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Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite scaffold. Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/poly(δ-valerolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAV/β-TCP) composite scaffolds showed promising in vitro results. This study evaluated the bone regenerative potential of PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite scaffolds in standardized calvarial defects in a rat model over 4 and 10 weeks. Bilateral calvarial defects (5 mm in diameter and about 1.5 mm thick, equivalent to the thickness of the calvaria) were created in 40 male Wistar albino rats. The defects were grafted with either commercially available β-TCP (positive control), PEVAV/β-TCP 70, or PEVAV/β-TCP 50, or left empty (negative control), depending on the group to which the animal was randomly assigned, to be covered before flap closure with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM). At 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery, the collected rat calvaria were evaluated using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, to assess the newly formed bone volume (NFBV), newly formed bone mineral density (NFBMD), and remaining graft volume (RGV). The results showed that calvarial defects grafted with the PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite exhibited higher NFBV than did control defects, both at 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery. Furthermore, calvarial defects grafted with PEVAV/β-TCP 70 showed the highest NFBV among all grafting conditions, with a statistically significant difference recorded at 10 weeks post-surgery. The PEVAV/β-TCP composite scaffold showed potentiality for the regeneration of critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model.
Mohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Abeer Ahmed; Sundar Ramalingam; Ali Alrahlah. Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats. Materials 2021, 14, 2384 .
AMA StyleMohammed Badwelan, Mohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Abeer Ahmed, Sundar Ramalingam, Ali Alrahlah. Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats. Materials. 2021; 14 (9):2384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Abeer Ahmed; Sundar Ramalingam; Ali Alrahlah. 2021. "Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats." Materials 14, no. 9: 2384.
The research was designed to assess silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) biocompatibility and bioactivity as an osteoinductive scaffold and cell carrier. Consequently, the ability of cell seeded SCPC implant to regenerate a critical size defect in rat calvarium. The study was conducted in two parts. A series of in vitro experiments on bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) seeded in the SCPC scaffold evaluated cell attachment proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In the second part, a cell seeded SCPC construct was implanted in rat calvarium and bone regenerating was assessed by histological examination to evaluate the newly formed bone quality and the residual graft volume. In vitro experimentation revealed that MSCs cultured on SCPC maintained viability and proliferation when seeded into the SCPC. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated cell adhesion and calcium appetite formation, MSCs differentiated towards the osteogenic lineage as indicated by the upregulation of RUNX2, ALP, Col1a1 markers. Histological examination showed regeneration from the periphery and core of the defect with new bone formation at different stages of maturation. Regenerative medicine delivers promising solutions and technologies for application in craniofacial reconstruction. SCPC scaffold has the potential to be used as a cell carrier to achieve stem cell-based bone regeneration, which provides a viable alternative for treatment of challenging critical size defect.
Shams Altwaim; Mohammed Al-Kindi; Nihal AlMuraikhi; Sarah BinHamdan; Ahmad Al-Zahrani. Assessment of the effect of silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite on mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation and bone regeneration in critical size defect. The Saudi Dental Journal 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleShams Altwaim, Mohammed Al-Kindi, Nihal AlMuraikhi, Sarah BinHamdan, Ahmad Al-Zahrani. Assessment of the effect of silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite on mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation and bone regeneration in critical size defect. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShams Altwaim; Mohammed Al-Kindi; Nihal AlMuraikhi; Sarah BinHamdan; Ahmad Al-Zahrani. 2021. "Assessment of the effect of silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite on mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation and bone regeneration in critical size defect." The Saudi Dental Journal , no. : 1.
The morbidities and complications reported in the reconstruction of large bony defects have inspired progression in the field of bioengineering, with a recent breakthrough for the use of decellularized skeletal muscle grafts (DSMG). To assess the osteogenic potentials of seeded DSMG in vitro and to investigate bone regeneration in critical size defect in vivo. Assessment of cell viability and characterization was carried out on seeded DSMG for different intervals in vitro. For in vivo experiments, histological analysis was performed for rat cranial defects for the following groups: (A) non-treated DSMG and (B) seeded DSMG after a period of 8 weeks. The in vitro experiment demonstrated the lack of cytotoxicity and inert properties of seeded DSMG; these facilitated the osteogenic differentiation and significant gene expressions, particularly of COL1A1, RUNX2, and OPN (1.9174 ± 0.11673, 1.1806 ± 0.02383, and 1.1802 ± 0.00775, respectively). In the in vivo experiment, superior results were detected in the seeded DSMG group which showed highly vascularized and cellular dense connective tissue with deposited bone matrix and multiple scattered islets of newly formed bone. Our results demonstrated the promising aspects of DSMG; however, there is a lack of studies to support further implications.
Lujain Hakeem; Mohammed Al-Kindi; Nihal AlMuraikhi; Sarah BinHamdan; Ahmad Al-Zahrani. Evaluation of the regenerative potential of decellularized skeletal muscle seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells in critical-sized bone defect of rat models. The Saudi Dental Journal 2021, 33, 248 -255.
