Widely consumed worldwide, Nigella sativa (NS) is a medicinal herb commonly used in various alternative medicine systems, such as Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda, and Siddha. Recommended for regular use in Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine), NS is considered one of the most notable forms of healing medicine in Islamic literature. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main component of the essential oil of NS, has been reported to have many properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antineoplastic. Its chemical structure indicates antiviral potential against many viruses, including the hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and other coronavirus diseases. Interestingly, molecular docking studies have demonstrated that TQ can potentially inhibit the development of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by binding to the receptor site on the transmembrane serine protease 2 (the activator enzyme that attaches the virus to the cell). In addition, TQ has been shown to be effective against cancer cells due to its inhibitory effect by binding to the different regions of MDM2, according to the proposed molecular docking study. Detailed in this review is the origin of TQ, its significance in alternative medicine, pharmacological value, potential as a cancer antiproliferative agent, use against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for treatment of other diseases.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often complicated by diabetes, impacting various biochemical and immunological markers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between irisin, apelin-13, and immunological markers IL-1α and IL-1β in diabetic patients with CKD. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in Tikrit City, Iraq. This study included 120 CKD patients and a control group including 20 healthy individuals. Patients were included in the study by convenience sampling method. Participants were evaluated using ELISA kits for irisin, apelin-13, and cytokines, with blood samples analyzed for relevant biochemical markers. Patients had irisin levels of 10.98 ± 2.5 ng/mL, significantly different from non-diabetic patients (12.40 ± 3.54 ng/mL) and controls (5.36 ± 1.06 ng/mL) (p

The aim of the research is to synthesis one of the captopril derivatives by converting the carboxyl group to the nitrile group, and characterized by (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, Mass spectroscopy and CHNS). This process convert captopril structure design to a compound similar to the modern diabetes drugs (vildagliptin), with continuation of its effectiveness as an antihypertensive drug. After preparation of the modified drug, the effectiveness confirmed by some related enzymes, hormones, and some histological pictures of experiment animals (rabbits). The effects of the derivative on rabbits were studied. Sixty rabbits with weights (1500-1800)g, were divided into six groups (10 rabbits for each group). The first group, G1 consisting of 10 rabbits, is a healthy control group that has not been given any substance. The second group, G2 alloxan group (infected group). The third group gets the alloxan and vildagliptin. The fourth group gets the alloxan and the modified drug compared to vildagliptin dose. The fifth group gets the alloxan and the modified drug compared to captopril dose. The sixth group gets the alloxan and the captopril. After two weeks, the samples were withdrawn after 2 hours from the last dose, the serum was separated and the biochemical and enzymatic variables were studied including (glucose, insulin hormone, glucagon hormone, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, angiotensin converting enzyme, prostaglandin I2, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase.

In this study, L-proline amide derivatives were synthesized by reacting L-proline with carboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of pyridine as a solvent. The r

The aim of the research is to synthesis one of the captopril derivatives by converting the carboxyl group to the nitrile group, and characterized by (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, Mass spectroscopy and CHNS). This process converts captopril structure design to a compound similar to the modern diabetes drugs(vildagliptin), with continuation of its effectiveness as an antihypertensive drug.After preparation of the modified drug, the effectiveness confirmed by some related enzymes, hormones, and some histological pictures of experiment animals(rabbits). The effects of the derivative on rabbits were studied. sixty rabbits with weights (1500- 1800)g, were divided into six groups (10 rabbits for each group) -The first group, G1 consisting of 10 rabbits, is a healthy control group that has not been given any substance.-The second group, G2 alloxan group (infected group) -The third group get the alloxan and vildagliptin -The fourth group get the alloxan and the modified drug compared to vildagliptin dose.-The fifth group get the alloxan and the modified drug compared to captopril dose. The sixth group get the alloxan and the captopril. After two weeks, the samples were withdrawn after 2 hours from the last dose, the serum was separated and the biochemical and enzymatic variables were studied including (glucose, insulin hormone, glucagon hormone, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, angiotensin converting enzyme , Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, prostaglandin I2, bradykinin, nitric oxide, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, Urea, Creatinie)