOL, but the gizzard percentage was the lowest in 6% DOL. The liver percentage increased significantly with fat/oil inclusion compared to the control. Meat dry matter and either extract increased considerably due to offering different DOLs, with maximum values at 6%. The inclusion of dietary oils in diets significantly increased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) but decreased serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC)/MDA ratio compared to the 0% DOL. In conclusion, under natural summer conditions, from 20 to 40 days of age, broilers' best productive characteristics were achieved using 0-2% DOL, and the best immune response was obtained for 4–6% DOL.

ACS Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Saber Sh. Hassan. Responses of broiler chicken to different oil levels within constant energy levels from 20 to 40 days of age under hot weather conditions. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 664 -676.

AMA Style

Youssef A. Attia, Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, Saber Sh. Hassan. Responses of broiler chicken to different oil levels within constant energy levels from 20 to 40 days of age under hot weather conditions. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):664-676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Saber Sh. Hassan. 2021. "Responses of broiler chicken to different oil levels within constant energy levels from 20 to 40 days of age under hot weather conditions." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 664-676.

Review article
Published: 20 October 2020 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Coronaviruses are the causative agents of many infectious diseases in human and animals. These included severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian infectious bronchitis (IBV) in poultry, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. These results had considerable death burdens and negative influences on social–economic life. Since the appearance of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, continuous investigations have been carried out by researchers to find active compounds, mainly from plants, as natural sources, that could inhibit or stop the proliferation of the causative agent of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). The most common symptoms caused by infections with COVID-19 can include cough, fever, and sore throat. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of active antiviral compounds for treating different strains of coronavirus. Herbal medicine is a class of medication that originates from nature and is aimed at decreasing the use of preservatives, excipients, or other additives and, consequently, lesser side effects. The rapid spread of COVID-19 infection besides the lack of knowledge about any treatments and the growing concern of the public from the virus directed us toward writing this review article in an aim to provide alternatives to the allopathic medicine use. There is a wealth of chemical diversity in the naturally existing compounds, including their antiviral activities, which may encourage their utilization as therapeutics against viral infections, including coronaviruses. The majority of publications on the herbal remedies of coronavirus, MERS, or SARS focused primarily on the use of polar compounds. These substances displayed encouraging inhibitory influences on coronavirus in humans. These include psoralidin, scutellarein, silvestrol, tryptanthrin, caffeic acid, quercetin, myricetin, saikosaponin B2, griffithsin (lectins), and isobavachalcone. Some other agents like lycorine may be useful, if the antiviral activity is obtained by concentrations below the toxic plasma levels. According to the available literatures, the most promising inhibitors of coronaviruses are polyphenolic compounds, which are small molecules with conjugated fused ring structures.

ACS Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mahmoud M. Alagawany; Mayada R. Farag; Fatmah M. Alkhatib; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim; Khalid A. Asiry; Noura M. Mesalam; Manal E. Shafi; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. Phytogenic Products and Phytochemicals as a Candidate Strategy to Improve Tolerance to Coronavirus. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 573159 .

AMA Style

Youssef A. Attia, Mahmoud M. Alagawany, Mayada R. Farag, Fatmah M. Alkhatib, Asmaa F. Khafaga, Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim, Khalid A. Asiry, Noura M. Mesalam, Manal E. Shafi, Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. Phytogenic Products and Phytochemicals as a Candidate Strategy to Improve Tolerance to Coronavirus. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7 ():573159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mahmoud M. Alagawany; Mayada R. Farag; Fatmah M. Alkhatib; Asmaa F. Khafaga; Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim; Khalid A. Asiry; Noura M. Mesalam; Manal E. Shafi; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. 2020. "Phytogenic Products and Phytochemicals as a Candidate Strategy to Improve Tolerance to Coronavirus." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 573159.