AMA StyleLujain Hakeem, Mohammed Al-Kindi, Nihal AlMuraikhi, Sarah BinHamdan, Ahmad Al-Zahrani. Evaluation of the regenerative potential of decellularized skeletal muscle seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells in critical-sized bone defect of rat models. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2021; 33 (5):248-255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLujain Hakeem; Mohammed Al-Kindi; Nihal AlMuraikhi; Sarah BinHamdan; Ahmad Al-Zahrani. 2021. "Evaluation of the regenerative potential of decellularized skeletal muscle seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells in critical-sized bone defect of rat models." The Saudi Dental Journal 33, no. 5: 248-255.
Due to the high prevalence of oral and maxillofacial (OMF) trauma in city of Riyadh, especial focus on pediatric trauma is needed. The purpose of this audit was to assess the protocol followed by the OMF unit at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) on pediatric trauma patients. The trauma incidence, mechanism of injury, volume, the type of pediatric trauma operated and dental management were analyzed. A quantitative retrospective review of 223 patients, at pediatric emergency unit of KKUH, Riyadh, KSA from January 2017 to July 2018, was done. The data retrieved included variables such as, age, gender, and cause of injury, site of injury, type of injury, and assessment of jaws, and teeth. Data regarding the type of investigations, treatment protocol, follow up visit, and dental management, were extracted from the medical records. Of the 223 pediatric patients presenting to the emergency unit, 116 (52%) were under the age of 5 years. A total of 64.4% of patients reported “self-fall” as the cause of injury. Soft-tissue injuries were common in 63 (56.8%) of patients in the form of lacerations 87 (41.2%). Involvement of the teeth in the injury was observed in 57 patients, in which 33 (57.9%) patients were reported to have tooth/teeth avulsions, 15 (26.3%) patients had luxation and 9 (15.8%) patients had crown fractures. 27 (47%) patients were referred to the pedodontist for a follow-up visit. It can concluded that clinicians facing maxillofacial trauma in an emergency department need to have access to useful and practice guidelines. The study also showed the need for more manpower-oriented training such as a pedodontist and a general dentist to join the OMFS team to manage pediatric patients. The regional referral hospitals should be equipped to decentralize the management of these patients to the Dental University Hospital.
Saleh Zaid Al Shehri; Razan A. Ababtain; Randa Al Fotawi; Mohammed Alkindi; Sangeetha Premnath; Maryam Alhindi; Darshan Devang Divakar. Pediatric maxillofacial and dental trauma: A retrospective review of pediatric emergency management in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Dental Journal 2021, 33, 328 -333.
AMA StyleSaleh Zaid Al Shehri, Razan A. Ababtain, Randa Al Fotawi, Mohammed Alkindi, Sangeetha Premnath, Maryam Alhindi, Darshan Devang Divakar. Pediatric maxillofacial and dental trauma: A retrospective review of pediatric emergency management in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2021; 33 (6):328-333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaleh Zaid Al Shehri; Razan A. Ababtain; Randa Al Fotawi; Mohammed Alkindi; Sangeetha Premnath; Maryam Alhindi; Darshan Devang Divakar. 2021. "Pediatric maxillofacial and dental trauma: A retrospective review of pediatric emergency management in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." The Saudi Dental Journal 33, no. 6: 328-333.
Two poly(δ-valerolactone)/poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP) composites containing an equal ratio of polymer and filled with 50 and 70 wt% of β-TCP microparticles were prepared by the solvent casting method. Interconnected pores were realized using the salt leached technique, and the porosity of the resulted composites was evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. The homogeneity of the hybrid materials was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The prepared materials’ SEM images showed interconnected micropores that respond to the conditions required to allow their uses as scaffolds. The porosity of each scaffold was determined from micro computed tomography (micro-CT) data, and the analysis of the mechanical properties of the prepared materials was studied through the stress-strain compressive test. The proliferation test results used human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to grow and proliferate on the different types of prepared materials, reflecting that the hybrid materials were non-toxic and could be biologically acceptable scaffolds. The antibacterial activity test revealed that incorporation of amoxicillin in the specimens could inhibit the bacterial growth of S. aureus. The in vitro study of the release of amoxicillin from the PEVAL/PDVAL/amoxicillin and PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP/amoxicillin drug carrier systems in pH media 7.4, during eight days, gave promising results, and the antibiotic diffusion in these scaffolds obeys the Fickian model.
Mohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Waseem Sharaf Saeed; Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni; Ali Alrahlah; Taieb Aouak. Poly(δ-Valerolactone)/Poly(ethylene-Co-Vinylalcohol)/β-Tri-Calcium Phosphate Composite as Scaffolds: Preparation, Properties, and In Vitro Amoxicillin Release. Polymers 2020, 13, 46 .
AMA StyleMohammed Badwelan, Mohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Waseem Sharaf Saeed, Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni, Ali Alrahlah, Taieb Aouak. Poly(δ-Valerolactone)/Poly(ethylene-Co-Vinylalcohol)/β-Tri-Calcium Phosphate Composite as Scaffolds: Preparation, Properties, and In Vitro Amoxicillin Release. Polymers. 2020; 13 (1):46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Waseem Sharaf Saeed; Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni; Ali Alrahlah; Taieb Aouak. 2020. "Poly(δ-Valerolactone)/Poly(ethylene-Co-Vinylalcohol)/β-Tri-Calcium Phosphate Composite as Scaffolds: Preparation, Properties, and In Vitro Amoxicillin Release." Polymers 13, no. 1: 46.
