Widely consumed worldwide, Nigella sativa (NS) is a medicinal herb commonly used in various alternative medicine systems, such as Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda, and Siddha. Recommended for regular use in Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine), NS is considered one of the most notable forms of healing medicine in Islamic literature. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main component of the essential oil of NS, has been reported to have many properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antineoplastic. Its chemical structure indicates antiviral potential against many viruses, including the hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and other coronavirus diseases. Interestingly, molecular docking studies have demonstrated that TQ can potentially inhibit the development of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by binding to the receptor site on the transmembrane serine protease 2 (the activator enzyme that attaches the virus to the cell). In addition, TQ has been shown to be effective against cancer cells due to its inhibitory effect by binding to the different regions of MDM2, according to the proposed molecular docking study. Detailed in this review is the origin of TQ, its significance in alternative medicine, pharmacological value, potential as a cancer antiproliferative agent, use against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for treatment of other diseases.

Oxidative/nitrosative stress can be caused by excessive production of ROS and RNS with metabolic reactions that change the balance in favor of oxidants in cases where oxidants increase and antioxidants decrease in organisms using oxygen. ROS and RNS react with several biological macromolecules in cells, such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, and alter their functions. Some natural antioxidants are constantly being researched for their benefits in terms of human health, which can strengthen the body's antioxidant defense system and have the potential to scavenger free radicals. It is a well-known and practical strategy to prevent and / or treat diseases due to the consumption of more suitable fruits, herbs, spices and vegetables, and the presence of bioactive antioxidant compounds. Moringa oleifera, a new and important one of these plants, has a wide range of bioactive compounds that can be obtained in different herbal structures such as leaves, seeds, stems and shells. It consists of bioactive molecules, such as phenolic compounds, fats, fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, functional peptides, vitamins, minerals and essential amino acids as well as a number of glycosides and has great potential for use in various formulations in various health and food products. This review highlights the formation of MO, its importance in natural medicine, its pharmacological value, and its role as a possible anti-proliferative agent against cancer and its use in some diseases.

The aim of this study was to illustrate the importance of glutathione-associated enzymes as vital markers of antioxidant/oxidant activity in PCOS disease. Our study comprised a cohort of forty patients, all of whom were above the age of 18 and had been diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) according to the 2003 Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. In addition, we recruited forty healthy individuals who were free from any metabolic disorders. The Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovarian syndrome consist of three main factors: oligo-anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and ultrasonographic confirmation of polycystic ovaries. Individuals who satisfied at least two of the three criteria were categorized as having Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and deltaglutamyl cysteine synthetase (ꝩ-GCS) in serum samples from both patients and controls were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The study examined the levels of essential enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism in patients with PCOS. The enzymes displayed significant differences between PCOS patients and control groups, indicating that glutathione metabolism plays a pivotal role in the progression of this disease. After conducting correlation analysis, it is clear that enzymes have a reciprocal impact on the progression of the disease. The analytical findings suggest that there was no statistically significant disparity in GGT levels between the PCOS group and the control group (p>0.05). The levels of ꝩ-GCS were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group (P< 0.05). Considering the involvement of ꝩ-GCS in the process of glutathione catalysis, it is postulated that its concentrations would increase in response to an elevation in glutathione levels. Our analysis of the available evidence leads us to conclude that glutathione will exert a substantial influence on the mechanism of PCOS. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a notable medical illness that frequently affects women and has a substantial influence on their overall well-being.

Cancer is one of the most debilitating and traumatic diseases of modern life, for which no curative approach is presently available. Even though the recent therapies used to treat patients with various types of cancer have not been completely effective, adjuvant therapies, including the use of medicinal plants, may have some effect in achieving cancer treatment goals. Cumin has also been widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including hypolipidemia, cancer, and diabetes. We used cumin in different concentrations to observe effect of cumin on HL60 cell line. We used MTT cell viability test to investigate cytotoxic effect of cumin. We made experiment for 24, 48 and 72 h and we incubate our cumin exposed drug 37 °C in CO₂ incubator. According to MTT results we found IC50 values for cumin 8.5 mg/mL for 72 h incubation. Generally, cancer cells show drug resistant to especially chemical drugs. Use of plant derived substances may reduce drug resistant on cancer cells. Especially if we use cumin combine with chemical drug, probably we will observe more toxic effect on cancer cell. Because combination effect will reduce drug resistant.

Aiming to obtain new anti-bacterial agents, nine novel compounds(8-16) having the same essential moieties (phosphate ester, Schiff base and sulfonamide) were subjected to virtual molecular docking screening to investigate the interaction between these compounds and amino acids existing in the active site of dihydropteroate synthase. compounds (5-7) were synthesized, and on the basis of that, proposals for subsequent compounds were built. Virtual compounds were built based on previously prepared compounds (1-6). Docking score, root mean square deviation (RMSD), hydrogen bond type, Pi-Pi bond, salt bridg, and Pi-Cation, and their distance, bonding site of the target and ligand are calculated. The docking score of all compounds was more than standard drug (sulfamethoxazole), and according to these results, our designing compounds may thus serve as potential anti-bacterial drugs.