Review
Published: 26 August 2020 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Poultry immunity, health, and production are several factors that challenge the future growth of the poultry industry. Consumer confidence, product quality and safety, types of products, and the emergence and re-emergence of diseases will continue to be major challenges to the current situation and the strategic future of the industry. Foodborne and zoonotic diseases are strictly linked with poultry. Eradication, elimination, and/or control of foodborne and zoonotic pathogens present a major challenge to the poultry industry. In addition, the public health hazards from consuming foods with high antibiotic residues will remain a critical issue. The theory of poultry production described in this review will not be limited to considering disease control. Rather, it will also incorporate the interconnection of the animals' health, welfare, and immunity. It is essential to know that chickens are not susceptible to intranasal infection by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic will affect poultry consumption, transport, and the economics of poultry farming. It will also take into consideration economic, ethical, social dimensions, and the sustenance of the accomplishment of high environmental security. Stockholders, veterinarians, farmers, and all the partners of the chain of poultry production need to be more involved in the current situation and the strategic future of the industry to fulfill human demands and ensure sustainable agriculture. Thus, the present review explores these important tasks.

ACS Style

Hafez M. Hafez; Youssef A. Attia. Challenges to the Poultry Industry: Current Perspectives and Strategic Future After the COVID-19 Outbreak. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Hafez M. Hafez, Youssef A. Attia. Challenges to the Poultry Industry: Current Perspectives and Strategic Future After the COVID-19 Outbreak. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafez M. Hafez; Youssef A. Attia. 2020. "Challenges to the Poultry Industry: Current Perspectives and Strategic Future After the COVID-19 Outbreak." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 30 July 2020 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Productive traits and immunity in laying hens decrease sharply during the late phase of laying due to aging, which negatively affects the metabolism and hormonal status of the animals. The influence of Ca levels (3.5, 4.0, and 4.5%) and/or cholecalciferol [Vitamin D3 (VD3)] supplementation (800-, 1,000-, and 1,200-IU/kg diet or as total of 3,800, 4,000, and 4,200 IC VD3) on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and immunity of brown egg layers was investigated. Three hundred and sixty H&N Brown egg layers (60 weeks old) were allocated at random into nine nutritional treatments of five replications (cages) of eight hens each. The control diet in this experiment contained a 3.5% Ca level with 800 IU VD3. The addition of VD3 at 1,000 and 1,200 IU to 3.5 and 4% Ca diets significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the rate of laying, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control diet on 3.5% and 800 U of VD3. Besides this, the addition of VD3 at 800 and 1,200 IU to 3.5% Ca level diets enhanced the Haugh unit score. Similar results were observed in eggshell quality measurements and tibia ash. Increasing the Ca concentration from 3.5 to 4 and 4.5% and increasing VD3 levels from 800 to 1,000 or 1,200 IU significantly and similarly increased serum total protein and globulin. In addition, VD3 at 1,000 IU increased serum albumin, compared to 800 IU. Increasing Ca level increased IgA, and 4 and 4.5% Ca levels similarly increased IgG and α-2 globulin compared to the 3.5% Ca diet. VD3 addition at 1,200 IU to the 4% Ca diet significantly increased γ-globulin compared to 1,000 IU, but decreased β-globulin. Increasing the Ca level to 4% significantly reduced serum triglycerides, and the very low-density lipoprotein and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio were both decreased with 4 and 4.5% Ca level diets. Increasing the Ca level caused a stepwise increase in catalase, which was markedly increased with VD3 supplementation at 1,200 IU. Plasma estrogen was increased considerably with VD3 supplementation at 3.5% Ca, but parathyroid hormone levels were not affected. In conclusion, increasing Ca levels in the diet of laying hens to 4% during the late production phase could be a useful tool to improve laying performance, eggshell quality, Haugh unit score, and physiological and immunological status. Besides, VD3 at a 1,000 IU/kg diet to 3.5% Ca improved performance of hens fed 3.5% Ca, showing that the potential impact of VD3 depends on Ca concentrations.

ACS Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Hayam M. Abo El-Maaty. Calcium and Cholecalciferol Levels in Late-Phase Laying Hens: Effects on Productive Traits, Egg Quality, Blood Biochemistry, and Immune Responses. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 389 .