Purpose: Considering the important role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in healthcare services and the stressful nature of their job, this study aimed to assess the occupational stress among oral and maxillofacial surgeons and residents in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaires were developed, and they included the perceived stress scale and questions about potential sources of stress. A sample size of 180 was determined using a 0.05 level of significance and a precision of ± 8%. The survey was distributed using a consecutive non-random sampling method to all oral and maxillofacial surgeons and residents in all regions in Saudi Arabia from May to December 2019. Results: One hundred and seventy-two responses were received. Males were the predominant gender. The perceived stress scale revealed a moderate stress level among surgeons and residents. However, residents had a significantly higher score (P = 0.005). Increased working days were significantly associated with higher stress levels (P = 0.006). Long on-call periods were significantly and positively correlated with increased stress levels among residents since their work schedule was not flexible (P = 0.000). The majority of surgeons and residents believe that they have unconducive and stressful work environments and that working as a maxillofacial surgeon is stressful. Conclusion: The study results suggest that there is increased occupational stress among oral and maxillofacial surgeons and residents in Saudi Arabia. This study highlights the need for stress management programs to minimize stress factors at the workplace and to ensure a healthy working environment for the practitioners.
Mohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Hourya Alnofaie; Ziyad AlHammad; Mohammed Badwelan; Sahar Albarakati. Assessment of Occupational Stress Among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Residents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Advances in Medical Education and Practice 2020, ume 11, 741 -753.
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Hourya Alnofaie, Ziyad AlHammad, Mohammed Badwelan, Sahar Albarakati. Assessment of Occupational Stress Among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Residents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2020; ume 11 ():741-753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi; Osama Alghamdi; Hourya Alnofaie; Ziyad AlHammad; Mohammed Badwelan; Sahar Albarakati. 2020. "Assessment of Occupational Stress Among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Residents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Advances in Medical Education and Practice ume 11, no. : 741-753.
Dislodgment of nasopharyngeal temperature probes and/or unretrieved device fragments (UDFs) or gossypibome at a patient’s hypopharynx is rare complication after orthognathic surgery that may occur as a result of surgical manipulation or may be a consequence of factors related to the insertion and handling of the probe after extubation. However, the exact mechanism of this complication is unknown. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 1st reported case of a missing temperature probe after orthognathic surgery. We report the case of a patient who suffered from dislodgment of a 12-cm temperature probe after orthognathic surgery. The surgery was uneventful. At the end of the surgery, the probe was believed to have been completely removed from the nasal cavity. The nasopharyngeal cavity was visually inspected while the patient was still under anaesthesia and the trachea was still intubated. Extubation was successful, and the patient was moved to the recovery area. The patient was discharged from the hospital one day after resuming an oral fluid diet. At the follow-up visit on the 4th postoperative day, the patient presented with mild symptoms of a sore throat and cough. At the follow-up visit in the 3rd postoperative week, the patient reported one episode of vomiting and severe coughing, and the patient ultimately retrieved the 12-cm temperature probe from her mouth. After conducting a systematic literature review, we discuss surgical cases involving UDFs or gossypiboma. We also describe changes in our clinical practice after this event, and we envision that these modifications will have a positive influence on patient care. We believe that alternative routes for inserting temperature probes with covers would be suitable for orthognathic surgery. Vigilance should be maintained during patient extubation by both teams (surgeons and anaesthetists) to assure that part of the probe always remains visible outside the oral/nasal cavity as well as complete removal of the device to avoid this life-threating complication.
Saleh Zaid Alshehri; Mohammed Ghazi Alkindi; Osama A. Ibraheim; Razan A. Ababtain; Randa Alfotawi. Gossypiboma during orthognathic surgery: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2020, 75, 429 -432.
AMA StyleSaleh Zaid Alshehri, Mohammed Ghazi Alkindi, Osama A. Ibraheim, Razan A. Ababtain, Randa Alfotawi. Gossypiboma during orthognathic surgery: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2020; 75 ():429-432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaleh Zaid Alshehri; Mohammed Ghazi Alkindi; Osama A. Ibraheim; Razan A. Ababtain; Randa Alfotawi. 2020. "Gossypiboma during orthognathic surgery: A case report." International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 75, no. : 429-432.
Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise frequently in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest SGT, representing 60-70% of all benign parotid tumors. Clinically, parotid PA presents as irregular, lobulated, asymptomatic, slow-growing preauricular mass, involving both superficial and deep lobes, and could grow to gigantic proportions. Histologically, PA has epithelial and mesenchymal elements in chondromyxoid matrix and is managed surgically. Based on a review of 43 cases reported in English literature since 1995, giant parotid PA is reported as large as 35 cm (diameter) and 7.3 kg (resected weight). Although rare, 10 cases of malignant transformation were reported in the review. Surgical management included extracapsular dissection (ECD), superficial parotidectomy, and total parotidectomy for benign tumors, and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy for malignant tumors. We further present the case of a 36-year-old healthy male with slow-growing and asymptomatic giant parotid PA, of 4-year duration. The patient presented with firm, lobulated preauricular swelling, provisionally diagnosed as PA based on radiographic and cytological findings. The tumor was resected through ECD, and the patient had uneventful postoperative recovery and a 7-year recurrence-free follow-up period. Histological examination revealed epimyoepithelial proliferation punctuated by chondromyxoid areas, with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cysts. To the best of knowledge from indexed literature, giant parotid PA is rarely reported in Saudi Arabia. In addition to its rarity, this case is reported for its benign nature despite atypical histological presentation, successful surgical management without complications, and long-term recurrence-free follow-up. Based on this report, clinicians must be aware of atypical histological presentations associated with PA and plan suitable surgical management and follow-up to avoid morbidity. Nevertheless, attempts must be made to diagnose and manage these lesions at an early stage and before they reach gigantic proportions.
Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem; Manal A. Alsheddi. Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Dentistry 2020, 2020, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem, Manal A. Alsheddi. Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Dentistry. 2020; 2020 ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem; Manal A. Alsheddi. 2020. "Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020, no. : 1-18.
Mandibular reconstruction is a complicated task because of the complex nature of the regional anatomy. Computer-assisted tools are a promising means of improving the precision and safety of such complex surgeries. The digital techniques utilized in the reconstruction of mandibular defects based on medical data, computer-aided-design approaches, and three-dimensional (3D) printing are widely used to improve the patient’s aesthetic appearance and function, as well as the accuracy and quality of diagnosis, and surgical outcomes. Nevertheless, to ensure an acceptable aesthetical appearance and functional outcomes, the design must be based on proper anatomical reconstruction, mostly done in a virtual environment by skilled design engineers. Mirroring is one of the widely used techniques in the surgical navigation and reconstruction of mandibular defects. However, there are some discrepancies and mismatches in the mirrored anatomical models. Hence, in order to overcome these limitations in the mirroring technique, a novel approach called the cavity-filled technique was introduced. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the newly recommended cavity-filled technique with the widely used mirror reconstruction technique in restoring mandibular defects. A prominent 3D comparison technique was employed in this work, where the resected and the reconstructed mandibles were superimposed to quantify the accuracy of the two techniques. From the analysis, it can be inferred that the cavity-filled technique with a root-mean-square value of 1.1019 mm produced better accuracy in contrast to the mirroring approach, which resulted in an error of 1.2683 mm. Consequently, by using the proposed cavity-filled design, the discrepancy between the reconstruction plate and the bone contour was mitigated. This method, owing to its high precision, can decrease the number of adjustments and the time of surgery, as well as ensure a quick recovery time with better implant tissue in-growth.
Khaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Wadea Ameen; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. Patient-Specific Surgical Implant Using Cavity-Filled Approach for Precise and Functional Mandible Reconstruction. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6030 .
AMA StyleKhaja Moiduddin, Syed Hammad Mian, Wadea Ameen, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Osama Alghamdi. Patient-Specific Surgical Implant Using Cavity-Filled Approach for Precise and Functional Mandible Reconstruction. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):6030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Wadea Ameen; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. 2020. "Patient-Specific Surgical Implant Using Cavity-Filled Approach for Precise and Functional Mandible Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 6030.
Mohammed Alkindi. Therapeutic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 2020, 13, 187 -194.
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi. Therapeutic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications. 2020; 13 (1):187-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi. 2020. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 13, no. 1: 187-194.
The surface measures of machined titanium alloys as dental materials can be enhanced by adopting a decision-making algorithm in the machining process. The surface quality is normally characterized by more than one quality parameter. Hence, it is very important to establish multi-criteria decision making to compute the optimal process factors. In the present study, Taguchi–Grey analysis-based criteria decision making has been applied to the input process factors in the wire EDM (electric discharge machining) process. The recast layer thickness, wire wear ratio and micro hardness have been chosen to evaluate the quality measures. It was found that the wire electrode selection was the most influential factor on the quality measures in the WEDM process, due to its significance in creating spark energy. The optimal arrangement of the input process parameters has been found using the proposed approach as gap voltage (70 V), discharge current (15 A) and duty factor (0.6). It was proved that the proposed method can enhance the efficacy of the process. Utilizing the computed combination of optimal process parameters in surface quality analysis has significantly contributed to improving the quality of machining surface.
Muthuramalingam Thangaraj; Ramamurthy Annamalai; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. Enhancing the Surface Quality of Micro Titanium Alloy Specimen in WEDM Process by Adopting TGRA-Based Optimization. Materials 2020, 13, 1440 .
AMA StyleMuthuramalingam Thangaraj, Ramamurthy Annamalai, Khaja Moiduddin, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Osama Alghamdi. Enhancing the Surface Quality of Micro Titanium Alloy Specimen in WEDM Process by Adopting TGRA-Based Optimization. Materials. 2020; 13 (6):1440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuthuramalingam Thangaraj; Ramamurthy Annamalai; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Osama Alghamdi. 2020. "Enhancing the Surface Quality of Micro Titanium Alloy Specimen in WEDM Process by Adopting TGRA-Based Optimization." Materials 13, no. 6: 1440.
Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate wear response of custom-fabricated electron beam melted titanium (EBM-Ti), zirconia, and acrylic TMJ parts when subjected to biomechanical simulation testing. Eighteen prosthetic TMJ parts (condyle, glenoid fossa) were custom-fabricated using computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques based on patient’s radiographic images. Biomechanical simulation testing of TMJ parts (in different combinations) were done in a modified chewing simulator (108,000 cycles, 1 Hz frequency, 45–60 N compression, strokes-downward 0.15–0.25 s/horizontal, 0.4–0.5 s/upward, 0.25–0.45 s/displacement, 1.5–2.0 mm). Qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed wear facets on leading edges of vertical and horizontal simulation strokes. Measurement of pre-test and post-test weights of TMJ parts revealed non-significant reduction in weights due to wear. EBM-Ti and acrylic TMJ glenoid fossae articulating against zirconia condyles during simulation testing had significantly higher wear, evidenced by greater mean reduction in weights. Based on results of this preliminary study, custom-fabricated alloplastic prosthetic TMJ are a viable alternative to stock alloplastic joints. While EBM-Ti and acrylic are suitable biomaterials for custom-fabrication, use of zirconia results in greater wear and requires further studies to optimize their role in customized alloplastic TMJ.
Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Khaja Moiduddin; Osama Alghamdi; Hisham Alkhalefah; Mohammed Badwelan. In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5455 .
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Khaja Moiduddin, Osama Alghamdi, Hisham Alkhalefah, Mohammed Badwelan. In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Khaja Moiduddin; Osama Alghamdi; Hisham Alkhalefah; Mohammed Badwelan. 2019. "In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5455.
The use of additive manufacturing in medical applications has become more prevalent over the last decade. Studies have proved that reconstruction plates with a mesh structure enhance the biocompatibility and bone-ingrowth formation. However, limited studies have been reported in the customization and in vivo clinical assessment of mesh implants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical treatment and implant fitting accuracy using three different reconstruction plates. Fifteen goats were divided into one control and three experimental groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) with five in each group. An experimental segmental defect was created on these animals and was adopted with customized electron beam melting reconstruction titanium plates with mesh in Group 1 and without mesh in Group 2 and commercial reconstruction plate in Group 3. All the animals were subjected to radiographic analysis before and after surgery. The subjected animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the electron beam melting reconstruction plates were compared with the commercial plate based on clinical and histology analysis and implant fitting accuracy. Both the electron beam melting reconstruction plates (with mesh and without mesh) and commercial plates survived the three months post-operation, revealing good wound-healing with new bone formation and without any foreign-body reaction. The electron beam melting reconstructed plate with mesh (Group 1) was found to have a better implant fitting when compared to the other two groups. The average discrepancy between Groups 2 and 3 was not significant. Certainly, the commercial plate (Group 3) was found to have the least accuracy as compared to other electron beam melting reconstruction plates (Group 1 and Group 2). Custom design electron beam melting fabricated reconstruction plates possessed better functionality, aesthetic outcome, and long-term biocompatibility when compared to commercial plates. Animal results indicated that the electron beam melting plates with mesh (Group 1) were superior in comparison to the other two groups due to its ability to provide better bone-in-growth and osseointegration on its porous microstructure.
Khaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Hisham Alkhalefah; Osama Alghamdi. An In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Implant Accuracy of the Electron Beam Melting and Commercial Reconstruction Plates. Metals 2019, 9, 1065 .
AMA StyleKhaja Moiduddin, Syed Hammad Mian, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Hisham Alkhalefah, Osama Alghamdi. An In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Implant Accuracy of the Electron Beam Melting and Commercial Reconstruction Plates. Metals. 2019; 9 (10):1065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaja Moiduddin; Syed Hammad Mian; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Hisham Alkhalefah; Osama Alghamdi. 2019. "An In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Implant Accuracy of the Electron Beam Melting and Commercial Reconstruction Plates." Metals 9, no. 10: 1065.
The objective of this study was to identify patterns of obtaining preoperative informed consent from patients undergoing mandibular third molar surgeries, in a subset of general dentists and oral surgeons in Saudi Arabia, and to compare the consenting patterns based on the clinician's rank, years of experience, place of work and gender. A prospective questionnaire based study was designed and data was obtained through an online survey from 102 participants who were selected for the study. Demographic information, clinician experience, type of informed consent obtained and information related to discussion of legal implications and complications were collected. Descriptive analysis of the obtained data and statistical comparisons using cross tabulation and Pearson Chi-Square test with a 95% significance level (P < 0.05) were done between the independents demographic variables and dependent variables pertaining to patterns of preoperative consenting. The survey response rate was 81.3% (n = 83), with 59.04% general dentists and 40.96% oral surgeons. The ratio of male to female respondents was approximately 3:1. Majority of the respondents reported a clinical experience of less than 10 years (77.11%) and were reportedly working in the private sector (73.49%). Nearly 80% of the respondents (79.52%) mentioned obtaining preoperative consent for mandibular third molar surgeries and was significantly higher (p-value - 0.018) among clinicians with more than 5 years of experience (90%). While 38.5% of the respondents indicated obtaining both a written and verbal consent, 53.01% obtained only a verbal consent. Majority of the respondents were aware of the legal implications of obtaining informed consent (81.93%) and disclosed incidental complications to their patients (91.57%). However, differences in the perceived post-operative complications associated with mandibular third molar surgeries were observed between general dentists and oral surgeons. The results of this study indicate a good level of knowledge about informed consent for mandibular third molar surgery and its legal implications among the dentists and oral surgeons who were surveyed. However, to avoid painful medico-legal disputes, a written informed consent signed by patients along with a witness should be considered mandatory.