AMA Style

Youssef A. Attia, Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, Hayam M. Abo El-Maaty. Calcium and Cholecalciferol Levels in Late-Phase Laying Hens: Effects on Productive Traits, Egg Quality, Blood Biochemistry, and Immune Responses. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7 ():389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Hayam M. Abo El-Maaty. 2020. "Calcium and Cholecalciferol Levels in Late-Phase Laying Hens: Effects on Productive Traits, Egg Quality, Blood Biochemistry, and Immune Responses." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 389.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2020 in Animals
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-protein diets with amino acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality and nitrogen excretion of broilers raised under hot climate conditions during the finisher period. In trial 1, broilers from 28 to 49 days of age were fed 18% crude protein (CP) as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with (1) DL-methionine (Met) + L-lysine (Lys), (2) Met + Lys + L-Arginine (Arg), or (3) Met + Lys + L-Valine (Val). In trial 2, broilers from 30 to 45 days of age, were fed an 18% CP diet as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with Met, Lys, Arg, Val, L-Isoleucine (Ile) or combination with glycine (Gly) and/or urea as nitrogen sources: (1) Met + Lys, (2) Met + Lys + Arg, (3) Met + Lys + Val, (4) Met + Lys + Ile, (5) Met + Lys + Arg +Val + Ile + Gly, and (6) Met+ Lys + Arg + Val + Ile + Gly + urea. Protein use was improved by feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets as compared to the high-protein diet. Feeding 15% crude protein diet supplemented with only methionine and lysine had no negative effects on carcass yield, CP, total lipids and moisture% of breast meat while decreasing nitrogen excretion by 21%.

ACS Style

Youssef A. Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Jinquan Wang; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Woo Kyun Kim. Multiple Amino Acid Supplementations to Low-Protein Diets: Effect on Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Broilers under Hot Climate Conditions. Animals 2020, 10, 973 .

AMA Style

Youssef A. Attia, Fulvia Bovera, Jinquan Wang, Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, Woo Kyun Kim. Multiple Amino Acid Supplementations to Low-Protein Diets: Effect on Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Broilers under Hot Climate Conditions. Animals. 2020; 10 (6):973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef A. Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Jinquan Wang; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Woo Kyun Kim. 2020. "Multiple Amino Acid Supplementations to Low-Protein Diets: Effect on Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Broilers under Hot Climate Conditions." Animals 10, no. 6: 973.

Original research article
Published: 28 April 2020 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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This research evaluate the influence of different oil sources, namely fish oil (FO), coconut oil (CocO), canola oil (CanO), or a mixture of the three oils (MTO)—included at 1.5% in broiler diets—compared to a no oil-supplemented diet. Hence, 250 unsexed, 1-day-old Cobb chicks were weighed and randomly allocated into five dietary treatment groups of 50 chicks each and five replicates per group. Oil-supplemented diets significantly increased the growth, improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and decreased the abdominal fat percentage compared to the control diet. Amylase was significantly elevated due to feeding the FO- or CocO-supplemented-diet compared to the control diet, whereas lipase increased due to offering CocO- and CanO-enriched diet; chymotrypsin increased due to different oil sources. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased markedly due to offering an oil-supplemented diet, but low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio, and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Blood plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM significantly increased due to feeding CocO, CanO, or MTO compared to the control group, whereas FO increased IgG only. FO- and CanO-containing diets resulted in the highest increase in α2-globulin and γ-globulin. The antibody titer to avian influenza (HIAI) and Newcastle disease (HIND) were significantly elevated due to CocO supplementation compared to the control group. The bursa follicle length and width and thymus cortex depth were increased considerably due to the FO-supplemented diet compared to the control, but the follicle length:width ratio decreased. The villus height:depth ratio was significantly elevated due to both the CanO and MTO diets. The antioxidant status improved considerably due to the addition of CocO and CanO. Both CanO and MTO similarly increased plasma T3, T4, and the T3:T4 ratio. In conclusion, oil supplementations at 1.5% enhanced growth performance and immune status, improved the blood lipid profile and antioxidants status, and the effect of the oil sources depends on the criteria of response.

ACS Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Hayam M. Abo El-Maaty. The Effects of Different Oil Sources on Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Carcass Traits, Biochemical, Immunological, Antioxidant, and Morphometric Responses of Broiler Chicks. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 181 .