Mohammed Alkindi. Preoperative informed consent for mandibular third molar surgeries: A survey analysis in a subset of dentists and oral surgeons in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Dental Journal 2019, 31, 204 -211.
AMA StyleMohammed Alkindi. Preoperative informed consent for mandibular third molar surgeries: A survey analysis in a subset of dentists and oral surgeons in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2019; 31 (2):204-211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Alkindi. 2019. "Preoperative informed consent for mandibular third molar surgeries: A survey analysis in a subset of dentists and oral surgeons in Saudi Arabia." The Saudi Dental Journal 31, no. 2: 204-211.
Beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) has been used for bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to assess longitudinally, the regeneration of critical sized segmental defects (CSSD) in rat femur using beta-TCP with or without recombinant platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Following ethical approval unilateral femoral CSSD measuring 5 mm was surgically created, under general anesthesia, in 30 male Wistar-Albino rats (aged 12-18 months; weighing 450-500 g). CSSD was stabilized using titanium mini-plate (4 holes, 1.0 mm thick with 8 mm bar). Depending upon biomaterial used for regeneration, the animals were randomly divided into: Control group (N = 10): CSSD covered with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) only; Beta-TCP group (N = 10): CSSD filled with beta-TCP and covered by RCM; Beta-TCP + PDGF group (N = 10): CSSD filled with beta-TCP soaked in recombinant PDGF and covered by RCM. Longitudinal in vivo micro-CT analysis of the CSSD was done postoperatively at baseline, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks to assess volume and mineral density of newly formed bone (NFB) and beta-TCP. Significant increase in NFB volume (NFBV) and mineral density (NFBMD) were observed from baseline to 8-weeks in all groups. Based on longitudinal in vivo micro-CT at 8-weeks, beta-TCP + PDGF group had significantly higher (p < 0.01) NFBV (38.98 ± 7.36 mm3) and NFBMD (3.72 ± 0.32 g/mm3) than the beta-TCP (NFBV-31.15 ± 6.68 mm3; NFBMD-2.28 ± 0.86g/mm3) and control (NFBV: 5.60 ± 1.06 mm3; NFBMD: 0.27 ± 0.02 g/mm3) groups. Significantly, higher reduction in beta-TCP volume (TCPV) and mineral density (TCPMD) were 1 observed in the beta-TCP + PDGF group when compared to the beta-TCP group. Addition of recombinant PDGF to beta-TCP enhanced bone regeneration within rat femoral CSSD and increased resorption rates of beta-TCP particles.
Mohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Nasser Nooh; Khalid Al Hezaimi. The Efficacy of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate to Regenerate Femoral Critical Sized Segmental Defects: Longitudinal In Vivo Micro-CT Study in a Rat Model. Journal of Investigative Surgery 2018, 33, 476 -488.
AMA StyleMohammed Badwelan, Mohammed Alkindi, Sundar Ramalingam, Nasser Nooh, Khalid Al Hezaimi. The Efficacy of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate to Regenerate Femoral Critical Sized Segmental Defects: Longitudinal In Vivo Micro-CT Study in a Rat Model. Journal of Investigative Surgery. 2018; 33 (5):476-488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Badwelan; Mohammed Alkindi; Sundar Ramalingam; Nasser Nooh; Khalid Al Hezaimi. 2018. "The Efficacy of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate to Regenerate Femoral Critical Sized Segmental Defects: Longitudinal In Vivo Micro-CT Study in a Rat Model." Journal of Investigative Surgery 33, no. 5: 476-488.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the route to digitize the customized mandible implants consisting of image acquisition, processing, implant design, fitting rehearsal and fabrication using fused deposition modeling and electron beam melting methodologies. Design/methodology/approach Recent advances in the field of rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, medical imaging and image processing have led to new heights in the medical applications of additive manufacturing (AM). AM has gained a lot of attention and interest during recent years because of its high potential in medical fields. Findings Produced mandible implants using casting, milling and machining are of standard sizes and shapes. As each person’s physique and anatomical bone structure are unique, these commercially produced standard implants are manually bent before surgery using trial and error methodology to custom fit the patient’s jaw. Any mismatch between the actual bone and the implant results in implant failure and psychological stress and pain to the patient. Originality/value The novelty in this paper is the construction of the customized mandibular implant from the computed tomography (CT) scan which includes surface reconstruction, implant design with validation and simulation of the mechanical behavior of the design implant using finite element analysis (FEA). There has been few research studies on the design and customization of the implants before surgery, but there had been hardly any study related to customized design implant and evaluating the biomechanical response on the newly designed implant using FEA. Though few studies are related to FEA on the reconstruction plates, but their paper lacks the implant design model and the reconstruction model. In this research study, an integrated framework is developed for the implant design, right from the CT scan of the patient including the softwares involved through out in the study and then performing the biomechanical study on the customized design implant to prove that the designed implant can withstand the biting and loading conditions. The proposed research methodology which includes the interactions between medical practitioners and the implant design engineers can be incorporated to any other reconstruction bone surgeries.
Emad Abouel Nasr; Abdurahman Mushabab Al-Ahmari; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Al Kindi; Ali K. Kamrani. A digital design methodology for surgical planning and fabrication of customized mandible implants. Rapid Prototyping Journal 2017, 23, 101 -109.
AMA StyleEmad Abouel Nasr, Abdurahman Mushabab Al-Ahmari, Khaja Moiduddin, Mohammed Al Kindi, Ali K. Kamrani. A digital design methodology for surgical planning and fabrication of customized mandible implants. Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2017; 23 (1):101-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmad Abouel Nasr; Abdurahman Mushabab Al-Ahmari; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Al Kindi; Ali K. Kamrani. 2017. "A digital design methodology for surgical planning and fabrication of customized mandible implants." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 1: 101-109.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the head and neck is a rare benign proliferative lesion of unknown etiology that mimics malignant lesions clinically and radiographically. I report the case of a 27-year-old woman who presented with a mass in her left mandible associated with restricted mouth opening that had developed over the preceding 7 months. The mass was resected completely with 5 mm margin under general anesthesia. The mass was extending to the floor of the mouth and impinging on the masseter and temporalis muscles. Given its characteristics of being localized and aggressive, complete surgical resection is the best treatment modality for IMT.
Mohammed Ghazi Alkindi. A rare case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mandible mimicking a malignant tumor. The Saudi Dental Journal 2017, 29, 36 -40.
AMA StyleMohammed Ghazi Alkindi. A rare case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mandible mimicking a malignant tumor. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2017; 29 (1):36-40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Ghazi Alkindi. 2017. "A rare case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mandible mimicking a malignant tumor." The Saudi Dental Journal 29, no. 1: 36-40.
The aim of this in vivo microcomputed tomographic (μCT) study was to compare the efficacy of Mucograft (MG) vs resorbable collagen membranes (RCMs) in facilitating guided bone regeneration (GBR) around standardized calvarial defects in rats. Forty female Wistar albino rats with a mean age and weight of 6 to 9 weeks and 250 to 300 g, respectively, were used. With the rats under general anesthesia, the skin over the calvaria was exposed using a full-thickness flap. A standardized calvarial defect with a 4.6-mm diameter was created in the left parietal bone. For treatment, the rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): (1) defects covered with MG (MG group); (2) defects covered with an RCM (RCM group); (3) defects filled with xenograft bone particles and covered by MG (MG + bone group); and (4) defects filled with xenograft bone particles and covered by an RCM (RCM + bone group). Primary closure was achieved using interrupted resorbable sutures. The animals underwent high-resolution, three-dimensional μCT scans at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the surgical procedures. Data regarding volume and bone mineral density (BMD) of newly formed bone (NFB) and bone particles revealed an increase in the volume of NFB in all the groups from baseline to 8 weeks. The MG group had the lowest volume of NFB (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 1.32 ± 0.22 mm(3)). No significant differences in mean ± SD values for volume of NFB were observed between the RCM (3.50 ± 0.24 mm(3)) and MG + bone (3.87 ± 0.36 mm(3)) groups, but their values were significantly lower than that of the RCM + bone group (2.95 ± 0.15 mm(3), F = 131.91, dfN = 2, dfD = 27, P < .001). Significant differences in BMD of NFB between the groups (F = 332.46, dfN = 3, dfD = 36, P < .001) and during different data collection periods (F = 97.04, dfN = 3, dfD = 36, P < .01) were observed, with the RCM group having the highest mean ± SD BMD of NFB (0.42 ± 0.05 g/mm(3)). Significant differences in the bone particle volume between the RCM + bone and MG + bone groups (F = 91.04, dfN = 1, dfD = 18, P < .05) and at different data collection periods (F = 314.12, P < .01) were observed, with the RCM + bone group displaying greater reduction in both volume (36.8%) and BMD (19.7%) of bone particles. The present in vivo μCT study demonstrated that RCM is better than MG in enhancing new bone formation in rat calvarial standardized defects when used in combination with mineralized particulate graft material.
Amani Basudan; Nadir Babay; Sundar Ramalingam; Nasser Nooh; Mohammed Alkindi; Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Efficacy of Mucograft vs Conventional Resorbable Collagen Membranes in Guided Bone Regeneration Around Standardized Calvarial Defects in Rats: An In Vivo Microcomputed Tomographic Analysis. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 2016, 36, s109 -s121.
AMA StyleAmani Basudan, Nadir Babay, Sundar Ramalingam, Nasser Nooh, Mohammed Alkindi, Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed, Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Efficacy of Mucograft vs Conventional Resorbable Collagen Membranes in Guided Bone Regeneration Around Standardized Calvarial Defects in Rats: An In Vivo Microcomputed Tomographic Analysis. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2016; 36 ():s109-s121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmani Basudan; Nadir Babay; Sundar Ramalingam; Nasser Nooh; Mohammed Alkindi; Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. 2016. "Efficacy of Mucograft vs Conventional Resorbable Collagen Membranes in Guided Bone Regeneration Around Standardized Calvarial Defects in Rats: An In Vivo Microcomputed Tomographic Analysis." The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 36, no. : s109-s121.