AMA Style

Youssef A. Attia, Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, Hayam M. Abo El-Maaty. The Effects of Different Oil Sources on Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Carcass Traits, Biochemical, Immunological, Antioxidant, and Morphometric Responses of Broiler Chicks. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7 ():181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef A. Attia; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Hayam M. Abo El-Maaty. 2020. "The Effects of Different Oil Sources on Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Carcass Traits, Biochemical, Immunological, Antioxidant, and Morphometric Responses of Broiler Chicks." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 181.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Animals
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We assessed the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ni in chicken meat and meat products, feed, and litter, as well as laying hens’ eggs, feed and litter to monitor the quality of products on the market and their safety for human consumption as judged by recommended daily allowance (RDA) and tolerable upper levels. Samples were chosen as the most popular poultry products in Saudi Arabia. A total of 45 broiler samples of frozen or fresh meat, liver, burger, or frankfurter were chosen from the same brand. Additionally, 60 table eggs from four commercial brands were collected, and the edible parts of these were used to determine levels of minerals and toxic elements. Furthermore, 30 feed and litter samples were collected from the starter, grower, and layer diets of broilers and laying hens. The results indicated that there were significant levels of most of the trace elements and heavy metals in the different meat sources. Furthermore, the liver contained the highest levels of elements, except for Cr, Co, and Ni. The highest Cr level was detected in the fresh meat, followed by frozen meat. Trace elements (Mn and Co) and heavy metals (Ni and Pb) were not detected in either the frozen or the fresh meat. The chicken burger and the frankfurter exhibited similar trace-element and heavy-metal contents, except for Zn and Mn, as the frankfurter showed higher concentrations than the burger. Differences in most of the trace and toxic elements among the different sources of eggs were not found to be significant, except for Zn. Differences between the broiler meat and table eggs were only substantial for Fe and Zn. Fe was significantly higher in meat than in eggs, and the opposite trend was found for Zn. The liver contained higher heavy metals than the eggs, except for Cr. In addition, the burger had higher concentrations of essential (Cu and Co) and heavy metals (Pb and Ni) than the eggs but had lower levels of Zn and Cr. The frankfurter exhibited significantly higher levels of Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Pb, and Ni than the eggs but lower levels of Zn and Cr. To summarize, Cd, Pb, As, and Se were not detected in the broiler meat or eggs, indicating no risks from these toxic elements. Conversely, the liver exhibited the highest content of heavy metals, except for Cr, indicating that the intake of Pb and Cd was above the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for adults. The meat products exhibited higher Pb, Cd, and Ni levels than the broiler meat and the table eggs, suggesting that they posed a health threat to humans, and the intake of Pb in the meat products was higher than the RDA. Thus, chicken meat and table eggs, which are primary protein sources, are safe sources of human nutrition, while liver and meat products may present potential health hazards through the food chain.

ACS Style

Mohamed A. Korish; Youssef A. Attia. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content in Feed, Litter, Meat, Meat Products, Liver, and Table Eggs of Chickens. Animals 2020, 10, 727 .

AMA Style

Mohamed A. Korish, Youssef A. Attia. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content in Feed, Litter, Meat, Meat Products, Liver, and Table Eggs of Chickens. Animals. 2020; 10 (4):727.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed A. Korish; Youssef A. Attia. 2020. "Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content in Feed, Litter, Meat, Meat Products, Liver, and Table Eggs of Chickens." Animals 10, no. 4: 727.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2020 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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ACS Style

Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Youssef A. Attia; Ali S. El-Shafey; Mohamed F. Elgandy. Impact of phytase on improving the utilisation of pelleted broiler diets containing olive by-products. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 310 -318.

AMA Style

Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, Youssef A. Attia, Ali S. El-Shafey, Mohamed F. Elgandy. Impact of phytase on improving the utilisation of pelleted broiler diets containing olive by-products. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):310-318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Youssef A. Attia; Ali S. El-Shafey; Mohamed F. Elgandy. 2020. "Impact of phytase on improving the utilisation of pelleted broiler diets containing olive by-products." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 310-318.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2020 in Animals
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A total of 420 day old chicks were divided into seven groups (5 replicates of 12 chicks/group) fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. The control group was fed diets containing 0.50%, 0.45% and 0.40% of non-phytic phosphorous (nPP) in starter (1–35), grower (37–56) and finisher (57–64 d) periods, respectively. The three intermediate nPP (IntnPP) groups were fed diets with 0.40%, 0.35% and 0.30% nPP according to the growth period and were submitted to three dietary treatments: unsupplemented; supplemented with 500 FTU/kg diet of an Aspergillus niger phytase (IntnPP_fp) and supplemented with 500 FTU/kg diet of an Escherichia coli phytase (IntnPP_bp). The three low nPP groups fed diets contained 0.30%, 0.25% and 0.20% nPP and were submitted to the same dietary treatments than IntnPP to obtain LnPP, LnPP_fp and LnPP_bp groups. IntnPP and LnPP groups had lower body weight gain and feed, crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake (p < 0.05) than the control. Feed conversion ratio of IntnPP was more favorable (p < 0.01) than the LnPP group. CP and ME conversion ratios worsened (p < 0.01) in IntnPP and LnPP groups in comparison to the control. The nPP conversion ratio improved (p < 0.01) from the control to the LnPP group. Fungal phytase reduced (p < 0.05) feed, CP, ME and nPP intake than the bacterial one. IntnPP and LnPP diets had a lower digestibility of CP (p < 0.01) and CF (p = 0.01) than the control. IntnPP and LnPP groups showed a higher (p < 0.05) economic efficiency than the control. Blood total protein was the lowest (p < 0.05) in the LnPP group, the control group showed the lowest (p < 0.05) level of albumin and IntnPP group had the lowest (p < 0.01) globulin level. The use of bacterial phytase increased (p < 0.01) total protein and globulin and decreased (p < 0.05) the plasma cholesterol in comparison to fungal phytase. Decreasing nPP levels in colored slow-growing broilers diet negatively affects growth performance and the use of phytase can partly alleviate these negative effects, but the efficiency of different enzyme sources (bacterial or fungal) was tied to the dietary nPP levels.

ACS Style

Youssef A. Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Francesco Iannaccone; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Abdulaziz A. Alaqil; Hassan S. Zeweil; Ali E. Mansour. Microbial and Fungal Phytases Can Affect Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profile of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Non-Phytic Phosphorous. Animals 2020, 10, 580 .

AMA Style

Youssef A. Attia, Fulvia Bovera, Francesco Iannaccone, Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil, Hassan S. Zeweil, Ali E. Mansour. Microbial and Fungal Phytases Can Affect Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profile of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Non-Phytic Phosphorous. Animals. 2020; 10 (4):580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youssef A. Attia; Fulvia Bovera; Francesco Iannaccone; Mohammed A. Al-Harthi; Abdulaziz A. Alaqil; Hassan S. Zeweil; Ali E. Mansour. 2020. "Microbial and Fungal Phytases Can Affect Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profile of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Non-Phytic Phosphorous." Animals 10, no. 4: 580.

Original research article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) seed meal with or without probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) in broiler diets on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal and immune organs, and gut morphology. Three experimental diets containing 0, 20, and 30% of blue lupine, with or without probiotics, were formulated and fed to 144 day (d)-old Ross 308 broiler chickens. Overall, chicks fed blue lupine meal diets, especially at the 30% rate, showed improved growth, feed performance parameters, and carcass characteristics in comparison to chicks fed a soybean meal-based diet. For example, a 30% blue lupine diet resulted in a significant increase in the duodenum length percentage of 35 d-old broilers; the addition of probiotics had no—effects on the dressing, thigh, and leg percentages of 21- and 35 d-old broilers and the drumstick and leg percentages of 35 d-old broilers. In conclusion, a 30% blue lupine seed diet with the addition of probiotics could provide a cheap source of protein without negative effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune organs and gut morphology of broilers.

ACS Style

Ahmed A. Al-Sagan; Abdullah H. Al-Yemni; Abdulaziz A. Al-Abdullatif; Youssef A. Attia; Elsayed O. S Hussein. Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Blue Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) Seed Meal With or Without Probiotics on the Performance, Carcass Criteria, Immune Organs, and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 124 .

AMA Style

Ahmed A. Al-Sagan, Abdullah H. Al-Yemni, Abdulaziz A. Al-Abdullatif, Youssef A. Attia, Elsayed O. S Hussein. Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Blue Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) Seed Meal With or Without Probiotics on the Performance, Carcass Criteria, Immune Organs, and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7 ():124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed A. Al-Sagan; Abdullah H. Al-Yemni; Abdulaziz A. Al-Abdullatif; Youssef A. Attia; Elsayed O. S Hussein. 2020. "Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Blue Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) Seed Meal With or Without Probiotics on the Performance, Carcass Criteria, Immune Organs, and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 124.