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures using graft materials have been used for reconstruction of osseous defects. The aim of the present in vivo micro-computed tomographic (µCT) and histologic study was to assess in real time the bone regeneration at GBR sites in standardized experimental calvarial defects (diameter 3.3 mm) using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with and without collagen membrane (CM). A single full-thickness calvarial defect was created on the left parietal bone in young female Wistar albino rats (n = 30) weighing approximately 300 g and aged about 6 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into three groups for treatment, based on calvarial defect filling material: (1) control group (n = 10); (2) β-TCP + CM group (n = 10); (3) β-TCP group (n = 10). Real-time in vivo µCT analyses were performed immediately after surgery and at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks to determine the volume and mineral density of the newly formed bone (BVNFB, MDNFB) and remaining β-TCP particles (VRBP, MDRBP). The animals were killed at 10 weeks and calvarial specimens were evaluated histologically. In the control group, MDNFB increased significantly at 6 weeks (0.32 ± 0.002 g/mm(3), P < 0.01) compared to that at baseline. In β-TCP + CM group, BVNFB (1.10 ± 0.12 mm(3), P < 0.01) and MDNFB (0.13 ± 0.02 g/mm(3), P < 0.01) significantly increased at the 4th week than baseline. In the β-TCP group, BVNFB (1.13 ± 0.12 mm(3), P < 0.01) and MDNFB (0.14 ± 0.01 g/mm(3), P < 0.01) significantly increased at 6 weeks compared to that at baseline. Significant reduction in VRBP was neither seen in the β-TCP + CM group nor in the β-TCP group. While in the β-TCP + CM group MDRBP was reduced significantly at 6 weeks (0.44 ± 0.9 g/mm(3), P < 0.01) from baseline (0.98 ± 0.03 g/mm(3)), similar significant reduction in MDRBP from baseline (0.92 ± 0.07 g/mm(3)) was seen only at 10 weeks (0.45 ± 0.06 g/mm(3), P < 0.05) in the β-TCP group. Histologic findings at 10 weeks revealed greater amount of NFB with osteocytes in the matrix, in the β-TCP + CM group than in the β-TCP group. Biomechanical assessment of NFB for hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) revealed significantly higher values for the β-TCP + CM group (H = 612.6 ± 4.28 Mpa; E = 13.57 ± 0.07 Gpa) when compared to those of the control (H = 192.1 ± 4.93 Mpa; E = 6.76 ± 0.04 Gpa) and the β-TCP groups (H = 241.9 ± 6.29 Mpa; E = 4.34 ± 0.06 Gpa). In conclusion, based on real-time assessment, NFB is formed in calvarial defects as early as 4 weeks following GBR with β-TCP + CM as compared to 6 weeks when β-TCP alone was used.
Sundar Ramalingam; Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed; Aws ArRejaie; Nasser Nooh; Mohammed Al-Kindi; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Guided bone regeneration in standardized calvarial defects using beta-tricalcium phosphate and collagen membrane: a real-time in vivo micro-computed tomographic experiment in rats. Odontology 2015, 104, 199 -210.
AMA StyleSundar Ramalingam, Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed, Aws ArRejaie, Nasser Nooh, Mohammed Al-Kindi, Khalid Al-Hezaimi. Guided bone regeneration in standardized calvarial defects using beta-tricalcium phosphate and collagen membrane: a real-time in vivo micro-computed tomographic experiment in rats. Odontology. 2015; 104 (2):199-210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSundar Ramalingam; Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed; Aws ArRejaie; Nasser Nooh; Mohammed Al-Kindi; Khalid Al-Hezaimi. 2015. "Guided bone regeneration in standardized calvarial defects using beta-tricalcium phosphate and collagen membrane: a real-time in vivo micro-computed tomographic experiment in rats." Odontology 104, no. 2: 199-210.
The reconstruction of mandible bone defects by the intraoperative planning of design implant results in the aesthetic and cosmetic deviation leading to increase surgical time and implant revision. The maxillofacial surgery can be improved using advanced manufacturing technique such as additive manufacturing technology with the medical modeling software to design patient specific implant which can custom fit the patient's jaw precisely and accurately. The commercial produced mandible reconstruction implants are of standard size and shape which needs manual bending before surgery, using trial and error method to custom fit the patient's jaw. Even a slight mismatch between the bone-plate interface results in the implant loosening and failure. With the integration of computer aided design (CAD), additive manufacturing, and advanced imaging systems (CT or MRI), the patient CT scan images are analyzed and processed using medical modeling software into a 3D format to produce a customized or patient specific design implant via additive manufacturing technique, such as fused deposition modeling and Electron beam melting technology. The produced customized implant fits accurately onto the patient's jaw, thus reducing the implant revision and surgery time. The customized mandible implant design and its fabrication using Additive manufacturing is an effective method in the mandible reconstruction surgery. In this study, a digital design route for patient specific mandible implant is proposed.
Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari; Emad Abouel Nasr; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Alkindi; Ali Kamrani. Patient specific mandibular implant for maxillofacial surgery using additive manufacturing. 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM) 2015, 1 -7.
AMA StyleAbdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Emad Abouel Nasr, Khaja Moiduddin, Mohammed Alkindi, Ali Kamrani. Patient specific mandibular implant for maxillofacial surgery using additive manufacturing. 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM). 2015; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulrahman Al-Ahmari; Emad Abouel Nasr; Khaja Moiduddin; Mohammed Alkindi; Ali Kamrani. 2015. "Patient specific mandibular implant for maxillofacial surgery using additive manufacturing." 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM) , no. : 1-7.